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Lecture1 3

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Mustafa Alhumayre
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57 views44 pages

Lecture1 3

Uploaded by

Mustafa Alhumayre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ard Innere Laplace “Tranrforms Laplace “Transform Laplace tan s-form technrqucs provide Powerful tools hwneraus fields of technele9) Sach as Contre] Theory where Krevledse of System Hansfer Puaction iy essential and th laplace fransform comet inte it, hin. 4b fiw represents Some x prettion In T defined for cpe, thn the Laplace transform of ce) 1s Fes) = L rte = f eh dt tee The fatancte- s is atfumed to be postitide and tage eneush fo ensure that K Integra) converges - In seme advanced applications S$ mney fe complex ard Sweh coves th ren! Paré af § mart be Pity ard Large enough te ensure convergence: Br determinias Hk tranyforn Gf an expresion, th limits L th integral are substituted ford, So pe the yesalt will be on expretien in S. Extatwple 1.3.1 Find the Laplhice transforin of fly =a Where A ts conrtent , Selutien . r Jj coge ja 2° de | =s¢€ = e zaf — J =a [(e)-()] a mg Cate) Se fhad # os and i fou? 2 = Exowple 1.22 Find the Laplace trans forin Lf at f@ reé Where ais conyfant 1-68 Salutien oy dré‘y = [tere ant -G-ayt ga) é J e de -Gra)e 22 ad ech J e 2-52 [e-4] \ ae: S-a Ny | so ee SE ! defo-s5 “) se, ! (es= a3 LE can be seen tan , fhe Laplace travasform is alien) an Exprefien in S . i-¢9 Cpeample 1.3.5 Find te Laphee tronfum & fF) zsinat where a iy content Selebien L lsat} = [nee & Jt DR. resale in this Case can be ebfamed by ti ao 1, Using the infegre tier by parts foleut Judy = wu ford bee é sé = - use a de2—-se dv = sjnat a Us meet a “j Sinact é Ce e-t zeae ]- kee nf seh a-ha] J coset od Again, Ly uling the Integration by Puts fer RES term, we Jee i1-Fo That Pield, : ob th - o : é. e oS ‘a {sina E°I4 2-£ [2 enat] — 2 je re bod Jest AQ 7 to ems Stee] Bf tile oe Pernt 846 Let Pint ete - I 2D ed Ebne]- 24 ze simt] +5 qT EE Leffel 5 C093 - ees pe ee ee = = a a St L. = L fe ae 4 TA) oe a a oe. ta | he sgt ptyat ar 2- Dé is much chortle if we use th fact Hue Be ca O45 sing 28 #8 Se that Ga@ is The dmeginarg Parl of E, wit Je) Therefore Sinat = a jot a4 3s Panay bene Ys pee 4 fe - (ndold —G-Jej@ 2° Hl Se J d-amef i E45 Ratimalize the denominator 4 pu Hiplying top and bottam by sti ¥ fells _ S+ia. Jesinel « th op’ CaS F sta" jat \y \l 1-F2 By th Same methed A feiot] an be deferhrined, Since cosat U the real part wee written Rey \ » Leemety = stat $0 that | f rinve 3 = Hew si “kp Sp B/ W A resst] EXample 1.3.4 Find the Leplace Prony form of fit where, Riis & nae integer. | Solution n a” feet fe ee de re inferapection 4, paves y we get us 2€ sf lao oe “dee Je [er Bo fash Be Note: he numerical Value 2f s hy facge co to moke the peduct "2°" Conuetfe de Bee a CP O8s ‘ [ory = [e-°]*° fee: 2 fete 22 Bam CF) be can Bei tae JET a & Mette 2 cot d [erettde except nue 0 veyed D cn-t). Tg Inz feré te nt oth Bes 2 fe @ de ite be uritter 4s! Therefore, equation Cw) on” - 0 Tn. Tnes £ i" Which iy a reJuction formula. T- 74 he tay = PS Le and fe fa ee There. re, Ln at SPs. ck 3 By ow ~ ON Exar ple 1,3. Find th Leph.