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under santa ole language - Ce Ot. ighy waclane
[pox will —9 [computer > Assert Ward Songusgee
“eye
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Jamquoge (saa get cost)
(uueqa level dewxguege)
attespacter Rakes LL reads Vine by Line ound Convent Ins
wmachine code and exccitles immediatly»
Assembler taes assembly level Language ard convert ite
wncline, code .
Triesprein4 language Jowsuoges which vises Compilers
“ram =
~phe . ot ;
— Raley
#lAocoludte_Code ~ WE nerd to toad Code (vile adeioress
Lexical Awaliyes
(piste
~ Synalar Avaliytis
/
Analisis plane
Passe fre
Symbol
-}— Semantic Aialyns
me dee
IN. Tmmediate Code Gewese ion
Jp syrtee pve
“Code option”
sable
Manager
Lexical
+ Lexical avalyzer does lexical analysts “5 .
+ du his pias tae fexical avalos mreads “the character cw the
Source pam and qn them who a sheam of -+okeus.
Tbkos ase Seqpomee of Chimractas lowing couective meaning
The Character Sequence fowws ing rekon is called lexemne.
4S) blank paces wilt, Ge elimindled.
+Tn lexical analy:
Syatax Avals Avalysic!
[Seam of -tokens] — Syrttax: eae 5 —f Parse Tree]
ge Pee
fs qe ps the tokene of Cource m into te
we “ axe used by the compiles -to qonesoce ae a
« This_is
represevted by @ Se hee, also ties “3
un as Syntax tee._| ids tht the td
id id
— > th povicled tokens and yietd af patce sree ate garne then
Soprctr Ce voon'+ pease d exrcis
Semantic, gis
“looks fa si aS b veaiges 1E
Pase
+ Seynaystic Analyt. Ene ee
-Undeclaxed vacinbles
~ Misuse vf whesied voords
= Multiple declasation of youinble of & single Stope
~Aecessing § out of Stope vasinble.
— Mismmoxch loa asomwlecs etc.
*Semausic Aralysic performs type checking twat Us, it crecks etch
Se has operands “that ase pesmited by sore, larg.. seein
fat a [is] > Gow
ieee E secehile pl brleges, ‘as size zh 2 atnay
~ asec on ee
genera (ton
Seteymrediate Cole
Semantically Outoumrodialt
Asif ted
ce pee
(ode Oulermediate
; Cocke
~ Generale?
Pr
ids idtide id or ve (bec
resevtlatiovd of Coyato. Code should lee casyt,
to Yrarstate TL0 the “Lacget preyam.
fast | level
— Twter mediate Fen
Produce and ease
r “Always starts pom “(he
ho toc be CS
Reodpe att 5
Bo eels
Code Optimizer |
“CO is an optioval . phase
“at op tinizes the iwhleemaciale tocle
[eee |— Code. Optimization — Optimize Code
aye bre; ___+ opted
v
a
a 4, (0-4)
0,2,4 —> Lexemes
a Shot a lexeme
~ Lexical a aw is irnpurnea by DFA
~ Phaser © tmpbmented by Ppa
= Lexical analysis pra neu exCommet tines oud while SPaces 7
pearl eh] ven
pesslelt ta"
fra 0)
4) Uf S toleent
Wy
ches an enby sy
DT Ht reads any tdinrigions then Ore
able and Stes info aloout it upto that r
tO), Siva] Name] type|
oat int
ss => 202504 0? =
of anything tat doesn'é woctch with species mules /patteans,
od
2
)
k
owt
Carvesporcing enty is raised tn LA prox
tex [eLex (fastest vession of LEX) > Softuinnes “x. Q—eatension
Leete name
TA lex program is cepasdiled Unto a sections by 1 t delimiters
‘The format ° lex Sure is :
Ue Subrutines / Auxili cei urchicle declarations Of com
stant, Vasiobl dr,
A requsos. dedinitio
efit the Stat a .
define Bre Steigraen Bf form P faction 14 PAaction sy techs
5 sunentins ae alee praens Matas by “the actions
cuinmantine can be loaded “wilt the Lixicat analiper asd ;
compiled stprsately «
2 De vot use Comment Lines tn rules section,
peal heat
Can berwsed in DS & Uss
ner, we need +o explicitly
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mainc)
4 yylex O05 Jivwking LO plat
a yy vovep| uy
coe
on
mes Ue coved as, Shings in gyre
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LA
Findude
Ly
Lt
fo-J A get (WES 1S
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tmoind?
