| | | | | | - G INTRODUCTION “To ANTENNAS Tintroduchts oe ©. ~ | | Re Aimtenna feo Smonce or Tadiodtl dy eke Wognehe Waves or a Canch dh electromagnetic. caves. Tb ic a chansityn device or transducer blW oO Fetdech wave and | x bree Space wave or Vice Verca. Tb fe abso ar clectrieay | Condncdt oe Sytem Th Gmcluctde Tob radiola EM energy | Tnt® O¥ Collect EM enexgy brn free Space. | | electo magnebhe (EM) wover, KAP Sh these Neeomaeal waves Faclade fhe Nght bros the Sin ared the Goaves veces by yous Cell phone ov “cacd'o Yow) eyes ane basvealley | * seceiving aentennos® that Pick UP eleutcomagnevic coaver that one By Oo poorer) “Frequency . The cols: that you see Cred, Qreen, blue), cre each anes SY clibbeenb frequencia Mat you) syes Cop) cele ANN clerked mag netic. coaves, propagate ab fhe Came Spe Ta ate or fa Space: The, Speech Bp Lighr will be derbbect as Sct im the qquahbn fhab follews, we £’ke te bee . stt om CAengis meacered) Th mete, chime i Soereb, matt in| ~Antennas Funchon by deanemitting or vece!v fey Sclemce Kilogyoms). | Sse]| Types Sp Antennas $- io Wise antennas g olipsias, loops acd Metical @ Aperhac antennas s- Pyramelal Norn, Gmiead, Recrangalat @ _ NAP Antennas + Patety Antennas ‘® Rekle td) Pale nnas 2 Porabibic Rebletsis | © thera enTennoe f= Yagi, logy — periodic @® Lens Ankenwmaa a Conver lens § ace Wire Astinnas MASA . = oe ee RVAY WME Oy Cuaromatsbes | : i Ahr And so om. p> Thee ane varias Shape Te wire amlenma such os Steight wive Coli pale) , loop and hab'x. ete. | > The moat Cem rapely Used) amienna is Ine L'ptle antenng ad | sheen fn fg. Dr Ys made UP Pp two Steis'ghh thre etndushe | Waying along fhe Some Onis Re cnelthng Sree Te Kepk | a Be contre, willy Q exvering Croce ak the cemre, 0 Syrmmne ene pile 1s Prootuced: | > The loop amtenna ax Shores Tn Hig, onsialy O singe fan of | rem y chem apie dorming a loop. Dr is generally ara | | by a Gene roast cbitectly. Te feld predated by a loop ens Jo yey much Sim710% apo Hea preclucedd by Snail dpe . r ex batxeol > Te antenna wilk a wire io HE form @ Redtx BOS : antenna Te helital by a ground plane Je collec! elie antenno jc ay Shmon in ke F'9-| i } | @ Aperoe ~pnte nmas & | ls, Uy Die tiny pation, ES Ta erat, ft must be Yespmast to excite | i Jorge ampunt Sh proenr: Bur Tp an apare ts lenge, Te ne mot be Tesrmam- fey eClE i fe TRE Gorn exOmple Fp Aparbne cunvlenna cwoilk tangas | | opatwe fo boro Ontenng OS Shown fo #9: Ley The been antenna fs tapeect ab pne end tohich Peavy Lg tansiben 4) Guualing system and Swrsanding* | | TE is also Grompaly Kamon as clectromagnehe heen. The apatfere Famienna fs abo Ucehut foe the bawad bend crgnab. Escarples [owns @® Pyar iadar born ® Convear Hon = © Redanguloy horn,(3) Micxostefp antennas &- Fence Aen ce Le Mifero Shep antennas ane prtenony. Vee} FBT SPAR ‘Beene, appeicatons > Tee antennas Consish yo metalic parehen grounded eubsteale- . Ls metalic patch can take many olifperem bh Conp'gurah amemng fkem vetan gulor and Cincalon pabehe ae pore becoe tp cose Op analys's and fobsicah'po and vocab’ cha aks iches. > The, microstip antennas anc low prop le, Compor table planay and nom planey stafaces, Simple ound Fneapensiv and very ves able Th}eams ssaartmanhk frequency, palori3ey so Palen and Smpectarnce : Ly The arbennas On be tbumied sm ARS cxapoce te. | high Peshormmance cireraph, Space Cragt, sobel to ard | | 5 | poiees'les ete. i Ea atm ples 2 w @ Rectangular round Plone © heculon 4 TES Cc. _—_ Yroand Plane@ Replectst Antnnns yz Panabslic Reflects oe Use sto Communteate over geeoh | ec in weelen to teary Smik Ano wecelve signals thar | had te travel brillipas % roi les. { Se antennas A fh's type hove heen betlt cole olf rattob | | chameleon as forge as 305M, Such large dimen os ane | the figh San wegutzed) po bean tint or | neete? to Achieve vec ve signals afte rors mle BY teavel- OS Pavabaie Ripe t31 colt fermk feoo} RRR AR a Re > —— + — ) aes ——_> | | | 2 @ Penabilic Rekload] wit caccegiain -ficol | CSS gt ND gated! | i | | | i Stale Relea] |6 Frrog Aatunnas t Ay Mange pphre atoms weg pire radiahon chanathesho, that moe J mot be ackteuable by o Stagle The. ccrrangesenl- SE tm orerayy mo be Such thot te spacti hon yom the clement adas “ptr Ave o ada oF fm Olkew: j max in @ parteutar rewire and Mar — es Roe @Q: Arar tery 1 - | —bdo Aero. ® Yogi = | all © Lene antennas ’- ny Lense. ae peinord | energy to Preven = Buy properly Shopping the apy pro materia oy over gent energy fauident divagenh vad te collimate ‘ Jreat diveshoh tk hee spreading Dades the. Qeornetrvey omg Bh lensed, they fee plone 0H weak oe) ‘ cos, and chsosin 1 seansbpiry Yoorouy fore Example i eee Convey — Plane Coniven — Con COVe Come — Come o LTRad fare Meehan tern 2 e | Single wife. antinna wee pe Corcbyerind yolks one rmataial, fn whieh motion Sf. Sletec chonges Creatis Cument Hw Conardey Cement ctemsily Ta) fe thin waite amtinna hin 15 grr by Ezy © Sy — Nolume Chonge atomaitiy | Ve — Uniform vetoes 42 cbreuwon > Dp Comclucsvily wire fs ermatt se tith, then the Cootalt F density com be. -septoumbea with cootink tmagh Greta tt] ‘2 fs Qin by Fa -Yo. ——© Aipuwtorirg a> @ Ate 9 sit ar ak ote 9 Me a, — aceduahdn G change —7 Vo create yactaboe thee must be time Vary'ag Curdemt ey accelerabon of deaceetachta % changes. | 7 To creat change. Gece] uabon or cleseluahen eh cote rust be cued, bank, obicdmbnurn, Etiminated ont trun cated,curved E : | Sse As | truncata) armed bers inated D Th cheges ane oot moving, ceovemt- 1s noe cveates) | and thee fs NO vodioko @ By chorge is roving coil Uniform velocily | 8 Thee fs no vadiaron ip the vite IS Strodght: and fnpaite tm exten | >) Tree ‘Ss CAQIAHry Eurminated and truncated ® Ly chorge is oscillakag In a een if te wla Ws stealgnt Ihe wolves ceowedl , bent, AD'sGntnua. | Erne —o han fF radvate |“Two volte ~Antinna §- OANA AARAR WY ev" See] “Transmission ting “| -mte nnn, Radidted wave | ry APrhging voltage Spence. ACTOSS hod ConduLs] Traine coreoles eleticic Held) behocen fre Conduusu, | TP Te ehucie Held has eleanic, Lew A bile wiih one. Tangent £0 the eleuie Beto) ak each Polat. and ther Stengtir fs PropdlHonal +o the Bleetne piety foes sit | S Re dele Lin Bh bilce , bes the brea, Es wilpo | fAem Conducts] to be asplayed ~The moversunk Choge cacalig Coadent qynith inten) Creal magqnene Held Tnten sityoe | Hy Bhetiric fled bin stort on AVC amd end om —VE ang) So DH Lpt Ineiby . ly magn eie Had Line Talwar for closed, Iwop Posngeethg | te, Comat” conrying Gaduady WwW Phystectte, feere fT ane no magnate Chonger- = free, Closeal low ps S dette asd magnere fines obiae fis olatoa cy feo, the Grdaud] fom grrsed mecium to the fee cpace Teorcting te vodkiahinn mecha nl gro. Dfpele Antenna 2 ney anne g t= i ® ese kad a