FACULTY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCE

DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY FIRST SITTING AND SUPPLIMENTARY EXAM

DML05221 – HEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION

DATE: 18/10/2023
TIME: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Read this paper carefully.

2. This paper contains FIVE (5) sections. Section A, B, C, D and E.
3. This paper contains SIX (6) printed pages.
4. Answer all Questions in section A, B, C, D and E.
5. Follow the instructions given on each SECTION carefully.
6. Total Marks is 100.
7. Cellular Phone and any paper work outside the exams room is
prohibited and not allowed.
8. Use Provided booklets for answering the questions.
9. Do not leave with Question paper and Answer sheet out of exam room.

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SECTION A: MULTIPLES CHOICES QUESTIONS.
(20 MARKS)

This section consists of ten (20) questions. Choose the letter of the most
correct answer. There is only one correct answer. 1 (one) mark will be
awarded for each correct answer

1. The morphological classification of anemia is based on;

A. Reticulocyte count.
B. Red blood cell shape.
C. Cause of the anemia.
D. Red blood cell indices.
E. Red blood cell hemoglobin.
2. Which of the following of glacial acetic acid in the CSF diluting fluid?
A. Stain Red blood cell.
B. Lysis Red blood cell.
C. Stain white blood cell.
D. Lysis White blood cell.
E. Stain both Red and White blood cell.
3. Which Red cell inclusions are result of denatured hemoglobin?
A. Heinz bodies.
B. Malaria parasites.
C. Howell-Jolly bodies
D. Basophilic stippling.
E. Pappenheimer bodies.
4. Which of the following is a reason for transfusion reaction?
A. Red blood cell compatibility.
B. Platelet cell compatibility.
C. Adverse reactions of blood cell.
D. Red cell incompatibility.
E. Harmful consequence.
5. When individual inherit hemoglobin S from one parent and hemoglobin
C from another parent, the disorder is known as:
A. Sickle cell trait.
B. Sickle cell disease.
C. White blood cell disorder.
D. Lysis white blood cell.
E. Stain both Red and white blood cell.

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6. Secondary hemostasis starts by the release of tissue factor from?
A. Epithelial or subendothelial cell.
B. Vascular injury.
C. Large wounds.
D. Bone marrow cell.
E. Lymphocyte cell.

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7. Which of the following sequence involve in Intrinsic process: -
A. Agglutination process, Adhesion process and Activation process.
B. Adhesion process, Activation process and Agglutination process.
C. Adhesion process, Activation process and Aggregation process.
D. Activation process, Aggregation process and Adhesion process.
E. Activation process, Adhesion process and Agglutination process.

8. Which of the following method is used to estimate donor’s hemoglobin

levels before blood collection in the field?
A. Colorimetric.
B. Copper II sulphite.
C. Copper II sulphate.
D. Cyanmethemoglobin.
E. Sodium metabisulphite.
9. Packed cell volume used for investigation of: -
A. Typhoid fever.
B. Accident.
C. Meningitis.
D. Dengue fever.
E. Hemorrhagic mensuration.
10. Which of the following is characteristic of chromic RBCs?
A. Any color change in the red blood cells.
B. Variation in shape of the red blood cells.
C. Decreased concentration of red blood cell.
D. Decreased size variation of red blood cells.
E. Decreased haemoglobin content of red blood cell.
11. Total RBC count for Women is?

a. 4.4 - 6 b. 4.2 - 5 c. 4.0 - 5.0 d. 4.2 -

5.2

12. When the entire CBC is suppressed due to either anemia,

infection, or hemorrhage is called?

a. Erythroplasia b. Thrombocytopenia c. Pancytopenia d.

Leukopenia

13. Which test can be used to detect hemolytic anemia?

a. Coombs test b. Genetic testing c. Peripheral blood smear (PBS)
d. Schilling test

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14. All are True of Sickle cell anemia Except

a. Hemolysis is Extravascular b. Is due to a Defective point

mutation

c. Sickling test is confirmatory d. RBC have a life span of 10-20

days

15. All are conditions causing macrocytic anaemia EXCEPT

a. Pernicious anaemia b. Chronic liver disease

c. Post haemorrhagic state. d. G6 PD deficiency

16. Burr cells are

a. Fragmented cells in uraemia b. RBC with Howell-jolly bodies

c. Stippled RBC’s d. Parasited RBC’s

17. Monocytosis in peripheral blood is seen in all conditions except

a. Tuberculosis b. Chrons disease c. AML-

M5

d. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia e. Infectious

mononucleosis

18. A 15-year – old girl has menorrhagia and tendency to bleed from

minor cuts and wounds. PTT and bleeding times are prolonged. She is

likely to be having

a. F-XIII deficiency b. Heamophilia A

c. Platelet function defect d. Von Williebrand’s disease

19. Due estimation is to done in these patients

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 a. Rh positive donor b. Rh negative donor

c. Rh negative recipient d. Rh positive recipient

20. All are primary screening tests for haemorrhagic disorders

except

a. Bleeding time b. Clotting time c. Platelet count d. PT

and PTT

SECTION C: TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS. (10

MARKS)