aA.
digit th yy ext) 3
‘ yylexQ*
4
ash an [ten] see y*
UP ofp cm bapey
~these 16 any Up in. buties ov fin
den we can use f, ay
on)
“LA please alwoarys reads ip a
* YrjevoapC ) — indicates whrellaer
+T rye don't want to Use yyurae ©
at he wp 4 she Up
SD wn king wilh multiple Pe — Hierarchy is impostaut
tar Lf.
{o-4) 4 pont (as, te aiget "
yigtest)) }
(0-4) +4 pe (Mhs i rumnber"s yy extyiy
At
omotv digit
to — to is number
Lh
(o-aJ+ A pratt hs is a number", yytert)i J
(0-4) A pratt (wigs Is a digit" yytext) i ys
ht
070 number //wron AW
So, {o -4| shoud be wiilbn fost & -+yen (o-4)+
“ie
(a-2 A-2) (0 fA-2 o- J # {pr Ciaantigen); 4
ant” | “float A prt ("keyword");
Lh pith Crepoott)s
int 3 tdontirfier
Aru jain we Ove as i : r
qi aes ee gel identifies as olp
(owen if it ic Eeapo ve
"wt" ["-fCoe "
firct
[a BA-7] (a-3A- 20. AJ r neve
“yyen © ~ etUENS length Of, Lxemne
f yyen — entoe file as Up
gyin -fapen (hare 4a"),
7 Pangea to Count wo, Y Words
tA
tut we <0;
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bl.
(a-zA-2]* Awerty §
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ro
; yylex CD
poy tb count wo. of Lichegers avd real numbers & pretty count
int C0,7205 To Read me Character, tf
Ly Wwe write It divectty Hen
a it eats tt as meta
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[o-a] + \+ fod Aret’s vited ty use
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Wh
mainc)
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> 5 clot am vy
: Given cre for RC OM, MN? )
so Ale
pie n 200 |F
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3 : o
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; I
4) Derive o0001t by using !
following Cra / Not / ambiquotes
0 oe Ay b) ssosilss] é
A 2008 |e fy ie aa
A\ ot s $
pores mye ZL\ /\
S$
ep
EP. JAB & es } A :
ALB 4 a
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— 0oocoR ll
— 0000EI >) 5-9 Sb5|a
— = covet! 5
7
LOD: soap AN AN
— ov Ab Av a iN
— 0000AB Sos a is J}
nga Av |
— D000EB LA nt
—7 000018 ia 5
og rag. Heals
There exists a passing algo “to che ck Whether liters an ¢
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comect @ not =
_ lelafbI--)
a Es Agi — ep
Stack
Fife Technique [Passing tab)
Passing Techniques ,
Dnivesal ses — Con parce am 146% of Gaarnines
— Dve to Daahiclency wot being wed
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-|Brttom ery —— RIMD im vowerse over 0
Ope TE ae J
[ip pon tas) «= ee"
GE) Cu) | predictive pass
4 ears Non-recusgive. top-down
2 fw Uses i y
yecurtive calls. poang oi
LUCE) [Predictive passers
*FinstC) & follows) baa “used tn Conscbuction of passing Fechnigues.
"Rules fox first CO
) BH Aa ben “fast (A) = jay
) Ne tne fire (ne 165.
2) 24 AaYMe, first (a) © FistQn) -if Ye Hen first (Ye)
Lid disst(a) = Fist Cv) U eivst (2):
—— #4
te
i should not be ;
mea apply dag passting -Jechiniqu« grams Ou in
he {1 Recu gion.
* Sana
A sb|vCe [Daa
C Sabb|d
Dada
SD is welets.as D vot deniving Heaminaly Airectty [iwelivecat,
No null productions
> No onit, productions [Nt NI]
7 l MO?
= Rett Recuasion + heft ae «lp:
AA “lp .
