ISO 9001:2015
UNIT-1
Fundamentals of Cyber Law
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Internet History and Growth
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What Was the
“Victorian Internet”?
What Was the
“Victorian Internet” ISO 9001:2015
• The Telegraph
• Invented in the 1840s.
• Signals sent over wires that were
established over vast distances
• Used extensively by the U.S.
Government during the American Civil
War, 1861 - 1865
• Morse Code was dots and dashes, or
short signals and long signals
• The electronic signal standard of +/- 15
v. is still used in network interface
cards today.
What Is the Internet?
• A network of networks, joining many government,
university and private computers together and providing
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an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file
archives, hypertext documents, databases and other
computational resources
• The vast collection of computer networks which form and
act as a single huge network for transport of data and
messages across distances which can be anywhere from
the same office to anywhere in the world.
Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA
What is the Internet?
• The largest network of networks in the world.
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• Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching .
• Runs on any communications substrate.
From Dr. Vinton Cerf,
Co-Creator of TCP/IP
Brief History of the Internet
• 1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts
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with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create ARPAnet
• 1970 - First five nodes:
– UCLA
– Stanford
– UC Santa Barbara
– U of Utah, and
– BBN
• 1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf
• 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts
converts en masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging
A Brief Summary of the
Evolution of the Internet Mosaic
Age of
eCommerce
Begins
WWW ISO 9001:20151995
Created
Internet Created 1993
Named 1989
and
Goes
TCP/IP TCP/IP
Created 1984
ARPANET 1972
1969
Hypertext
Invented
Packet 1965
Switching
First Vast Invented
Computer 1964
Network
Silicon Envisioned
A Chip 1962
Mathematical 1958
Theory of
Memex Communication
Conceived 1948
1945
1945 1995
Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA
Internet Growth Trends
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Internet Growth Trends
• 1977: 111 hosts on Internet
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• 1981: 213 hosts
• 1983: 562 hosts
• 1984: 1,000 hosts
• 1986: 5,000 hosts
• 1987: 10,000 hosts
• 1989: 100,000 hosts
• 1992: 1,000,000 hosts
• 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
• 2002: over 200 million hosts
• By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet
• 2015: 15 billion nodes
• Industry experts now predict that the number of Internet-connected devices
will exceed 50 billion by 2020
History of Internet
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• [Link]- proposed idea of global
network of computers.
• 1962-he moved to Defence Advance Research
Project Agency(DARPA) to develop network.
• Another scientist –Leonard Kleinrock –proposed
theory of packet switching.
• 1969-Scientist of DARPA successes in networking
of 2 computers known as Advanced Research
Project Agency Network based on packet
switching.
• Advanced Research Project Agency Network:
As means of communication for united states ISO 9001:2015
of military services.(at end of 1971 ,almost 15
sites from different organisation wear
connected with ARPANET.
• After success of this-National Science
Foundation –US Federal agency created
another capacity network-NSFnet-more
capable than ARPANET.
• NSFnet was only used for academic research on its
network.
• Public & private business could not use it. ISO 9001:2015
• So they stated working to build their own network.
• Which were later interconnected wit ARPANET &
NSFnet to form the Internet.
• 1990-ARPANET was shut down
• 1995-NSFnet was also discontinued.
• But Commercial Internet services associated with
ARPANET and NSFnet continued to run on internet.
• Today internet is accommodates almost all private
network.
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ISP
Internet Service Provider
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What is ISP..??
lAn Internet service provider (ISP), also sometimes
referred to as an Internet access provider (IAP), is a
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company that offers its customers access to the
Internet.
•In other words, ISP is a service (an access) provider to
a business/company that provides individuals and ISO 9001:2015
organizations access to the Internet free or for a
monthly or yearly fee.
For complete Internet connectivity..??
•You must be able to reach all destinations on the net.
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•Your packets have to get delivered to every destination.
•Packets from everywhere else have to “find you”. This is
done by having your ISP(s) advertise routes for you.
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TYPES OF ISP
•An Internet Service Providers are categorized
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as:-
[Link] ISP’s
[Link] ISPs.
•Other than Internet connection, ISPs may also
provide related services like Web site hosting &
development, e-mail hosting, domain name
registration etc.
