Q-How has globalisation been advantageous to both producers as well as consumers in India? Explain. 75.

75. What is the effect of globalisation on small Producers and workers?

Or
How has globalisation affected the life of Indians? Explain with examples.
What major challenges has globalisation posted for small producers and workers?
Ans. Advantages of globalisation for consumers:
Ans. The effects of globalisation on small producers and Workers are:
(a) They have greater choice.
(a)Small producers and workers have been hit hard the most due to the rising competition. Several of the small units have been
(b) Better quality of products are available for consumption due to competition.
shut down thereby rendering many workers jobless. (b)Large MNCs especially in the
(c) It has reduced the cost of goods and services considerably.
garment industry. In Europe and America, order their products From Indian exporters.
Advantages of globalisation to producers:
(a) They now have access to international markets for their products.
(b) They have easier access to foreign investment to enhance their production. (c) They look for the cheapest goods in order to maximize their profits.
(c) Collaboration with MNCs have added up their performance and profits.

(d)So for getting the large orders from them, the exporters try to cut labour costs wages given are low, and workers are forced
Q-How have our markets been transformed in recent years? Explain with examples.
to work overtime to make both ends meet. (e) Though MNCs are able to make large profits, the workers
Ans. The advent of globalization and the policy of liberalization have opened the market to the world players. It has given rise to
are denied their fair share of the benefits of globalisation.
wide choice of goods and services to the consumer. MNCs have played a vital role in the world market. Foreign trade and
investment in the country has increased. It has also resulted in exchange of technology between countries. In recent times,
technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers and internet has been changing rapidly. Globalization has also 76. Should more Indian companies emerge as MNCs? How would it benefit the people in the country?
created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving in IT. Better job opportunities for Ans. Yes, it is desirable that more Indian companies should emerge as MNCs. This will benefit Indian people as follows:
people have given rise to migration. Globalization has also enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals. (a)The Indian MNCs will make profits in foreign countries, which will improve the foreign exchange position of India.
For example, Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy have expanded their operations around the world. (b)More Indians will get an opportunity to work in foreign locations, thus improving their outlook. And financial position.
(c) Employment in India will increase due to increased requirement of persons in these Indian MNCs.
Q.-"Technology has stimulated the globalisation process." Support the statement with examples. (d)This will help these MNCs to expand their market and financial setup.
Ans. Technology has stimulated the process of globalisation in the following ways: (e) The Indian MNCs, too, can directly benefit people through various Corporate Social Responsibility Programmes (CSRP). This
(a) Transportation technology has witnessed several improvements in past fifty years. This has made much faster delivery of will make India a stronger economy and A stronger economy is always beneficial.
goods across long distances possible at lower costs, such as use of containers have led to huge reduction in port handling co sts
and increased the speed with which exports can reach markets.
77. How has globalisation been advantageous to both Producers as well as consumers in India? Explain.
(b) Also, the cost of air transport has fallen. Ultimately, it has stimulated the globalisation process.
How has globalisation affected the life of Indians? Explain with examples.
(c) Telecommunication has also shown remarkable development. Computers, internet, e-mail, voice mail, etc. are used
Ans. Advantages of globalisation for consumer (a) They have greater choice for consumer.
intensively to contact one another around the world.
(b) Better quality of products are available for consumption due to competition.
(d) There has been a remarkable development in information and communication technology. It has enabled to access
(c) It has reduced the cost of goods and services considerably.
information instantly and communicate even in the remotest areas.
Advantages of globalisation to producers: (a)They now have access to international markets For their products.
(e) Call centres use this to satisfy their customers abroad or provide outsourcing services from anywhere.
(b)They have easier access to foreign investment To enhance their production. Collaboration with MNCs have added up their
Performance and profits.
Q. "Democracies lead to a peaceful and harmonious life among citizens." Justify the statement.
Ans- Democracy leads to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens as it gives to its citizens a sound political system based on
social equality. We can prove the statement by the following:- Q-“Fair globalisation would create opportunities for All and also ensure that benefits of globalisation Are shared better.”
(a)Democracy provides a conducive political environment to citizens for their popular participation in politics. Support the statement.
(b) Every citizen has the right to vote and right to contest election. How can government play a major role in making Globalisation fair?
(c) Democracy stands for equal economic status to all citizens. How can the Government of India play a major Role to make globalisation more fair? Explain With examples.
(d) In democracy, government undertakes extensive social welfare schemes and strives to achieve universal literacy rate. Ans. Globalisation is not providing to be a fair deal. Fair globalisation would create opportunities for all and also ensure that
(e) In the social sphere, democracy tries to help the citizens to lead a peaceful and harmonious life by accommodating various benefits of globalisation are shared better.
social divisions and providing them social equality. (a)Government policies must protect the interests of not only the rich and powerful but of all the people in the country.
(b)Government should ensure that labour laws are implemented properly and workers get their due share.
Q. What outcome can one reasonably expect of democracies? (c) Small producers should be supported to improve their productivity and performance so that they can compete for
Ans. One should reasonably expect the following outcomes of democracy: international market.
(a) Accountable, responsive and legitimate government: Democracy provides people with the right to choose their rulers and (d)Government can use trade and investment barriers, if needed.
have control over them. In this way it helps people to elect a government that is accountable to the citizens and responsive to (e) Government should be ready to negotiate at WTO for ensuring fairer rules. If necessary, government should align with
their needs and expectations. countries with similar interests to oppose the domination of major and powerful players in WTO.
(b) Economic growth and development: As democracy is based on the principle of equality.it is bound to bring about economic
growth and development in the country.
(c) Reduction in inequality and poverty: In democracy, everyone is considered equal in the eyes of law and provided equal Q. How do democratic government ensure transparency?
opportunities. Ans- (a) They make sure that decision-making will be based on norms and procedures.
(b) They allow every citizen to participate in decision-making, directly or indirectly, through their representatives.
(d) Accommodation of social diversity: Democracy is the only form of government that attempts to accommodate social
differences instead of ignoring or suppressing them. (c) Citizens can examine and find out the correctness of the procedure of decision-making using their right to information.
(e) Dignity and freedom of the citizens: Democracy stands superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and (d) They are accountable to the people. If people are not satisfied with the way the government works, they have the right to
change the government in the next general election.
freedom of every individual.
(e) They provide people with power to demand answers from their representatives and reduce the chances of corruption.
Q. Describe the importance of democratic government as an accountable and legitimate government.
Q-"Democracy plays an important role to accommodate social diversity." Support the statement with examples.
Ans. Accountable Government: Democracy produces an accountable government which is answerable to the people or to the
Parliament. In a democracy people elect their representatives who form the government. People have a choice to change the Social diversity is accommodated in democracy in the following ways:
(a) Democracies ensure a peaceful and harmonious life to citizens. E.g. Fundamental rights to citizens.
government in the next general elections if they are not satisfied with its working.
(b) Democracy usually develops a procedure to conduct a competition which reduces the possibility of social tension becoming
Responsive Government: It is a people's government so it has to be responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. It
helps in the formation of public opinion. It provides a mechanism for citizens to hold the government accountable and allows explosive or violent. E.g. Belgium has successfully negotiated differences among ethnic populations.
(c) Democratic regimes have the ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts through the provision of
them to take part in the decision-making directly or indirectly. They have the right to criticise and question the government
accommodation, reservation and special privileges. E.g. Reservation in jobs for women, differently abled and Scheduled Castes
policies.
and Tribes.
Legitimate Government: A democratic government is a legitimate government as it is elected by the people. Its powers are
(d) Democracy evolves new mechanisms to negotiate differences. E.g. Debates and discussions in the Parliament and public
limited by the constitution in a democratic country. The government has to follow norms and rules while making any decision.
meetings.
They need to follow a proper procedure while trying to make any changes.

