‘May, 2020 Abstract The main objective of this cument research article cimed to provide more ‘formation about creativity skills that are among the foremost sought-after life and work lls within the 2st century as innovative thinking, problem-solving, or enitical thinking ability is that the critically preliminary abibty of world citizens in diversified societies. ‘Human resource development in past years, therefore, stresses the promotion of creative thinking ability, because the “brain” will substitute “stensth” within the Inowledge ‘economy era with fiewely intemational competition. Creativeness will make someone move “sideways” to de different perceptions, different concepts, and different points of entry. ‘They willuse various methods including provocations to unravel the issues. Creativeness xhas mm cho tryto with perception toplace forward different views. The various views dont seem to be derived each from the opposite but are independently produced. During this ‘sense, creativeness has got to do with exploration even as perception has got to do with exploration 1. Introduction ‘he world and society are advancing at aremarkable pace. We need to equip ourselves with ‘the ability to adapt to this trend, not to hold back We can achieve great success by facing challenges and responding to them with anew way of thinking and self-confidence. The cbilty to apply creative thinking in both a digital and non-digital environment has become a characteristic of saccessfal people nowadays. Information technology is rapidly developed in the 2st contury, and innovative thinking, wwoblem-solving, ox citical thinking ability isthe critically preliminary ability of world citizeus im diversified societies, Haman resource development im past years therefore stresses thepromotion of creative thinking ability, as the “brain” will substitute “strength” in the knowledge ecomomy era with fiercely international competition. Chemg-Shih Lin (2016) According to Stemberg and Labart (1996), creativity refers to the capacity for coping with a given problem in aathentic ways. Such capacity is about looking at a specific simation and problem from dlifferent perspectives. Creativity is beyond creating out of nothing since anew idea or thought is oftena variation version of amolder thoaght ora combination of thoughts known or possessed previously. Thus, creativity can be defined as synthesizing previous thoughts and redefining previous thoughts (Bessis 1973). Creativity is a basic skill included im all aspects of mman beings’ Life and the evolution of bnman beings (San 1995). According to Tomance (1974), creativity is “being sensitive to problems, insuificiencis, zhortage of formation, nonexistent elements and incompatibility; identifying challenges, seeking for solutions, estimation and hypothesizing or modifying hypothesizes in relation with insafficiencies, selecting and trying ‘one of the solutions, retrial, and concluding accordingly” (cited by Aslan 2001). Seelang an ‘answer to" Whats creativity?” Repucci found around 50-60 definitions in the literature in early 1960s (Parkhanst, 1999). 2. Methodology ‘This research is an integrative study as adopted the survey method. We will perform a systematic review ofthe currentliteratare on the Creative Thinking databaseto identify relevant ‘articles and will be supplemented by a review of the references of relevant articles identified. 3, Discnssion 3... Creative Thinking A definition of creativeness is defined as a way to seem at and solve problems from a singular perspective, avoiding orthodox soltions and thinking outside the box. Ths creative process allows you to discover connections, meet new challenges and seek resolutions that are ‘uncommon, original and newSeveral consider that creative thinking techniques are built on experience and Imowledge, inclading Steve Jobs: Creativity is just concerning things. When you ask creative people how they did something, they fee] a little guilty becanse they did uot really do it, they just saw something. It seemed obvious to them after a while. That is because they were able to comect experiences they have had and synthesis new things. Moreover, the reason they were able to do that was that they had had more experiences, orthey have thought more about their experiences. than other people have. After that, we have to understand that creative thinking is a sidll we need toimprove primary on. We have to be ready to break the patterns and traditional way of thinking to be ready to start thinking ina creative way. The way thats go to facilitates yon to create a brand-new approach. to aselectedsit ation oran issue. Starting withthis methodtoo soon guarantees more experience as you leern ftom many varions examples, asyon become growmp. So Creative thinking is: A way of observing problems or situations from a fresh perspective that means unorthodox solntions (which may lookrunsettling a first). Creative thinking are often stinm lated both by an unstmctured process like brainstorming, and by a stmctured process like heuristic program. ‘Moreover, it can be mean observing something during a new way. It's the very definition of “thinking outside the box.” Often, creativity during this sense involves what's called heuristic program, or the power to perceive patterns that aren obvious. The fictional detective Sherlock ‘Holmes uses heuristic program in one famous story