« Fransferm f fle < Sinhat where. ais &® content , Solution Z — Siohat = (EE ) ol lsinkat} z (ded er Je "oo t e -s€ =f 8. ee Se HOr-0 JE aS aye fee wpe ie as tag A é — ~2= = (se) —-O+a4) t 4. a Ee ean) Cee ==) = ! — L c tsa) aaa tf cad Spas -as & es Les het Do mae av =F So that fismb za] = —t- shade avd lo C Sinhtod] = ———— st _ loo Exercise 1.3.4 ——_—__ Find th Laplace transfam F fle) 2 coshat Ans. fy eathat] = =m hint: 1, at -4t coshat ecl€ +e) Ae above results can be sSummeri Zed 45 He felleving Fable: I-78 Pee Laplace trans form ‘y pees transform Which meant tat: 1. The Fran fern of a sum cer d;Herence) of ezpreni 1S the sum (ordi ffrna)f the Individual transform, Tok ts : 4: fa) igus =Ltuf + ff geesy 2. The transform J an Cpepretiion That jy maltiplted by a confant ty The consfant maltiplicd by he Pranyferre of the expremion. That i? {i k fof = kd §Ctef Se fhat dee bad J adr é°7 + fre ~ 2% 1 — + sel s* 2 — 28 ¢ttl TE nal st CS4t) Ae e*, scahvt Je ydce'34 zg L reaha€ 4 Ss 3 = ht tk set sl gsr bs 64 s heme Che2jCs*—16) The Finsté Shite Thea m IE dofe)- Fey » irSea3 = F (Sta) Thos , de Ge] i Mhe Same a dite] ee S everywhere in The result repaced by (S44). Se Shed 2 L[Sinzt Zz = sige as -3€ 2 jane CE snef S = aera | Sees HI aad z LOL es z Lees: aw and $ dren tfc Gao s+2 Then 2é oa 4 Be ye! 2 = 2 2 eS Sé coshat J = rere, Frits 1 _-go Ln general, if dees) = Fy, then frefo] oP { Fessf Find fi Laplace tran form af -) = ¢sinz€ Solation Lfsinet} SF = ste + » f home} 2 — 4 ee) ao (tere — 2 x28 cred J* - as sta” Find th Laplace transform f £) 2 €cashat jA-34 Selution frereshse) Exel cite $3.2 Find the Laplace tran) form of p= ZL sinut zu za el s = ¢-t) er ( a ) = aaj aan ath =—9 2s (S+2#) (st-9)° Ans. 8(3S-18) (S416) dL enwe] 2 1-82 Dividing bg & If fof) = Fo) mt £E) p= [Fe be where T tra “nn yariable. and previded that: A FL) emtet £70 Ln indeterminate CatS, L’ Hopital’ rule is wed fp find oak Example 1.3.8 Determine {rc Jagee ff Solution Firs€ we test +h emistence f Iimit. di. test etl Cindifinite ) t7, D “Therefore, be eprly L’Hepitals rule — coset 2sinzé he { eet Be The limit extists Nou, dizi court Js dey dense Ss S*yq then, a 4 [-cos2e =| ct - és J hes ae 2 [bet b Beret des ot fhieks) lL he 2) fal « beta] --f hie) 4 L Lu - Miah A ee Inverse Laplace Transform T, principle we can recover fey flom Fes) via the Floving forvrr lo » & +) 00 fio poeta J faa ds o-j oo whee gm is barge enough that Fey 1 Lbned fer As ao Bt, suvprisinsly Pha Formula. isent, reals wefud. Now , “4 Lekey Fes) fred Fst fw where, Lb an operefor genstes fo Th. inverse So thet bisil aod ize eee 9 ah 2 a dae. : in} The Inver Se Laplace transform Z a arplicated fac tions can be found in terms L The pactial fractions of These fanedions. Where the functions ore divi ded ints Sirepler- fanchions Kales of Partial Fractions 1. The namerafor mast be of lower degree. than th denominater. Lf it is net, Then we Aint divide oul. 2. Faetsrise He denominater inte ith Prime fades —TKie delecm ine the shapes off Phe partial fraction as follors ; Partial Fracten (Sta) a (stay ox * aa + ay ray te ee oa ap CGrerep| Pee e [Pree] Saaey tS | 1-86 | Example 1.3.9 Determine fh inverse Laphee trash f Fos e Ss+l Ses le Selution —e——_— Finsé pe cheele What the numerafes bs Sf Jor degice than th. denominafec- Te denominator can be utitten as: Soa s-/2 = CS-4)C5 44) ? Sorel _ 4 = Ba (@-#)(SA2 7 S-4 S+7 Mu teiplsing both sides 45 Cs-4) (544) yield Boel e ace) +849 ee) easeaa tas~ 7e 48 coal o cates FF “ LED Safe BoB at fi)=-3e +2 € Determine th inursa Laplace. Frausfrm Ff Faye 35 -F So .2S Exercise £8, x cee! Kind th inverse Lap lace trey foe f Fes) = SY 