Regional ISP
A regional ISP usually provides Internet access
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to a specific geographic area and usually has a
smaller technical support team
National ISP
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•A national ISP is a business that provides
Internet access in cities and towns nationwide
and have a much larger technical support team.
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ISP Interconnection
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Just as their customer pay them for internet access ISPs
themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access.
An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the
contracting ISP and/or is able to provide the contracting ISP
with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by
itself has no access to.
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The Internet Hierarchy
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Technologies Employed
lFor home user:
lDial up ISO 9001:2015
lDSL(ADSL)
lBroadband wireless connection
lISDN
For medium to large bussines
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lDSL(SDSL or ADSL)
lIternet Technology(ISDN)
lSatelite Internet
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Responsibility of an ISP
Providing & maintaing a connection to the internet
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Support the hardware & software needed to service that connection
l
To protect their sites & network from external threats such as
l
viruses,hacker attacks,& other illegal activities.
Provide 24 hour customer & technical support.
l
ISP Guideline
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•ISP-Internet service provider
•Company or an organization that provides access to the internet
to its customers.
•Services-Eg-dial up, DSL,cable modem to connect customer with
WWW.
•For working on internet, you required internet connection
•Internet connection can be subscribed firm internet service
provider.
•To start the browsing internet there is need to configure
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the settings of computer ,which include username &
password.
•These username & password are provided by the Internet
Service Provider at time of subscription.
•As per New Telecom Policy99 Govt. permitted the service
provider
st to process and carry the voice signals with effect
from 1 April 2002.
•This is called Internet Telephony.
Guidlines
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•1. ISP should be holding license for providing
such services.
•They offer this services within their area only.
.Scope & definition of Internet Telephony services:
[Link] telephony Service- refers the an application services Through
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which customers of ISPs can avail from their personal computer capable of
sending voice signal or other IP based customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
such as:
a. PC to PC(Both within as well as outside of India)
b. PC to Telephone(PC in India To telephone outside of India)
C. IP based H.3.23/SIP Terminals in India to similar terminals both in India
& aboard employing IP addressing scheme .
2 .According to Cable Television Network (regulation )Act 1995,acess to the
ISP node can be provided through authorized facilities of authorized operator.
This act has been modified ,amended and replaced time to time
3. Internet telephony service utilize IP addressing scheme ISO 9001:2015
provided by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA)
for transmission of voice.
Rather than National Numbering Scheme provided by the
department of Telecom.
4. Internet telephony service offered by ISPs is different in nature
,scope and kind of real time voice, then offered by other
telecommunication service.
• Quality of services:
• Tariff/Notes:
• TRAI has not levied any tariff for Internet Telephony offered by ISPs
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over public internet.
• But TRAI may review & fix a tariff at any time during the validity of
ISP license.
• It found necessary at any time during the validity of ISP license,
• Security Monitoring:
• ISP caring Internet telephony traffic through their internet gateways
are required to set up suitable additional monitoring system at their
own cost as per requirements of security agencies.
• The cost of maintenance of the equipment & infrastructure shall also
be borne by the ISP
•License Agreement:
•ISPs which desires offering internet telephony services shall be
required to sign amendment to ISP license agreement to such effect.
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•This draft application will be put on the dot website [Link].
•The amendment to the ISP license agreement shall be issued by govt
.by the provision of Indian Telegraph Act 1885, Indian wireless
Telegraphy Act 1993 & TRAI Act 1997.
Application form/fee:
•They have fill application with processing fees.
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•Certificate:
•They have to certify some terms & condition. Like’
•I hereby certify that I have read the guidelines & draft License on
Internet services. I fully comply with terms and condition therein.
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Intellectual Property
What is Intellectual Property?
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•Intellectual property refers to such intangible property that
has been created by individuals or corporates for their
personal benefit.
•It created through human intelligence & mentor efforts.
Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind,
such as inventions; literary and artistic works;
designs; and symbols, names and images used in
commerce.
•Its unethical to steal or copy the idea or creativity of someone
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else the technique which used for creation & security of
documents our computer is same technology that contributes in
copying it easily.
st
•India is one who established World Trade organization on 1
Jan 1995.
•WTO consist of agreements -Trade Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights(TRAIPS)Which prescribed that
minimum standards
•should be adopted by the countries within simulated time frame.
