UNIVERSITY KUALA LUMPUR BUSINESS SCHOOL
PHILOSOPHY AND CURRENT ISSUES (MPU3192)
PROGRAMME:
BACHELOR IN TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
TITLE:
TUTORIAL
PREPARED BY:
AIDA HUSNA BINTI AWALLUDIN
(62216123195)
GROUP:
TPD28
PREPARED FOR:
MADAM SAKINAH MUNARWARRAH HASHIM
SUBMISSION DATE:
3 JANUARY 2024
TUTORIAL PHILOSOPHY AND CURRENT ISSUES (MPU3192)
Tutorial 1
what is definition of philosophy from your own understanding
= In my understanding, philosophy is the study of fundamental questions regarding existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It seeks to understand and analyze the basic
principles and concepts that underlie all our beliefs and actions
explain the relationship between philosophy , national education philosophy and national
ideology
= The relationship between philosophy, national education philosophy, and national ideology
can be intricate. Philosophy provides a foundation for critical thinking and reasoning. National
Education Philosophy is influenced by the broader philosophical context; it outlines the
principles and goals that guide a country’s educational system. National Ideology is also rooted
in philosophy; it encompasses the beliefs and values that define a nation’s identity. In essence,
general philosophy influences both national education philosophy and national ideology by
providing foundational concepts
Tutorial 2
Describe theoretical and give relevant examples to illustrate your description
= Theoretical Philosophy is the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts and
ideas, often disconnected from practical applications. It seeks to understand the fundamental
nature of reality, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. An example of theoretical
philosophy is metaphysics, which explores fundamental questions about existence and reality
Describe practical philosophy and give relevant examples and illustrate.
= Practical Philosophy focuses on issues that have direct implications for everyday living. It
deals with ethical considerations and moral principles guiding human behavior. An example of
practical philosophy is ethics, which examines ethical issues arising in healthcare and biological
sciences like genetic engineering or end-of-life care
Differentiate theoretical and practical philosophies
= Differentiating between theoretical and practical philosophies can be done based on their
focus. Theoretical philosophy tends to be more abstract and focuses on understanding concepts
at a foundational level while practical philosophy deals with real-world applications and the
moral implications of actions
Describe the role of philosophy to address new life phenomena.
= Philosophy’s role in addressing new life phenomena is to provide frameworks for
understanding and evaluating them. As society evolves, new ethical dilemmas arise (e.g.,
privacy concerns with advancements in technology), which can be addressed through
philosophical inquiry23. Philosophy helps us navigate new life phenomena by providing a
comprehensive view of life that serves as a base, a frame of reference, for all our actions,
mental or physical, psychological or existential
Tutorial 3
Differentiate deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning.
= Deductive reasoning starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the
possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion. It is more black-and-white; if something is
true of a class of things in general, it is also true for all members of that class1.
Inductive reasoning makes broad generalizations from specific observations. Even if all of the
premises are true in a statement, inductive reasoning allows for the conclusion to be false1.
Abductive reasoning begins with an incomplete set of observations and proceeds to the likeliest
possible explanation for the group of observations. It’s based on making and testing hypotheses
using the best information available
Which reasoning method is better? Elaborate your answer.
= There isn’t a “better” method among these; each has its own use cases. Deductive reasoning
is highly reliable but can be limited by the need for clear initial statements or premises. Inductive
reasoning allows more flexibility but can lead to false conclusions. Abductive reasoning is useful
for forming hypotheses under uncertainty but requires validation
Tutorial 4
What is the small similarities of concept of human being in Islamic perspectives and Indian
civilization
= Small similarities between the concept of human beings in Islamic perspectives and Indian
civilization can be found in their spiritual and ethical teachings. Both traditions emphasize the
intrinsic value, dignity, and moral responsibility of individuals
What is the purpose of creation of human beings in Islamic perspectives
= In Islamic perspectives, the purpose of human creation is to worship God, live according to
His guidance, and work towards achieving moral excellence and spiritual enlightenment
What is the definition and responsibilities of vicegerent of God
= The vicegerent of God refers to a person who acts as a representative or deputy on earth. In
Islamic context, humans are considered as vicegerents of God on earth. Their responsibilities
include upholding justice, moral values, and taking care of the environment
Tutorial 5
What is the definition of Metaphysics from the philosophical approach and religious perspective
= Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality,
existence, and the universe. It explores abstract concepts that are beyond the physical world 1.