1Ss +4) C5 4+2)(8 3)" fins. -2€ 3€- 3€ fi <2@ p20 +€6 The Cover up Rule PE eve ep rele is uted fo find fe Unlues z The constant coefficients tig many Casess However , this Me thee) onl, Werks When the denominaer- ae Crisine! frocten has penrepeated Vincar factors. we Plbsting examples Mastrates Tae using th, Cover “Pp method tn Arodiay Toa constant coeffi cients Beare k $8.40 By M5ing the Coverup sale mefhad , find The inverse Lew pla cw tran, Rem ft Fao = Stl (S41) 642) (5-7) Seludion aeeen selE ~-A_+ BL > Ser = G-Et2) 63) Sel an ; set te -3 Ae $d) (Seey(s-s2 ~ Be Z: S ait Is 4 Sot GHOs) ~ I 2 go: srt - 2224 C= Am upon) e P -2t at a fte)= -32 +€ 4+7€ Delution of Di ferential Equations by Laplace Vanek Di erential Cyection, can be Solved $2 Laplace transferor Hpough the Plhwing for steps: " Rewrite he bffeenpal s [& fwj- Ste rah le = [> -finJrs Sea at e-fines [sFa-Fer] 2 fl) +S Fn _s feel od rfuile s Fey _s4¢e) _ fee Do the same way frie) = é Fay _sfe)-§ Aad in general [ufos fpe tie 4 a ftey- FO) ete we pel SHey-S fern” -f ce) £-94 Ertarple 1.3.41 fin€ order differential eqaation Ze. ee oH Jt ive taal oh exe ere? Botutien A , Leé os = Kee, . Lriw] =S Mu) — Ke) but Bed ad + Lox] 2SXw -£ fizxi is 2X) fos = s 4 » 6Xeu-1-? Koy = aad -2j = = g +4 " Xu ps- es 4-92 By us ing The Laplace Fran form, Solve Lhe. Plbving XK. ~ sri Kl eae a S(S-2) 8s partial fraction , we get s +4 A e _—— = ee $(-2) Ss 58 S44 2 AG-2) + 84 Exawple 1.2.42 89 wing The Laplace transform , Solve Fhe folonivag Sean order differential equation? Boletien i ae dixie} x S Xu - Kee { cxel] = Xe drétye ds Bhs 7 2 S Xqy —4$ Xe) - Kee — 3 SX t 2 het Kote 2 * Xen ls -35 arj-ss-F pie = ree 2 yes 8 Xo [5-35 +2] eae cs 235 426 Kw see = 6-3 b+ ; ier & Rey = Sear eee) = Gross tyes o Xess ost 23s + 2 (5-1) 5-2) sos) Seuiag parkial fraction, We aet 1-5 5s 2s #26 A B c Gan G-2)G-2) ~ sar A osth23s 42624 (s-2)s-1) + B(S-NGS) FE (s-1G-2) From which , We get Az=4 Bee eek \ 4 » Xe © gor 7% 3-2 -f P 4 ! “Meee f aataa z a¢ no Yes 4 +€ er cise 1.3.5- 89 wing Laplace Pans for, sole Tha follesing fiat differentin| equation: ether ¢ 2t te K-Yx=2er+e Given the bee) =? Exerc sb Solve He falbwiag Seeond order differential funtion bo Kin) The Laplace trai form Ans - ne re 4 Kenre— eyee® Ans: 2 N-4% =24as2t ae ee ec 4erZe -3cos2€| Given thaé ee) es Pty = He Selution of Simultaneous Differertiel Equations Laplace tramferm map be wed fr solving Simattan dk flereatial eg betiens at Mlarstrate! (a th foltorste exanpe: eens Bets : By “sing The Laplace tram for, olve th fellatiing Pair ef Simn [faneous differential egnations r << S-wese - -¢ K+19-e Given that; Key =e yu) =e Selution ” ed 4 “Te tate factions oun be enpreted £7 Pransfom ay folleas STcsy - D6) —Xwo 7 3-8 Lapac Ski - Xe) + Yu) = gay But 2%) 20° ad Jue) se \ wane $ Ye) — Mey = sy) ° ” - 1 . gewe COT SK 4s) = s+ 1-96 From (), we Asie Ya) = 5 7 -SXey 2 eM Nou, Subs (QJ inte Ci, We set | 3 feogsi =< Ey 78 Kay - Xe eg uO SS Xu) — Xe = =r stl . a an Xess cs +135 s+1. S-) x S“etsel = oe (3-1) Cte (1) Representing in partial fractians Des cst DP gal ae t+ Se! C3 — ICS HIN CS 41D io} s+t vsteeas-1 24 Gari yFt +865 ” ; : sas-1)4C5 +DS-CS — tes yields ls Sues-te aclates ++ Be Equatig the cobficierts in beth 6 oc haBtC 7m A -R+O ~~ A+rB-& ~~ tO --€d) \= “2 “4 pH’ -P = it * a(S + CCS 40) 65 -DY Do jr fro and (49, We aed m Cl) cr-a-8& eC = A+B+2 dnl -A-B =RAtB+? ~~ c€) or 2Axzgte 7° from (2) and C4)» We ot