Jo ©) bet ‘a Antnro BG ry DipSle anlinna fs Mere wlre eontanng. Tt consist Sh. fe | arwo inca Gaducrdls cacy + Lungty Lo. | Hy DipBle amtenna com be fripinitesinnat Dipole, swral) Lipde, Hole length ct péle. ~y Diphle antenna is a Sy roaster ead attenna th whith ends me at eqteipstmtrat velodtve & wid Point | > TE arts as varnati] emengg (s vepieded bo ene to end B which aves wise to stanaling Loaves alenig the length op the anstenna. | > During tee pivst quontes hath Sp tke hme pesiod Law | teaver eacbiod ob'stamee Sp Aly arid the Lines Sp force om Crrotect blwW te coms Sh Stout Center fed obipile amétnna, + Dursing Newt qrorter halh- ay the -bme Povo) ft original & Lines traver am addition sf 4]4 abistamG amd ae ctemsity Go th Concluctd] beging te cleeninsh 7 giace RO IS NO mek Chorge om te Ombenna the Lt BL plc ME blest fo datoeh them calves prom the Grol dls amol te Unite tegelke te form closed loops. { Teoteppic Gevtemna S- Ae EE A) BN asntenan with “mdiata eqyrathy Vey cu olive os witismb lose VS cohed” Yeteop ie amtenna * Divewsonal @6> ONIN] Ofvectomal «Antennas j ee eee | Pr FA asNEEMNA Winith -cactlats moarimum fo amy aserte |e | | IS coated ” Dieetenal antenna" pear. obirectionAntenna Parameters | Reoltior Patter 2 & p rt eo son \ebe- | ] [Soe tee | Baum be | > FH amkwana rodiahirn Patan oF antenna Patten ig defined as © A Matkemayead Pancha or 0 Praphicot | EP YEN AON ay the radian propa tes 5; the Ont.nny | wD a Pus cron + space coordknale asntenna Cant rradsote Eno | | 1 > peavh cally ory | colt Some Strength Libernby , fn oy cbirecHow TE NS -bouno} that te wocaron is lenge fa wae re - waile Beno oF min te ote ablrethen 7 Be geno: the -cadslacnon POD Fe nothing kab a | op op whith Shows fhe | Bp Em Pelob of AB the point” | obistoma free tke, antenna,7 vaciahon postern, 7s ap Hqune hence Sphericay cocoa cystery sr pb\o9) Coorcb’ralk: System Cri dig) oe Used to | Weprescnt ~adsioshon pases fo 2D woes SeeHon Sp | { ap fe token ep Tre vodiation prom amtenna fh amy direction ts Frmecouneal in teams op -fetd shength. Reid Shengik fs | catcetabic) by measuring vdtages ak theo pofak dom deuric Uno a flee amd then obiviching by distng | Principle Pattonss- naar PlNeeC Ny > Fala Uinnooky pélarizeol antenna , Perboro ame ts | Shien clesca’bed forearms tf i pein ipod ERY Plame Jur 190 point: wahose Unik one vir or eV |e, Parperns. |B —Plawe patpery arstpsmcmeeserat 7 F-Plane patie fs a plane @arrouorng elec PUo} Hover) aso) the obire Chon + mar, “Tadslah'on md Whey Mognitude anol HE Normdbiad fete Geng Se plotteo) Versus 9! with "p' Coasts the patter 1S Colled E=Plame of a vubecal ar elevation of AB plane | | E-fied Aparne chsh bubin| F—Plame Patton |, alicia ky HePlone fs the lose band tht cdietion S$ mak: Aire cho > whoo the noemabad Bed steeng tir vs plotted rf youu ‘¢ wil Bags the Pabtesn 1S Caheo) bt Plane or | azimuth o¢ Horizonte 9 xY ~plone, Confarning magnenc Peto) Veet] Repel Apert Ustlesnen > wrobar'on Ped sheng hay shoo Coro ponent Eo geg ex [gence Ee — total ec —yeld Stenglty Ea — fonp Wade. 8 Gomporent | Ep — Aenp ade re Geen poemNormealizec] Freel Patten & (7 TED roctotton pathy FR amtenna fe eAprssed ftom Hp) | Baal stengl® thes ~roc\fetten pare fs coued fred) Steg Posen” | Ly re ts chtaind aBiviebing a ad cremperent by tke roy valae. [The mormabized) Bag Patan fs Giremsioniess number wtlee | Dan vob