when he realizes that adoguot barking is a very important suggest a murder case. Atthe best level, “creative” means bringing into being something that was not there hefore and, has bean brought into being. The word “creativity Creative skills needed to alter concepts and perceptions. ware a large range of various skillInmost descriptions of problem-solving, there's ually 2 step called “search for alternatives” ‘This suggests that creativity is required during this step. Creativity is poorly understood and difficult to show but there are positive techniques that everybody can leam. Edward de Bono notes creative techniques like focus, challenge, altematives, concepts, etc. De Bono, E. (1993). (Creativity should take is place alongside onr other methods of handling information. Someone sitting down with the deliberate intention of generating a concept in an exceedingly certain area then proceeding to use an ingenions thinkmg techie systematically should represent & traditional state of affairs (Creative thinking will make an individual move “sideways” to undertake different perceptions, different concepts, and different points of entry. They willuse various methods inch ding provocations to resolve the ises. Creative thinking hes considerably to try to do ‘with perception to place forward different views. The various views are not derived each from the opposite but ae independently prodaced. Daring this sense, cbilty mast do with exploration even as perception amst do with exploration. Idea fhrency is thatthe ability to comeup with alarge mmber of ideas fiom which to sete con. Research has indicated thatthe more ideas one has the greater is thatthe lelihood of finding ausable solstion. Delaying evaluation of the ideas during the method of generating ideas can facilitate idea flnency. Students can make notes, records their observations and opinions of problems during thanks to assist within the process of idea finency. A distinct way of developing idea fnency is touse special times or locations daring which students tend to create a discussion during a creative way. 3.2. There arethree aspects to creativity: Be Det etd ~~A Definingthe Focus ‘There is also problems that arise and identify themselves. Individuals make definite creative focuses. There is also a noticeable creative need. Of these are ways within which creative focuses cam emerge. B-Siucture for Creative Thinking Once the creative focus has been defined, it are offen subjected to deliberate ability. This may be done by groups, individuals, or a mix of both in a very discussion session among group members. It often happens that the group that has the priority or problem wall organize its own Aeliberate ability cession to tackle a combination C-Evaluation and Implementation ‘The group that has the creative foous might also be involved in evaluating the ideas that start deliberate creative thinking. In such cases, the process is continuous. If the “thinking” group is different from the “implementation” group, attention nut be paid to the transfer of ideas 20 those expected to act on the thought are brought in at an early enough stage to feel some ownership within the new ideas. Learning with creativity is vital tobe creative at each stage of dialogue. The definition of a thinking task mmst be creative. The stmcture for applying the thinking process must be creative. The output of the thinking effort must be creative. Finally, the evaluation and implementation mast be creative. Creative thinking needs a framework of the appliance. Otherwise, students arenot visiting find themselves in avery position where they ‘ae expected to comenp with new ideas. Regardless of how good the techniques maybe, if they ‘ae notused, theyare going to not achieve much. (Awang, and Ramly, 2008) also, they mention that Problem-based learning (PBL) as an Instmctional model that might encourage creativity skills dozing the training process.Teas, prior knowledge, learning issues 24 Self-tirected Kdentify Problem Learning Group Discussion Problem SolvingDecision Debrief the Problem (Smidents [nteraction, Applying Generic Skills) Assessment Final Solution, Fig. | Flowchart of Problem Solving Process in PBLBiainstormmng to identify problem, Search FF generate a list of ideas to explore, put into question format and focus on investigation Generate and implement plans for finding a solution, develope critical Solve and creative thinking skills, form hypothesis, select the method for solving the problem. collect data and analyze ‘Student create a product ina small scale to the problem solution, reduce Create FF the data to simpler levels of explanation, present the results as creatively as possible such using charts, poster or model. Students commumicate their findings, solution and conchisions with Share teacher and students, articulate their thinking, receive feedback and evaluate the solutions. Fig2 Model SSCS Byusing & Flowchart of Problem Solving Process (figl) and SSCS (ig2) model specifically for science instmetiom on the premise that for an isoue to be mesningfa|to a sdent3.3. Chamcteristics of creativethinkers incinde a They are communicators Creativity and confidence are expressed in some ways through both listening and ‘communicating. This is often why creative thinkers are good communicators. Collaboration is additionally important for this type of thinking, and good communication