B2-A+h+l cond De a-&Br+l ~a+Btl = a-B*l _ (fF) or «2A 2ere Sub tracking Cf) fror (7 We oct dR 2-2 ie Geo 4 Substitution th Value £ Rin GP or fm CC) we get f Substiating th values 3-0 7 S47 — _ Sees -1 a AGH) SH BH “14 (esr OE ~ 1) (s+) Es peset sc ehueien ene See -D fier which have es Arete anes CD? ie pope oe ge pe BoC or 2-0 12 A-B-B 2 ae) Solving fh abeve Sjmwlfanesa) Flin tien, we gee Ast Bet ceil O= a I I & = (8a) oy = st! sal oi -t “9 -LE df patton 4+ sint So th reswls We ett) = oe ce mee 54) sind eat = sind + court oth +) yt) suyded* ) ping utc ging ost Hench Exercise 1.35F Solve the follecipn pric gf d ffrertia| equations 24-69 43X50 3x -3x-29 =¢ Given thet Xe) ot ces? Exercise 1.3.2 Solve tr folowing Pair f differential Spates K 42% —9 =e 4 25 —- KP gy =D Ans. KET ST 4 CONTE Yezeatt — cos Yae 4-4e Heaviside Uni Step Funchion Fé b conveniot fo have a Sanction whick in COA Ais tpatey an” eel Aaibihas Sf? a dive fem A pre-described Vales ft. his can be dene with th Heaviside ant step fonction. consider the functor deseriked by th folloving Ova : fey where, c fla e fr tac ft) = 4 por ¢ge “Thi flection ig called th Heaviside une ster fonction and iy denoted b5 fH = U-c) where Cs Th. Valve Sf 6 a hich th tordies charged frre a to 4. Ertespl £2.14 Pleé te following SE? functions ct fay = ult? (2) fit) = 3 U9 GQ) py = eae) 4) fie) = CUE -2) Selution wy fly = uct) fo 4 $$ ‘ ~€ ~~ f=23 Ul) fi 3/->—___ ese » fle 2U4-6) 4 fle CUE-2 Flt) Leplac Wanhian f Ult-c) 2 for Otc TE fw 2 ule-c) = i, ie eee then, - SE > t-0) dt {few - fea oo = J a" de a sé 3 * © af fe Sok als ees € Ss Find th Laplace tran form 4 fi) 22 U4) Laplace Transform of Ulé6-C)-# £é-¢) Urktiin f-e)J = J oate-e) FtE-€) df ° ectcc but uct- me = t-<) tu; tpie ge t ot be 1 rute-ed feel] = fé £é-c) /é ~ Neds Leé t-c FV woe ore aay dee 7 scety) 3 frace-cs.fa-093 2 je for dv é z J a 8 fade 5 eo af d ASC ~ 7 eye - * ad Mote thet | MM ydv= Se fade = ft ffé)) = Fes acs —£s a e-<)- fte-JIf = & Jlfes] = Ad cue £6 J {ites é Fey Example Lotus Find the Laplace trmfom ff fhe. P/bving frucions ay fuer). 4-23 J 2) LE fu te) sins(é-1)) (29 tru (é-5) ay wy) deux Mi). cosee- 2) ] Selutien mes iy } paeny ee wy = €- Fes -2s “s a fret 6Eé i nt Od fu teaysmsens @ Fo z° 2 Lesmay = 25 s on = st to lé-y) 5S ws {tule € 2 & . Fo e oS! ¥ -€. fréo = eed. -Es Oy [ Lut-%).cz(t-h) = E Fess = 8 f -@ Ecs2tl ie” g ae Eptanmple 1.2.16 ] Find the inverse Laplace trans fom f =-4s wer es ee Sel Sion “os ent C indicates UCE-4) , where 1 FG) = =e ae ud a fio a feta a¢ ff i fi {r2-3 = ult-4)-(¢-4) s EXercise1.3,10 Find The Inverse Laplace transform £ 2s be s* 44 Ans. pb 7 m3 aie 2)-Sina 2) £23 Laplace Transform ef Feriedic Eimetions led FC) represent a fperiedic function with Period To Se That ferent) = ft) Then, the Laplace fransformn of th periedye func tion can be described as! | / Cf) J = Fa whee Fes) = vf e* fle) dé Fink th. Laplace of the funchon 04) detined by | ft) =f eases of Petts £4) fw So wé <4 Boludren i few} eae Fos l-e + . ( ost 2 nee fa) dk The Peried T=4> as [crew S ¥ iy [[ ttate {Pose} z ‘ ost e.2 dt { 1 ~sé Se fé dé =4) rere 3 r eal oz =a Sr Ss 4% 1 -25 3 eae x qceH ((a-q) 235 ee te s i Sditre ) ir Emercioe 4.3.41 Find the Laplace tamfirm of the pricdic | furetion de Sined by fiijeee see al Ppa fe Ans. dette) 2 gia (1- gt) Erercise 1.3.42 Final’ the Laplace tran fa gf th peciedic. functor dedined 4 BsingE e

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