Be unity. > Bablag fnimsiby in 86" dhivernion as & -fanction 3 og | is given by Eote§) ancl gd cbiveetian Epl09) then ere | Bier intem eiby Try %8" diveuson Normalised Power Pexttern oes ene+34 Nodlosion TS Uxpressed FrActens B- Power Pen Valk sili | angle then pottery ts coulad ” Power pattem” wk fo poopdHomay ty Sqrone Mh -fietd strength pater Ls, Nocmaliting tht Power tove-te mow value ores norrmaliad Pow Raber cr & Pan cater ange win fe cbfenension less Gand mar value Vs ont “Pwgle = SO Sto. P max step) is ik poyn tng veet3| £5.89) + Ep (O#) ¥ Zo Zp — Inkins'e Tepedan Ce | SLOP max | Ke mor volun s Corp) | Radiahrn Paiern lobes j; oer Ore | > Verio: © parte Be A racklarion pouyern anc Arberred te a4 lobe > f vasblation Isbe fe a pavon Mp the seootlesh'89 P atter0 | | bounded by regions TW atotw peak, todtalios ‘estan tg) 2| | Major Ihe 5 Tk fs atebtned a" he wodioh'eo bbe Gmtauinit PN + ecidtOD . . the ctiveebion A meusimum ghia 00. The mayor lobe 1s pointing in Be Bao cbivecton. nner uy the lobes with aRCopHory Oh the. ras oF lobe. Can be classified Od mia [obes. Miovs lobe -~ Pm be. excepl meg or [be Dn above -£'9. Side Ioher- Te fe a “Aadiobion lobe fa any. olacepoo Offes qe thon tke tkerdac) lobe (Usually a side fobe achfacent te | Ke main lobe) | Back Iobet- Et ''S A Amoblation lobe whose axis makes tn RRNA a angle oo Opp romd mately eo” wae do He bean Sf Qn Onl r Beam wid AIBEENNA Beary Ud IK- fg fhe mm eaoune. 5 dire Fr em ameenma, The ambtenna bear edie 18 RE anguiany col exprestca fin olegiees whith If measured 0m He major lobe | oe “eadsotion pottery + en ambtenna, Theran one 4wo pe a Rraesustalen | I, Hp Bw- Hol Powe Beary wi'tK— 2. Firsb Nad Beam wil IHalk pow, Beary wlll s— Parra ore” | | The angetar wid, wa the’ major lobe | y sracliathoy Patten petocen 10 Pointe whoe He powey i hath: nox. Yodklaked poco fs cated HPBO- Hes, be pon sloewe ese apo hot’ Ay 7B mar value | Fist NU Bean whale AR eee When te angetos) eilalk~ fe mearcred bw the flask mutts os firs fob TE te cated FUBo | The forte afpecring beam cstollt one ie shape +e Raokiad on pakhan 2, Dimensions Of antag | 3. eoave long A tm antenna has fied Pastan given by EW=as" whee C4 B6q5 Find HPBO- | % eo B68) = CoO \e Go = Whee j Sparing om BS Gs8 = + 62 es Ub) © = 33° HPppe = 293° = 66° oS| Fete Regicns 2 - Fon fielal Ciraundepen vee!) ¢ | Annan | | | : fo The space Smomman ding the ankinna ie cbivided ferbo 2 Cegioay, they Oe. @) Reakve, fied ssegion Cnot “reycbingying ) ® Radiating ner fet C Freanet repo) | @ Fea feral (Fraunhtfen vegion) | IP) Reaerive ner Piero} | j= ee FE Ts Q veg mime cbiadelip suriroiinebing ambenca | | whan Yeackve frei olominates. TE escict “ot a ol’ Man a | ne 062 JPA | Whee A —twave length : | D— Distance ob ankang ® Rockating Near fietol = Sianiateneiund NEST Te fa defined 0 egirn behorn 062) DB | te 2p hee angler Plud ol She buon te ole peerdenb- zn | obithaca. prem ankinna | } |PAAR RRR ~ Fan fled region ercists ok a bistan ce 2D whee Angutan Ped list bho fs iaakpendenf- a cUistants fem an knna ve clebinedl cc plane angk. with TE ® Poot field CReount her eqn) | |Racbiant- Raoblan een ak cenke Sp Chace ceooklus "1? Scbdenclendlecl by an ore length 7 | | | | | » | i ‘ ad oh Fy Since Gireumponee Gp & crrcle Aadiuy Ais CH2hH | | thea one 2% Aooblians rn a ful crack — (2Ad}y) Ske saben s- | anne ~ skeactian ire oleploca! as