A A
“ete voy IN
Al _»s Ale Ay a Nee
“al PB oF /\ p
yYfCr erat i a
To T¥eFle
F id Je p
PEAT DLR. . -
feb) Kigud_ Recursion
€'— +Te'|e Aa alps A E
T>T¥ele 4 A aoa
voN LN
T> FF! (Fr) p< A A
Tren |e ! Ls
Wen CFG, €—>Te! re p
1 >Fr i
“= +Te'/e
Toe [es
Fo idis ; eoTe
pi +e lé
tort!
qo set le
—_ id (Ce)
cont (6) < Fnst U) Fostl)= (LG
cast (e)= Ate)
gost(t')= 4085.
js aaAld
po cdlef
fast (5) = haya
fiost (A)= heed
§) sa nce|Cbb| Ga
A= da| 8c
6 79/€
co hile
Fists) first (A) vost V
firse(8) :
= {gyAvesnyu Aheel
viaead
= hayb,argshty
Fost(a) = 4.4.4, net
Fist(py 2 4q,€4
Fist (c) 2 Ah é4
h) Sane,
A cle
Bdle
Fist(s) = hal
Fist (A)< fo £4
Fisst (8) ae}
5) S> Aabh| Boea
ATE
Boe
Fist (= sarevieod
2 fonb,e4 FOE
“First tn) = 484
Fist (B= AE4 Riles for_fo \low
for stacting symtoel
a) A> KBB
Follow (B) = Jost(p)
JAS«B 1 POF
fq « Saald
Ascdles
Follow (s) = Ag
Follow (A) = 4 fi
2) S7AABb
Ax Cc\e
Bodle
ale) = 44
lA) = fost)
= {4b4
fle = Ao}
follow (8) « -fotte (8)
jaad f
3) snce|c b6|84
A—da|BC
Be
Cone
Follow (5) < h $4
Follow(n)= Fist (B) = 4h, aft
Follow (8) = fash qd 44
Felon) = fa,g, bh, a Y
Fost(n= 44, 9, 68
First (8) = bqve4
Fost (ed: huey
i {hits qsa, ody pote i
HOO Fics FILA)
goat lé / AC idl
qt Ft Ficer)= Aayey “
Tere | OV Greed
pce) fid
cota
ale) = 44, v4
plt)= fice = A495
a(t)= {44 yi
fo(F)= Fi (1): 4m, +, $, yy
LAW |
Predictive | action
stack ce ete’
fk id sia Kid q
. eT
pid
+
7
#
wa vewiched,
ple
els+Te
metehe st
r— eT
Froid
tA matched.
lore’
maiche
oid
TA matclr< 4
Yi se
eles
MACE, Success pel GO ACB|C be | Ba “joke
A dal oc f (d+ A byt 4 * follews
, “r(eys AQF oh
ql PO fdig by 8 FAB
cobs Weeds fag b £ay FA) hoa Fh
| a bole | do} ree 4gab9)
- SoBa\ SeChB |S be
6 | SOA a ph | SO ba . ‘F(0: 49, 4,64, +
A | ada [ABC ABC . :
7 Boe :
AT
lex progam to find re, of Vowels and consonavdds ju the Gren Shing
Cee peer Ae fing nv. of vines, pores ard chosactes inte inpet.
cd
Ftp aunt ne- of integnss , fie ating pont nos from eo inpek.
; o- 4+ \: :
tr (sf out of atl word 1 Cungth Wee stoeting wt a.
yylen x
#10 pogo +o “find firt & follow
3
fla
GF Grammer: —
x] SOA SoA: j-abad
A ~anfad (Le) Az in tt
Bobet Aaa 5 abhl
i { A + AD!
4 E oa aloartle
Fis pf: Colles
F(s)= 4a} e() A$
E(a) = fa} (A= APY
F(A’) > £484 ecat) = Af
e(8) = 46/4} | Ce) = Five (al) v Font (OD
roe Ada
F(c) = jdt 9} —_
Foxséng Talele i
jo ie iy fF Tp
s | saa
A | Avaea'
A) 4 -dal Alssé
% B>bBe
Bof
C Action
SA
A ata)
a matte S
b> bBC
bp natehod
. BOF
4 modeled,
cy ¢
/
S> AnAb | 66B4 EV est T ;
AE ee | + 4
Boe T7374 ii
Re cur stor |
No left Recursion cett : : %
\
First Follows, elo + TE le. €7Te
P(s)= ha, of pis)= Ad Pests
Flas heh — FLD = 4070) Toe
F(e)= heh. Fle) = Lb) ginets Follows
eT eceee= kar FCO =H}
F(e)eAn2y FE oAfh
PO 434 e(r)= {4 fi
a b
S |5-Aonb] s7ePbs
stake
fs abt Sanaa
fora bf AE
£bA q Beh a matthed Sek ;
$b a __¥f fe f f |
; ceed ge me TT
py AR sain ego
4 f succesegul \ a
ae fete fof 1?