In religion, metaphysics often deals with the existence of a higher power or powers, spiritual
beings, and other aspects of life beyond the physical world
Explains the definition of Metaphysics and the example from Aristotle
= Aristotle, one of the most famous philosophers, discussed metaphysics as “first philosophy,”
focusing on concepts like substance, cause and purpose, potentiality and actuality.
Differentiate the metaphysics concept of polytheism, atheism and monotheism
= Polytheism is a belief system that acknowledges the existence of multiple gods or deities,
each having distinct attributes and responsibilities 1. Atheism, on the other hand, denies the
existence of any god or divine being and asserts a naturalistic view of the universe 1.
Monotheism, in contrast, believes in one all-powerful God who is the creator and ruler of
everything
Tutorial 6
Explain the relationship between man and nature in the context of ancient cosmology and
current ecology
= The relationship between man and nature has been a topic of discussion since ancient times.
In ancient cosmology, man and nature were seen as harmonious and complementary to each
other. Man perceived his creator in nature and felt part of it 1. However, as time passed, man’s
relationship with nature changed. He learned that he could alter nature and interpret it in
different ways 2. In current ecology, the relationship between man and nature is more complex.
Man’s actions have led to environmental degradation, climate change, and other ecological
problems. The current focus is on sustainable development and conservation of natural
resources
Explain beliefs and the relationship between man and god in the context of theology, beliefs and
spiritually.
= In theology, beliefs, and spirituality, the relationship between man and God is a central theme.
Different religions have different beliefs about God or gods, soul, afterlife, and other aspects of
life beyond the physical world 3. The relationship between man and God is often seen as one of
dependence, reverence, and worship
Elaborate the role of metaphysis to understand our universe.
= Metaphysics plays a crucial role in understanding our universe. It is a branch of philosophy
that deals with the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and the universe. It explores
abstract concepts that are beyond the physical world 2. Metaphysics helps us understand the
nature of the universe, the existence of a higher power or powers, and other aspects of life
beyond the physical world 3. It provides a framework for understanding the relationship between
man and nature, man and God, and other fundamental aspects of life
Tutorial 7
What is definition of ideology
= Ideology is a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or
political theory and policy. It can also refer to the set of beliefs characteristic of a social group or
individual.
What is the difference of modernism and postmodernism
= Modernism is a cultural movement that emerged in the late 19th century and lasted until the
mid-20th century. It was characterized by a focus on individualism, experimentation, and
rejecting traditional values and conventions. While Postmodernism emerged in the 20th century
as a reaction to the foundations of Modernism. It challenged the notion that there are universal
certainties or truths and opted for a more sceptical approach to reason that questioned the
idealist mindset of Modernism.
Why past modernism reject modernism
= Postmodernism rejected Modernism because it believed that Modernism’s emphasis on
reason and idealism was flawed. Postmodernism argued that the world was too complex and
diverse to be understood through a single lens and that the idealist mindset of Modernism was
too limiting.
Tutorial 8
What is the definition of colonialism and decolonization
= Colonialism refers to the practice of establishing control over a territory and its people by an
external power, often for economic exploitation, political dominance, or cultural assimilation. It
involves the settlement of people from the colonizing country into the colonized region,
imposition of the colonizers' culture, institutions, and governance on the indigenous population,
and often the suppression or erasure of local cultures and practices.
Decolonization, on the other hand, is the process of undoing colonialism. It involves reclaiming
sovereignty, independence, and self-determination for the colonized territories or groups.
Decolonization seeks to dismantle the structures and legacies of colonial rule, both politically
and culturally, and restore autonomy and agency to the indigenous or colonized population.
Why do we need decolonization, especially in terms of the educational system?
= Recognizes and integrates indigenous knowledge, languages, and histories into the
curriculum.
Affirms self-identity and pride by reflecting diverse cultural perspectives.
Diversifies education to provide a balanced understanding of history and societal norms
Ensures equal access to quality education, addressing disparities in resources.
Acknowledges historical injustices, fostering healing and reconciliation among diverse groups.
