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HCI: Reasoning & Problem Solving

This document discusses concepts related to thinking, reasoning, and problem solving in human-computer interaction. It covers: - Types of thinking including conscious and unconscious thought as well as thinking with varying amounts of knowledge. - Types of reasoning such as deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. - Theories of problem solving including Gestalt theory, problem space theory, and the use of analogy. It provides details on each theory and their perspectives on problem solving processes. - The document serves as lecture notes for a class on human-computer interaction, citing additional reference materials. It aims to explain fundamental cognitive concepts relevant to designing effective human-technology experiences.

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Muhammad Mubshar Nazir
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99 views13 pages

HCI: Reasoning & Problem Solving

This document discusses concepts related to thinking, reasoning, and problem solving in human-computer interaction. It covers: - Types of thinking including conscious and unconscious thought as well as thinking with varying amounts of knowledge. - Types of reasoning such as deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. - Theories of problem solving including Gestalt theory, problem space theory, and the use of analogy. It provides details on each theory and their perspectives on problem solving processes. - The document serves as lecture notes for a class on human-computer interaction, citing additional reference materials. It aims to explain fundamental cognitive concepts relevant to designing effective human-technology experiences.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Mubshar Nazir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


Human Computer Interaction
BIT-3601

Lecture [03] : Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

[Link] Hamid
(Lecturer)

Date: April 30, 2020


Contents
In this lecture we are going to understand the following concepts
 Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)
• Thinking
• Reasoning
• Problem solving
• Gestalt theory
• Problem space theory
• Use of analogy

Human Computer Interaction (HCI) 3


Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Thinking
• Humans are able to use information to reason and solve problems and indeed do these
activities when the information is partial or unavailable

• Human thought is conscious and self-aware: while we may not always be able to
identify the processes we use

• In addition, we are able to think about things of which we have no experience, and
solve problems which we have never seen before

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Thinking
Thinking can require different amounts of knowledge

• Some thinking activities are much directed and the knowledge required is
constrained

• Others require vast amounts of knowledge from different domains

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Reasoning

• Reasoning is the process by which we use the knowledge we have to draw conclusions
or infer something new about the domain of interest.
• There are different types of reasoning:
1. Deductive
2. Inductive
3. Abductive

1. Deduction
• Deductive reasoning derives the logically necessary conclusion from the given premises
• The logical conclusion does not have to correspond to our notion of truth
• The human deduction is weak at the points where truth and validity clash

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Reasoning

2. Induction
Inductive reasoning is generalizing from cases we have seen to infer information
about cases we have not seen.
In practice, induction is used to fill in missing details while reasoning.

3. Abduction
Abduction reasons from a fact to the action or state that caused it.
Abduction is used to derive explanations for the events we observe.

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Problem solving
Problem solving is the process of finding a solution to an unfamiliar taste, using the
knowledge we have.
There are different views on problem solving:
1. Gestalt theory
2. Problem space theory
3. Use of analogy

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Problem solving
1. Gestalt theory

• Gestalt view that problem solving involves both reuse of knowledge and insight needed to
solve a problem
• The Gestalt theory states that problem solving is both productive and reproductive
• Reproductive problem solving draws on previous experience
• productive problem solving involves insight and restructuring of the problem.
• Although Gestalt theory is attractive in terms of its description of human problem solving, but
it does not provide sufficient evidence or structure to support its theories
• It does not explain when restructuring occurs or what insight needed

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Problem solving
2. Problem space theory

• A second major theory, proposed in the 1970s by Newell and Simon


• According to this theory, it takes the view that the mind is a limited information processor
• The problem space comprises problem states, and problem solving involves generating
these states using legal state transition operators
• The problem has an initial state and a goal state
• people use the operators to move from the initial state to the goal state.

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Thinking: Reasoning and problem solving (HCI)

Problem solving

3. Use of analogy

• Problems are solved by mapping knowledge relating to a similar known


domain to the new problem

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
References
1. Human-Computer Interaction, by Alan Dix, 3rd Edition , Chapter 01, Section 1.4

2. [Link]
notes/hci-notes-all-units-1/3707695/view

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Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
THANKS

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