Q, 'Democracies are based on political equality but they are not appearing to be very successful in reducing economic
75. What is the effect of globalisation on small producers and workers?
inequalities. The following points analyse the statement.
Or
(a) A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. Their share in the total income of
What major challenges has globalisation posted for small producers and workers?
the country has been increasing.
Ans. The effects of globalisation on small producers and workers are:
(b) The have-nots lead a frugal life and they have very little to depend upon. Their incomes have been declining and they find it
(a) Small producers and workers have been hit hard the most due to the rising competition. Several of the small units have
difficult to meet their basic needs of life.
been shut down thereby rendering many workers jobless.
(c) According to a recent report, India is the second most unequal country in the world with major portion of wealth controlled
by millionaires. (b) Large MNCs especially in the garment industry in Europe and America, order their products from Indian exporters.
(c) They look for the cheapest goods in order to maximize their profits.
(d) The poor constitute a large population of voters. No party wants to lose their votes but they do not seem very interested in
(d) So for getting the large orders from them, the exporters try to cut labour costs-wages given are low, and workers are forced
addressing the question of poverty.
(e) People in several poor countries are dependent on rich countries for food. Bangladesh, being the worst with half of its to work overtime to make both ends meet.
(e) Though MNCs are able to make large profits, the workers are denied their fair share of the benefits of globalisation.
population living in poverty.

17. A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of democratic project. The statement can be
justified by giving the following arguments.
(a) When citizens show their dissatisfaction, it clearly shows that they are actively taking part in democratic projects, because
this system is their own.
(b) A public expression of dissatisfaction shows that people are not just forcefully following or agreeing with whatever they are
told.
(c) It shows that they are enjoying their freedom and hence they are no more subjects but are responsible citizens.
d) Freedom and transformation of people from the status of subjects to that of citizens is the main aim of democracy.
(e) As people get benefits, they ask for more. This makes democracy better.

Q. Democracy is seen to be good in principle but not to be felt so good in practice. The following points will justify the
statement.
Ans-
(a) In a democracy, people expect to have their needs and expectations fulfilled but because every country has a diverse culture
and regions, it not possible to look after everyone's
needs at the same time.
(b) Even though democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion, there are instances where the minority opinions is not taken
into account for a general view.
(c) If there is corruption, people lose faith in the government and do not feel the need to vote which is not healthy for the
country because democracy is a people's government.
(d) Regular elections may lead to change in the ruling party, which causes instability and fall of economic development.
(e) If people are not wise in choosing their representatives then even though there is room to correct mistakes, the country will
suffer and so will the people

73. How have our markets been transformed in recent years? Explain with examples.
Ans. The advent of globalization and the policy of liberalization have opened the market to the world players. It has given rise to
wide choice of goods and services to the consumer. MNCs have played a vital role in the world market.. Foreign trade and
investment in the country has Increased. It has also resulted in exchange of technology Between countries. In recent times,
technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers and internet has been changing rapidly. Globalization has also
created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving in IT. Better job opportunities for
people have given rise to migration. Globalization has also enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals.
For example, Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy have Expanded their operations around the world.

74. Explain how production today is organised in an increasingly complex way by MNC with the help of an example.
Ans. Today, the production is organised in an increasingly complex ways by a MNC. Lets take a example of a large MNC
producing industrial equipments.
(a) To begin with, it design its products in research centres in the United States.
(b) It, then, has the components of the equipments manufactured in China.
(c) After the components are manufactured, they are Shipped to Mexico and Eastern Europe.
(d) Then, the products are assembled in Mexico and Eastern Europe.
(e)The finished products are then sold all over the world.