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Evaluation of Cinnamon oil, Peppermint oil , Cardamom oil and Orange oil as
antimicrobial agent
Article in Journal of Pharmacy Research · January 2010
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Sambalpur University Gayatri College of Pharmacy
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Smaranika Pattnaik et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010, 3(2),
Research Article
ISSN: 0974-6943 Available online through
www.jpronline.info
Evaluation of cinnamon oil, peppermint oil, cardamom oil & orange oil as antimicrobial agent
Smaranika Pattnaik*, Dipti Kanta Padhan, Goutam Kumar Jana
*Department of Microbiology, Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Jamadarpali, Sason, Sambalpur, Orissa, 768200
Received on: 08-09-2009; Revised on: 18-10-2009; Accepted on:09-01-2010
ABSTRACT
The essential oil of Cinnamon, Peppermint, Cardamom and Orange tested against Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Candida albicans a strain isolated from regular patients of V.S.S. medical college Burla. Attempts have been made for determination of Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration as well as the antimicrobial activity. It was found that Cinnamon oil have marked antimicrobial activity againstEcherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus, Candida albicans.
Keywords: Essential oil, disc diffusion method, MIC
INTRODUCTION
Essential oil of Cinnamon, Peppermint, Cardamom and Or- Bacteria:
ange are obtained from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae), Men-
tha piperita (Labiatae), Elettaria cardamomum (Zingiberaceae) and The bacteria strains aswell as one yeast like fungi, Escheri-
Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) plants respectively. The major compo- chia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
nents of Cinnamon oil are Cinnamaldehyde (60-70%), eugenol (5- Candida albicans were isolated (from those patients’ sample who
10%), benzaldehyde, cuminaldehyde. The important constituents of were regular visitors) and identified by Department of Microbiology,
Peppermint oil are menthol (80%), menthone, menthofuran, jasmone. V.S.S. Medical College, Burla.
The important aromatic compounds present in Cardamom are cineole,
borneol, terpineol. Orange oil contains limonene, aldehyde, citral and Media:
citronella [1].
The media used for culture of bacteria were Nutrient Agar
These four oils are used as carminative, stomachic, stimu- and Broth, Mac-Conkey Agar and broth and Sodium Taurocholate
lant, aromatic and antiseptic [2]. Cinnamon oil have strong inhibitory salt as diluent .These were procured from Hi-Media, Mumbai.
activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria [3]. Pep-
permint oil is effective against different pathogens [4]. Cardamom oil Screening of the Essential Oil for the Anti-bacterial Activity:
is effective against human pathogens [5]. Orange oil have wide range
of antimicrobial activity[6]. This paper report the antimicrobial activ- For sensitivity test of microorganisms towards the oils was
ity of Cinnamon oil, Peppermint oil, Cardamom oil and Orange oil screened by following the paper-disc method. The zone of inhibition
against Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas (diameter in mm) in triplicates was measured and the mean value (µ)
aeruginosa and Candida albicans. was tabulated [7] [8].
MATERIALS & METHODS: Determination of M.I.C. Value:
Essential Oil: Various concentrations of essential oils were taken ranging
from 0.01 µl -20µl / ml in final concentration (v/v) by following tube-
The Cinnamon oil, Peppermint oil, Cardamom oil and Orange dilution method. Sodium Taurocholate salt was taken as diluent for
oil obtained from the Department of Pharmacognosy, GCP, Sambalpur. the oil at a concentration of 0.4% (w/v).The lowest concentration of
the drug preventing the visible turbidity was determined as MIC value.
Dilution Effect of the Drug:
*Corresponding author.
Dr. (Mrs.) Smaranika Pattnaik, Dilution is an important factor of a drug for its antimicrobial
Department of Microbiology, efficacy. So a dilution test was done with the MIC value of the oil. The
Gayatri College of Pharmacy, MIC tubes were diluted in double fold with fresh Mac-Conkey broth
Jamadarpali, Sason, & were kept in incubator at 370C for 24 hours. Then subcultures were
Sambalpur-768200. made onto fresh Mac-Conkey Agar plates to check the viability of the
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[email protected] Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.3.Issue 2.February 2010
Smaranika Pattnaik et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010, 3(2),
treated bacterial cells. The plates were also incubated at 370C for 72 Illustration - 2
Inhibition zone of diluted oils(diameter in mm)
hours for observation.
Zone of inhibition in mm
20
Table 1. Neat oil vs microorganism 18
16 Cardamom
14
Name of the microorganism Inhibition zone of microorganism by essential oil 12 Cinnamon
10
(diameter in mm) 8 Peppermint
Cardamom Cinnamon Peppermint Orange 6
4 Orange
2
Echerichia coli R 26.67 11.67 R 0
albicans
Staphylococcus
Candida
Pseudomonas
Echerichia coli
Pseudomonas aureginosa 7.66 8.66 R R
aureginosa
Staphylococcus aureus R 26.33 18.33 R
aureus
Candida albicans R 39.32 13.33 11.66
Table 2. Diluted oil (1:3) vs microorganism
Microorganisms
Name of the microorganism Inhibition zone of microorganism by essential oil
(diameter in mm)
Cardamom Cinnamon Peppermint Orange
Echerichia coli R 16.67 11.67 R
Pseudomonas aureginosa R R R R
Staphylococcus aureus R 13.0 16.67 R
Candida albicans 7.33 18.33 8.67 R
Table 3. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of oils against microor-
ganisms
Name of the microorganism Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of oil
(µl/ml, v/v) against microorganisms
Cardamom Cinnamon Peppermint Orange
(Effect of Cinnamon against Staphylococcus aureus)
Echerichia coli 3.32 4 5 >20
Pseudomonas aureginosa 12.3 11 >20 >20
Staphylococcus aureus 8 2.1 2.25 >20
Candida albicans 3.15 1 2.25 >20
Illustration - 1.
Zone of inhibition of neat oil (in mm)
zone of inhibition in mm
45
40
35 Cardamom
30
25 Cinnamon
20 Peppermint (Effect of Peppermint against Staphylococcus aureus)
15
10 Orange
5 and Peppermint oil were 4µl/ml, 5µl/ml respectively for Echerichia
0 coli. The lowest value was 1µl/ml for Candida albicans with Cinna-
albicans
Candida
Pseudomonas
Echerichia coli
Staphylococcus
mon oil and highest value was 12.3µl/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
aureginosa
with Cardamom oil. Orange oil was found to be ineffective at a con-
aureus
centration of 20µl/ml against the entire microorganism tested. (Table
3). In addition to this it was observed that the essential oils (Carda-
Microorganisms
mom, Cinnamon and Peppermint) had bactericidal as well as fungi-
cidal activity as evidenced by sub cultured plate from Minimum In-
hibitory Concentration tubes.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Cinnamon and Peppermint oils in neat were effective against
Echerichia coli but Cardamom and Orange were found to be ineffec- The authors are highly thankful to Director, Gayatri College
tive against the bacterium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to of Pharmacy, for providing the laboratory facilities to carry out the
be inhibited by Cardamom and Cinnamon oils in neat form. Staphylo- experiments smoothly and his support as well as his encouragement
coccus aureus and Candida albicans were found to be very sensi- for completion of this work.
tive towards Cinnamon oils also in neat form (Table 1). When the oils
were tested in diluted form (1:3), Echerichia coli showed moderately REFERENCES
sensitiveness towards Cinnamon and Peppermint oils. Staphylococ-
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Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.3.Issue 2.February 2010
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Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared
Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.3.Issue 2.February 2010
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