tee ge a
4 Su cost e
with
i Mode
we ep
‘Ke coves
—
top yf a CA cearvert
ase
sapeet Set ea respective 7s
ond CY
cash Ay fe 4idf
omamwate he 4
casen! fe 4 +idg
Recovery Technique
Panic Mode Steers
watt
ear nals
sacle up
fe fide vid
ger Arr iad
Lee ida idd
fen triad
Ss arbc[ar
athlon
2h
qe
Fid
tA irked Bott Up Passén
uses RMD in
severse onlet
S—aabe
A >Abc]b
Boa
=. abbcde
A Ge
Ss Sa ahbe
/\ S safieede
An Fi $7 ahpede
{ | S abbede-
abbede
=) Bettom Up Possess are alto
Kuawn a Shift Reduce passers
(2) poses:
— a fous aLtions- Slift, Reduce,
Acttpe, Reject
+ Binur bide pest (hardle Ss
yeploced oy left side.
eo)
rR
— lon be applied wen on
Rew ve rrammagg.
ARIs) items
Aa NZ
A? XYZ
A2Xwee
A OXYZ- (Complete [ina
seduced jte9
— indicates row fat vere
Seow +
=. i
, 2. RWS AS
Clasise a Me
i A7 G-Bb
B33
item
if 6B precech by non~ Tera)
als
Set vf Lies
7] — seymbel
(any er
bets
J. ava. bb
gots [2,8] :
v
Adfune- (A248 b)
=> A> aBb slack pudy
aumbes, ade
eect add 1 a
ae nie ref d
oS Peete
‘yl ~ s “Anguenc wt
ye? La? * ae
[sta]
— stout lp
) e JL gos (a) g Sa
joe 9
Lfoceag 96 HS
2
2| 2 x,
: poc sf 2,L25
; To] focety 7f se
sfeafess|s[z5] 1) powsenn fer
“(mia Figae _ .
lelel tre) PS
accept
=
ws
3
UY) we [TY | a’ Overtome S-R eonglitt,
woe altace SLRC!) , $eraf eet
Algatithen, fas
»
Eottaa (1) e hott .
|_-__—-
Reduce - Reduce Conf lick + i¢ aus
oat ap $3
fons taf 2,0
foto._+a¢ Su
$3
Ariat ged ee
fore wite £ re"
forrener £ ue
sot f AE Osa Aanb (been
Ee Az GAre
(Pe
$,Bbba-
Az one
u hans
a 5
cr k ane
(po
€(a): fa64
F(8): 4b, a4
a5) = 4g4
“Reduce Reduce Conflict”
Not SLR Grammar CLR ~ Gannonical CR lassen
Le) or arti)
YL CRO) 4 book ahend
cles
ysAAa
AAA As
VA fe gonzaui he
“donaannh vg
fos __f accept
a gone
n SLR Vsnn-
Daan
JAIL
CLR contacns move space thar ia SUR»
LAL:
Adentity URI) Hom fires le Heme ane samme bat lootatod
Symbols axe differnt
» Mezge such states
- The main qt ic to Wduce the tthe size “of. CLR.
fal Dag) omy eae Se ON menged,
- CLR + mange Gtates = LALR
- No Specigic DFA -@o use aR’
» CLR i most
t wh echuique but ane cto its inepprcrer]
we 9° weth LALR.
wee LALR '
Perea grams is CER but nel Vice ‘
versa Recursive decent coves
eTop down pacser
+ GreeUmMan fliula be free fom lof (ae cur,
itn
for EVEN Wlon- Letninal , cle fine pec dures.
1k
t SAA
gobne
a
3) 52 BFE “D4 ciune one conppiets, MMe CLE elie can mse LA LR (aptimiael
versie of tae)