is cmeial for work performed as an element of ateam. b- They are open-minded An open mind could bea mind that appreciates criticism, is prepared for brand new solutions and concepts, and is not frightened of evaluating ideas, An individual who is open-minded is willing to be told ftom both snocesses and mistakes, having the ability to grow and develop. c- They are risktakers Exploring new ideas and techniques is impossible without risk-taking, as a willingness to face challenges and accept change. Creative thinkers are resilient, and that they do not seem to be ternified of taking an opportunity, knowing that one has to be brave when exploring imovative and original ways of brooding about and solving problems. They know that leaving a temperature is typically necessary to succeed, whether or not it means facing the unknown. a They are knondedgeable To develop an understanding of things and situations, yon would like a background story. Knowledge allows creative thinkers to determine the total picture, which is why they know lots about the world they add and thet they are experts in whet they are doing, and also the and wha they base their expertise on. ¢- They are flexible Abilities to adapt to changes and think outside the standard pattems are parts of creative thinking, which is why being lexcble could be a characteristic trait of creative thinkers. Thaywelcome changes; they are not pettified of changing their method of labor, and that they are good at working with others. 3.4. The main benefits of developing creative thinking incde ~ Increase your self-confidence - Solve problems more efficiently ~ Eam respect > Be an imovator + Make a difference ~ Be more successful at work, 3.5, Creative thinking techniques ‘As animmovative way of approachingand analy zing ideas, creative problem solving became ‘a essential sldll for the 21st century. Although some people might seem more creative than others might, this skill is something that is developed and improvedusing various techniques and practices. © Brains orming : ‘This technique includes thinking about something and putting down all the ideas that come to your mind-regardless of how silly or unrelated they may seem initially. During this ocean of ideas, you're guaranteed to find one which will stand out, one which will be tangible and innovative. Used as a personal or medical practice, brainstorming could be a good way to develop creativity and problem-solving. It encourages thinking during a different way and exploring many options that may be applied therein situation. The more options come to your mind, the potential you may need to find great ideas «Mind mapping : ‘Mind mapping'is that the process of connecting the dots. While brainstorming invalves mtting b down as they p vourmind, mind mapping is about amanoing yourthoughts, thinking during a logical way, using associations, recognizing patterns, and creating an order. All that cluster of ideas from brainstorming should move in mind mapping. This exercise engages both theleft andright hemispheres of the brain; itenconrages you to give some ‘thought to the connection between aspects and concepts. It also inclades a positiveinflaence on organizational skills. © Reframing: Since reframing fouses on analyzing the identical situation or an isme fom a wniqe perspective, it is a excellent exercise for developing creative thinking. Reframing means changing the frame of things, so you may have to examine an isme or a situation during a different way, to be able to come up with a brand new, innovative approach. Explore other meanings of things, analyze the context, spread the angle to identify new opportunities, and expect potential obstacles. Again, this exercise and way of thinking are applicable in many professions nowadays. + Envisagingthe future : ‘The goal of this exercise is to prepare your mind to anticipate the future supported the pictures of today. Start with this simation. Regardless if you Te using images or data to know it, try and ive some thought to the longer term and where you would like the fiture to reqpize you ‘Through this process, you'll haveto craste bridges from present to future, and this can be where creativity comes in useful, as ideas to beat gaps become solutions that may take you to the required future and facilitate your achieve your goals. * Role-play: The technique of using role-play is a great way to vary the way you Te thinking and explore tme from a special perspective. creativethinking encourages you to be open-minded, so whenusing ‘this method, you'll ty and considertrue from the purpose of somebody else you wish to reframe ‘your way of thinking to determine a distinct perspective of things, to vary the attitude and findnew solations that reassess your limits and overcome your persoual variety of problem-solving. Assuming a replacement role encourages you to come backup with solutions that may not be ‘typical for yon, but they're what yon wish for creative problem-solving. © Lotus blossom technique: ‘This technique inch des intial witha central theme or problem and dealing extemal using ever- widening cicles or"petals." Centralthemes cause ideas that themselves become central hemes, and then forth. The relating themes activate new ideas and new themes. * COCD-Bor: The COCD (Centre for development of creative thinking) has developed an extremely handy tool to select out ideas and stop loss. We necessity think of that at the stmctuze of practically each model change stood an ‘impossible’ or apparently unsuitable’ idea. The COCD-box ‘assistanices you toprevent the Crea-Dox-you Te thinking that of agreeable new ideas, uptill nowyou choose on the old ones (well-known resolutions) to prevent that, a classification can be made employing a matrix: the COCD-box. The matrix has 2 exes: 2. Originality b Ease of implementation YELOW ideas eae he dear changes ston he bro ‘emoraw ied impcsiisia te inpiamant how?