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The role of IP as intangible property
l
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l1. economic rights of creators
[Link] exploitation of owner of IP
[Link] expenditure
[Link] of technology
[Link] development
IP as a property
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•Can be sold
•Can be bought
•Can be lease or rent
•Can pass under a will
•Can be assigned
l The IP Chain of Activities
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lCreation
lInnovation
lCommercialization
lProtection
lEnforcement
7 areas of Intellectual Property
•Copyrights & related rights
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•Trandmarks
•Geographical indications
•Industrial design
•Patents
•Layout-designs of integrated circuits
•Protection of undisclosed information
Copyrights & related rights
Copyright is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators
l
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have over their literary and artistic works.
lWorks covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings,
sculpture and films, to computer programs, databases,
advertisements, maps and technical drawings.
Copyrights & related rights
•Copyright protection extends to only expression. ISO 9001:2015
•Copy right protection Not to -
• Idea
• Procedure
• Method of operation
• Mathematical concept
•It may or may not available for slogans or logo and titles
•It depends upon whether they contain sufficient authorship
•2 type of copyright
•Economic right
•Moral right
Trandmarks
lA trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or
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services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.
lTrademarks date back to ancient times when artisans used to put
their signature or "mark" on their products..
l Geographical indications
•Geographical indications and appellations of origin are signs
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used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and
possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are
essentially attributable to that place of origin.
•Most commonly, a geographical indication includes the
name of the place of origin of the goods.
l Industrial Design
lAn industrial design constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic
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aspect of an article.
l A design may consist of
lthree-dimensional features,->the shape or surface of an
article, or
l two-dimensional features -> patterns, lines or color.
Patents
lWhat is a patent? ISO 9001:2015
lA patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is
a product or a process that provides.
lin general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new
technical solution to a problem.
l To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be
disclosed to the public in a patent application.
Patents
•A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention.
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•Generally speaking, a patent provides the patent owner with
the right to decide how - or whether - the invention can be
used by others.
•In exchange for this right, the patent owner makes technical
information about the invention publicly available in the
published patent document
llayout designs of integrated circuits
•New layout designs of integrated circuits aim mainly at ISO 9001:2015
improving the performance efficiency of the circuitry within
the limits of the materials and technologies being used.
•
•This should result in more functions being carried out with lower
power consumption on the same amount of semi-conductor
material. For consumers this means products that are better value
for none
l Protection of Undisclosed information
Undisclosed information refers to information which is secret and
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has commercial value because it is secret.
Undisclosed information, or ‘trade secrets’, is protected in the
TRIPs Agreement under the framework or discipline of unfair
competition
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Intellectual Property related
legislation in India
•Intellectual property may be the field of
•- industry ,science ,literature or any othe artistic field.
•According to Intellectual Property Rights in India it has 4 major
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categories.
•Copyrights
•Patents
•Trademarks
•Design Protection
•Computer software comes under the Copyrights Law in Indian
Copy right act 1957.
•It was amended
th in1994 and these amendments came into effect
from 10 may 1995.
l Features of Indian Copyright Act
lAct specifies clearly the rights of copyright holder ISO 9001:2015
lAct deals with rentals of software
lAct clearly states the right of user to make back up copies
Copying & distribution of copyrighted software without
l
proper authorisation is illegal according to section 14 of act.
The violator of the Act is liable to be tried under civil as well
l
as criminial law.
l Features of Indian Copyright Act
lThe violator may be subjected to civil & criminal action
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for injuction,actual damages or statutory damages per
infringment.
Act provides for strict punishments and heavy fines for
l
any violation of software copyright.
According to section 63 B jail term of minimum 7 days
l
can be givin for software copyright violataion ,which can
be extended up tp 3 years.
Copyright
Copyright is a form of protection given to
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authors/creators of original works.
This property right can be sold or transferred to
others.
COPY RIGHT LAW
Copyright is a form of protection grounded in the U.S.
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Constitution and granted by law for original works of
authorship.
The current copyright law, the Copyright Act of 1976, is
codified in Title 17 of the U.S. Code.
AUTHOR's RIGHT
Copyright law assures ownership, which comes
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with several rights, that the author has exclusively. For
example:
› Make copies of the work
› Distribute copies of the work
› Perform the work publicly
› Display the work publicly
› Make derivative works
Copyright holder may grant permission or ISO 9001:2015
license anyone else to do these things, without
affecting their ownership of the actual copyright
in their work.