Answer “T” on the statement which is correct and “F” on the statement
which is incorrect. Half a mark will be awarded for each correct response.

1. Coagulation factor nomenclature.

A. Numbered in order of discovery.

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 B. Assigned by letter and number

C. Synonyms is used
D. Newly discovered factors have names
E. Activated factors are not indicated with “a”
2. Regarding factors of intrinsic pathway: -
A. Prekallikrein
B. FXII
C. FIIa
D. HMWK
E. Thrombin
3. Function of fibrinolysis: -
A. Primarily clotting factor.
B. Proteolytic enzymatic process.
C. Activated enzymatic plasmin.
D. Final stage of coagulation.
E. In the human body act as defense mechanism.
4. Regarding common pathway for intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation: -
A. Begins with tissue factor.
B. Vitamin D is very essential element
C. Complex converts prothrombin to thrombin.
D. Begins with factor FX to FXa.
E. Vitamin K is very essential element.

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SECTION B: MATCHING ITEMS.

(10 MARKS)

Match the items in column B with the corresponding statements in column A

by writing a letter of correct response in the space provided. Each correct
response is awarded one (1) mark. Each item from column B is used only
once.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. RBC A. Crescent like structure

2. Large lymphocyte B. Mean Corpuscular volume
3. Sickle cell C. 1 – 4 days
4. White blood cells D. Crenated cells in shape
5. Monocytosis E. 80 – 120 life spans
6. Poikilocytosis F. Formation of Platelets
7. Thalassemia G. Also known as Leukocyte
8. Neutropenia H. Decrease in number of WBC’s
9. MCV I. Increase in Number of Monocytes
10. Thrombopoiesis J. Formation of Red blood cells
K. Anisocytosis
L. Variation in RBC’s shape
M. Lack in beta or alpha chain
N. Decrease in neutrophils

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTION.

(20 MARKS)

Answer all question in this section.

1. a. Define anticoagulant.
(3 Marks)
b. Mention two common uses of anticoagulant.
(2 Marks)

2. a. What is hemostasis?
(1 Marks)

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 b. Mention four (4) components of hemostasis. (4
Marks)

3. Define the following terms.

(5 Marks)

A. Packed cell volume.

B. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin.

C. Mean corpuscular volume:

D. Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration.

E. Red call Distribution width.

4. a. Define leukemia. (1
Marks)

b. Mention four (4) laboratory type of leukemia. (4

Marks)

SECTION E: ESSAY QUESTION.

(40 MARKS)

This section consists of two (2) questions which are supposed to be

answered in a narrative way. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper
provided; each question should start on a new page.

1. A 28-year-old woman presents for the first time to antenatal clinic at

approximately 34 weeks gestation. Her haemoglobin, white cell count,
and differential are normal but platelet count is 58 x 109/l. The blood
film confirms genuine thrombocytopenia. You are asked to see her by
the obstetrics team.
a. What is thrombocytopenia?
b. What are a platelets normal range?
c. What is the WBC’s normal range?
d. What do the term differentiation means? List the differential cells.
e. How does the neutrophils look like in the blood films?
f. Give out the summary of clotting formation.

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 (20 MARKS)

2. A 33-year-old woman is admitted with symptoms of abdominal pain and

confusion.
Full blood count shows Haemoglobin 90g/L, white blood cell counts 11
x 109/L and platelet count 6 x 109/L. Red cell fragments are noted on
blood film. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is > 1200U/L. Blood group is
A Rhesus D negative.
A provisional diagnosis of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
is made and the patient is referred for plasma exchange following
placement of central line.
a. Define the term blood grouping
b. Tabulate the ABO blood grouping antigen and antibodies.
c. The woman is Blood Group A Rhesus D negative and needs assistant
of transfusion of plasma, plasma of which blood group can be
transfused to this woman?
d. Which is
i. Universal donor
ii. Universal recipient

(20 MARKS)

“WISH YOU ALL THE BEST”

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