| Nor ote ‘jl ideas © Hundred enrotes : Allocating points may be a relatively cold way of scoring idezs. Money is very important for people than other things. The notion of paying money grabs their attention and that they are Tather more carefn] about deciding a way to allocate it. Attention on money also reminds people of the ultimate goal of most creative and inventive activities: to create a profit and sustain the hasiness. © Sixthinking hats: tis common technique created by Edward de Bono and could beused it in different types of thinking and individuals would feel inhibited by taking these roles without prior legelly, And‘we cause it to encourage more than other thinking processes. You can use it to discover ideas ‘when choosing which to take forward. And also you cam explore how other people will react ‘when you try te go with your idea. © Random ingat : Tt is a lateral thinking tool that is very useful when you need new ideas or fresh viewpoints chiing problem-solving Random input is a technique for connecting another thinking outline into the one we are using. Besides with this new pattem derives all the lnowledge you have Tnked tot « PINC filer: ‘Use the PINC (Positives, Intriguing, Negatives, Concerning) Filter when you have created a umber of ideas andyou want to select those to move tothe next step of development. Only use ‘the PINC filter after you have reduced the mmber of ideas to a very shortlist. Each PINC ‘valuation is not short, and evaluating many ideas would take more time. © NUF (New Usefal Feasible)test : ‘This testused when you want fo @ickly check that an idea that has been selected is likely to be effective and work in practice. And you cam use it when you want to be more creative, developing the idea or getting something that you will be able to implement. So this type is a ‘very simple quick check that you canuse and criteria are already selected in only three of them. 3.6. Top Creative Thinking Skills © Analysis : Before thinking creatively about something, you initially must be ready to know it. This needs ‘the flexibility to look at things carefully to know what they mean. Whether you're observing a text, a data set, alesson plan, or an equation, you would like to be ready to analyze it first. © Open-MindednessCreativity involves thinking of things daring a novel way within the context of the question. ‘You have got to line aside any assumptions or biases you'll have, and appearance af things dating a completely new way. By coming to anisme with an open mind, you pemmit yourself ‘he prospect to think creatively + Problem Solving Employers dont simply want to rent creative people becanse theyre impressive. They need. creative employees who willhelp them to resolve work-relatedismes. Therefore, when applying for jobs, highlight your ability not only to think creatively but also to use your creativity to resolve important problems. © Organization: ‘This influence sound guess: arent creative people known for being somewhat disorganized? Really, the organization is a very imperative a part of creativity. While you may mst get a jouch messy when trying out abrand new idea, you then must organize your ideas in order that others are going to be ready to understand and follow through together with your vision having ‘he ability to stmctare an iea of action with clear goals and deadlines is important Comm nication; People wall only appreciate your creative idea or solution if you be able to commnnicateit «effectively to the people you're employed with (orto your clients or vendors). Therefore, you ‘would like to own strong written and auditory communication skills. Doyle (2019) you also must be ready to understand a situation fully before thinkang creatively about it. Therefore, you. furthermore may mast be an hones listener. By asking the proper questions and understanding ‘the matter, you'll be able to come up with a singular solution. 3.7, Examples of Creative Thinking Doyle (2019) found Opportunities for creative thought within the workplace vary from the ‘apparent artistic position to the highly technical one. Generally, anything thatinvolves an “Aba”moment is taken into account creative. Here are some samples of the way to display power in several jobs. © Antistic Creativity : You donotbe an artist for your workto possess an inventive element. Perhaps you amange retail displays for optimum impact or shape the trail of an attractive hiking trail. Other creatively professions maybe enclose designing logos, writing advertising copy, creating the packaging for aproduct, or drafting aphone scriptfora fundraising drive. Creatinga new fundraising script for volunteers « Composing dialogue for a television or radio commercial «Creating an exam to test sindent Imowledge + Creating packaging for a product « Designing alogo «+ Devising a lesson plan that will engage students «Proposing anew lock for a clothing lime «© Writing compelling copy for a print or online advertisement © Creative Problem-Solving : Creative problem-solvingis considered innovative so a creative solver willfind new solutions ‘im place of identifying and implementing the standard only. You would possibly brainstorm new waysto ont energy use, find new ways to chop costs daring a budget crisis or develop novel Litigation strategy to defend a client. These all entail power on your part. © Creativity in STEM Gcience, technology, engineering, and math) : Some people think of science and engineering as the careful opposite of art and creativity. However, the converse is real. The field of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) is highly creative For example, designmg a more efficient assembly line robot, wniting an innovative new computer program, or developing a testable hypothesis, are all highly creativeacts. Actually, the history of science and technology is filled with projects that did not work, not becanse of errors in techniqne or methodology, nt becanse people remained, stack in ‘their assumptions and old habits. The STEM field needs essential creativity in order to flourish and grow. 3.8, Creative vs Critical Thinking ‘The Critical and creative fonctions of the mind are so interwoven that neither is separated from the opposite without an important loss to both. Generally, creative thinking is correlated ‘with critical thinking and problem-solving. Actually, there are three dimensions of creative thinking as synthesizing, atticulétion and imagination having the subsequent qualities (Rhodes, 1961; Sternberg, 2009) 1- Synthesising: It involves forming the old and new Imowledge or expanding the present Tnowledge with the assistance of the new one, constmcting nmsuel relationships to supply authentic solutions, and make thought concrete with the assistance of imagination and use of the materials 1) Articulation: It involves forming the old and new knowledge or expanding the present Anowledge with ihe assistance of the new one, constructing umsual relationships to supply authentic solttions, and make thought concrete with the assistance of imagination and use of ‘the materials 3. Imagination: Imagination: This dimension is consisted of constructing aelationship between valid and Teliable thoughts, presenting flexible ways of thought with the assistance of imagination, to Tetum up with different insights during idea proda cing process. Based ou the scopes of the creative thinking, its general featzes can be listed as the folowing (Gilbooly, Ball & Macchi, 2015; Kember & Leung, 2009; Lin, He & Li, 2015);» Flexibility > Anthenticity > Multiple thinking = Wondering = Thinking fast and independent = To be open to criticism = Rationalism > Being suspicious = To comeup with different solutions = To realize and define the problem & To suggest possible solntions Certainly, critical thinking skills involve identification and analysis of informational sources for credibility, indicating previous Imowledge andmaking connections and deducingto conclusions (Thurman, 2009). Presently, the general characteristics of critical thinking can be listed as the following; = Reasoning and suspecting > Looking at situations from nm ltiple perspectives and dimensions = To be open to changes and imovations = To look at thoughts without premdices = Being open minded » Thinking analytically = Paying attention to detailsAdvantages of critical thinking: x People who are critical thinkers think freely and independently » People don’t behave without thinking > Indivitmals can state the problem explicitly: (Demirel, 2012). ‘In educational viewpoint both critical and creative thinking skills should be developed becanse im each division of area, to analyze a dismassion «Creative thinking is described as: ' Making and comnecting links to think of many possibilities + Thinking and experiencing in varions ways and use different points of view + Thinking of mew and unusual possibilities and giving guidance in generating and selecting altematives + Crbical thinking is described as: + analyzing and developing possibilities to compare and contrast many ideas + improve and refine ideas + make effective decisions and judements ‘provide a sound foundation for affective action * The Creative Process Some other mockups have been planned, int one common theme is that the creative process involves: Analysis (breaking down the problem/issue into smaller more easily understandable parts) “Evaluation (determin .g Whether an item or activity meats specified criteria) sImagination (forming images and ideas in the mind) ‘+Synthesis (combining existing ideas/concepts into something new) © Critical and Creative Thinking Process + Both creative and critical thinking involve the use of high order thinking skills + In the creative process one uses + Creative thinking skills (synthesis and imazination) in the research and verification phases ‘+ Critical thinking skills (analysis and evaluation) in the incubation and illumination phases 4. Conch sion From this research, we could conchde that creativity shalls are among the foremost sou ght- after life and work skills within the 21st century as an umovative way of approaching and analyzing ideas, problem-solving, or critical thinking, and this skill could be developed and improved using various techniques and practices.