For example, an author may permit a
television adaptation of their book to be made
and broadcast .
Copyright Protection
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What work are Protected?
Copyright covers both published and unpublished
works.
Copyright protection is automatic at the moment the
work is created and fixed in a tangible form that it is
perceptible.
It protects original works of authorship that are
produced in tangible form of expression.
Copyrightable Work
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Literary works
Dramatic works- including any accomapying music
Musical works-including any accomapying words
Artistic works
Pantomimes & choreographic works
Pictorial ,graphic, & sculptural works
Motion pictures, & other audiovisual work
Sound recording
Architecture work
Non-Copyrightable Work
Not everything is protected by copyright
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law.
Copyright does not protect facts, ideas,
systems, or methods of operation.
What is Not Protected?
•Works that have not been fixed in tangible form of expression
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•Titles,nameas,short phrases & slogans
•Familiar symbols or designs
•Ideas, procedure, methods, systems, processes, concept,
•principle, discoveries or devices
•Works that consist of information that is common property & that
contain no original authorship
•Eg: std calenders, height & weight charts , tap measures
Copyright Registration
•copyright registration is a legal formality intended to make a
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public record of a particular copyright.
•Even though registration is not a requirement for protection, the
copyright laws of the United States provide several advantages to
encourage copyright owners to register their copyright.
•
•The following are just a few advantages of registering your
copyright with the U.S. Copyright Office:
Copyright Registration Advantages
Registering a copyright establishes a public record of the ISO 9001:2015
copyright claim,
and puts the public on notice of the existence of copyright
protection for a particular work.
Before an infringement lawsuit may be filed in court registration
is necessary.
If copyright registration is made within five years of the work's
publication, it will establish the validity of the copyright and of the
facts stated in the copyright certificate.
Copyright Registration Advantages
If a copyright is registered within three months of publishing the
l
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work or prior to an infringement of the work, the copyright owner
can seek attorneys' fees and statutory damages in court.
For works registered outside of this time limit, the damages
l
will be limited the actual loss suffered by the owner of the
copyright.
lA copyright owner can register his or her copyright at any
time within the life of the copyright.
l
Copyright Registration Advantages
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•Before 1978, if a work was registered in unpublished form, it was
necessary to register it again after publishing the work.
•Under current laws, a copyright owner has the option but not the
obligation to register the published edition of the work.
Patent
l
•Patent is an exclusive right given by country to the
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owner of an invention to make, use, manufacturing and
market the invention. provided the invention satisfied.
•Exclusive right implies that no one else can make, use,
manufacture or market the invention without the consent
of the patent holder
lPatent
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Patents are granted by a government for a novel invention
for a limited period of time. The patent gives the inventor
exclusive rights to the invention and prevents others from
making, using or selling the invention without the permission
of the inventor.
OBJECTIVE
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To provide protection of creativity of creators.
To promotes the creativity of new creators.
To accelerate the technological and industrial
development of the countries.
To provide the exclusive right to invention and affords
protection against unauthorized use of invention by third
parties.
Understand the meaning of specifications
CHARACTERISTICS OF PATENT
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•Invention must be “NEW”-Invention must never have
been made public in anyway, anywhere before the date
on which the application for a patent is filled.
•An invention must involved an “Invention
•Steps”- The invention must be non-obvious to person
skilled in that particular art, ie, it must not follow plainly
or logically from what is already known
Invention must be having “Industrial Application”-
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For the patentable , the invention has to be capable of
industrial application.
It can be used in an industry.
It may include any useful , practical activity as district
from purely intellectual or aesthetic activity.
4- Invention must not be excluded
PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING
PATENT
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Who can Apply for Patent?
PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING
PATENT
•Steps: ISO 9001:2015
•FILLING OF AN APPLICATION FORM
•Filing of Provisional and Complete specification
•Publication of the Application-
•Examination of the Application-
•Acceptance and Advertisement of Complete Specifications-
•Opposition to the Grant of Patent-
•Grant and Sealing of Patent-
•TRANSFER OF PATENT
Flow diagram of patent
Filling of application
form
Filing of complete
specifications, if not done
already (within 12 months of
application)
Publication of Examination of
application (after 18 application on
months from request
application date)
Count……
Acceptance and advertisement of
complete specifications
Opposition N
Scrutiny
Scurutiny
Y
Grant
N
Grant &
Grant andofsealing
sealing
of patent
Reject
TRADEMARKS
•Any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of ISO 9001:2015
distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking
from those of other undertakings, shall be capable of
constituting a trademark.
•Such signs, in particular words including personal
names, letters, numerals, figurative elements and
combinations of colors as well as any combination of
such signs, shall be eligible for registration as
trademarks.
Signs which May Serve as Trademarks
•Words:- This category includes company names, ISO 9001:2015
surnames, forenames, geographical names and any other
words or sets of words, whether invented or not, and
slogans.
•Letters and Numerals:- Examples are one or more
letters, one or more numerals or any combination
thereof.
Signs which May Serve as Trademarks
•Devices:- This category includes fancy devices, drawings ISO 9001:2015
•and symbols and also two dimensional representations of goods
or containers.
•Combinations of any of those listed above, including logotypes
and labels.
•Colored Marks:- This category includes words, devices and any
combinations thereof in color, as well as color combinations and
color as such.
•.
Signs which May Serve as Trademarks
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•Three-Dimensional Signs:- A typical category of three-
dimensional signs is the shape of the goods or their packaging.
However, other three- dimensional signs such as the three-pointed
Mercedes star can serve as a trademark
•Audible Signs (Sound Marks):- Two typical categories of sound
marks can be distinguished, namely those that can be transcribed
in musical notes or other symbols and others (e.g. the cry of an
animal).
•.
Signs which May Serve as Trademarks
•Olfactory Marks (Smell Marks):- Imagine that a ISO 9001:2015
company sells its goods (e.g. writing paper) with a
certain fragrance and the consumer becomes accustomed
to recognizing the goods by their smell.
•Other (Invisible) Signs:- Examples of these are signs
recognized by touch
Trademark Registration
• ISO 9001:2015
Applications for registration of a trademark are to be
filed with the competent government authority.
The authority is called as “Industrial Property Office” or
•
“Patent and Trademark Office” or “Trademark Office.”
The application form has to be completed with the name
•
and address of the applicant.
lThe sign filed for registration must appear in the
application form or in an annex to it.
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lIf it is intended that the sign should be registered in
color, the colors must be claimed and a specimen in
color or the description of the color(s) must be
submitted.
If a three-dimensional sign is filed for registration, it is
l
necessary to claim protection of the sign in its three-
dimensional form.
The applicant has also to list the goods for which the
•
sign is to be registered.
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Finally, one or more lots of fees have to be paid for the
•
registration of a trademark.
A country may provide for a single, all- embracing fee
•
or several (application fee, class fee, examination fee,
registration fee, etc.).
•Removal of the Trademark from the Register-
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The cancellation of a trademark registration is a serious
•
matter for its owner, as it leads to a loss of his rights
under the registration.
•Nevertheless, there are a number of grounds on which a
trademark can be removed from the register.
Law related to semiconductor layout & design
•
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•Layout design of semiconductor integrated circuit refers
to a layout of transistor & other circuitry elements which
are connected through lead wire
•Thos is protected by Semi conductor integrated circuit
layout design(SICLD) Act 2000.
• A product having transistors ISO 9001:2015
Circuitry elements inseparably formed on a
• semiconductor
material
• Insulating material inside the semiconductor material
• Designed to perform an electronic circuitry function.
•Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual
Property rights (TRIPS)
Any person claiming to be the creator of a layout-design
•
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who is desirous of registering it
•
shall apply in writing to the Registrar
•
In the prescribed manner for the registration of the layout- design
•
Steps in Registration
•The creator of the layout design needs to fill application
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form
•Submit it to the SLCLD registry
•Application may be accepted or rejected or accepted partially
requiring central modifications
•Accepted application are advertised within 14 days of
acceptance
•3 month wait period is given for filling of oppositions
Steps in Registration
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•In case opposition is filled in the 3 months wait period, counter
statement can be filled within 2 months from the date of receipt of
notice of oppositions.
•Copy of counter statement is also sent to the opposition party.
•The registrar may take hearing with the parties & has the
discretion to grant or reject the application of registration on the
basis of conclusions of hearing.
•Aggrieved party can appeal to the Appellate Board or its absence
to the civil court to relief on any ruling of the registrar.
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THANK YOU