ealitel angle wile Ne verden ab be Centre yr sprac of Hecetn "ES Te Subtenctenol by a Qphv'cal Suxpacr area equal to kar 4 Spurs colle each side a beng 1%? prea = is Ly The Infiniti sincd oxsa ala on fet Seapace F 4 apie A docks A? [fe da = sins docld Te. sélid ange sae} 4 sphae ts da= de = snedeap (x) | <| Rastioaion pense dest i € wane RA! 7 Bleuromagnene slo wanes ore Used be tronspac lohormbhp teeugh wireless mechun oF eatetaing gtry che. per Te pink +o tke ORE) point: } ~ Peis qeeume to tat power and enugy are aso Cate | | wit eleucomagnehc. Pelee i The quantliy used te clescerbe pe power a scocfated| coi Hh Bm wave fe te inctantangow Veet] fhe | P= Exh PK instar tanemu poynting Yeetil, in «om? E— Imstoamtaneous cletine died fotensilie | A= instam taneous tagntnc -fieto orenailg 7 FA time Veo ghing fielaly fh 1s mble desirable to fd te. Aveonge Powe, ten sity toh Th i's abtained bey mG qrakog | ike Insta banesus poymbing veers] over dre period Ger! drvitad | by Pervocd- p> PR Ame hormonic varie hon bm ort 1 Goaphy -Pretls | EE ome given by : ~ Jeor Fay ao = Re [Eerie € *] a Stor Henge) = Re PHeayay © Re fe e a sory t os - + jot "I = See ahea te = Refes*] ab fedttes er) Re fH Jer] et [He"®,. frei]Pa Exh cabinet | na pedtetc] nm [Hes te] <3 5 Lents en aBeds eae? al a eee Hany + +f eae” a (tyer" ny =t |35€ SAE ayy bet 5 exe rae serie os] Cay ap § aR (E ant ge 4 5 Ake [ene aa “ih | 6 te exh + 4 $e cent | Bog = (ExS)= 4 he exw) | aug 7 cite fe EM fico] * & i t x Te Power density assocrakd i pre ctemi nately acct antenna fm tke Ban fretd Acgior do WY Raol'ah'od cten sve coh th ab ackerrcad ated by an ankeane V's gree by Ls Te averoge Poor Aael” Paect = Pavg =f Peat 45 = plang As \ 7 b Re Ex) obs xRocbalive Dnt, sik 2 | SS @ ¥ Rackahm STisten si Tr aq Qin obtacchion fs lef nec| as e | be power oob'aped feren an antennas Per valt sali angle | Tp ig denotecd by vlerf). | M5 TE can be abtetned by simply muttipdying te gadlrirh'on) clon sitG bey Be Square 7 Be aobsshan ce. Us Power | Gait sil angle | | } } | P a Jf | | ~ te hawk ads ath da | an A Bp) = A] : | | VES) = x lavg | Hy Tre fodat power is ebtatncol by fateg rating Ke Aadiahbn fnten ify oves He Entre calid angle se | Feat = ® Pag AS ols = avonededp | " R Poug. a sind todo | | Lge” | I heal = b LEP) Sind ola = | | incle peaclest ap We 2 Fel an feoteopic Core CEs) will be | angles Sand g- | wae | Paod = J | Lord) sing do op o | La n : = v(Bp) } at | Sin O = vleP#) 27 (GS) = VUig) and Peao) = 4% U(6rp) _ oe Ae 2 Pre DoHp> Mag perme JDtrectivilp Ke | i> Divectiuity ay on eontenna cebined Or ‘ the roto Fp He intensity in & Qven re hon fen the antenna to he Todktth on intensi Ge avenged ov QU Airecdoas , I> fhe avenge Tolh ton ineen sity fs equal “10 tS totad_pows rooblated by tet: antinna clivided by 4% Be. Pleas — PCE Plow PCOPug = Pec 40 Pra) sinodtedp 3 — nr = |" [rou cine doag o = PCR e Seton. tde= singd Od ax ) \"pcoip) svnpee dp ob = PRO Pmax | ae | x) \" eCard) ohn | \) Dee ~2 Lh 2h i . pled), se) eed) due LPOG = == * I PCO Wenax PCP eraq = 5 _ 4 ny * oe LPP paced ae o myer y=] } Rata) 42- b1 ~. > Direavity to climencivnlese Quontlp flan fdealised | feotsopyc amteong Ra = 40 | Be ey | 4h | > FA simple chile Lip amtinna® gea= 2.407 Dat _ ye \ 26H bs £3) the antinng tonick rachis ov holt- a Sphoe paso Be 4P oe. 2 PT MPR coe grins ah chiveUtilly fe given by ° hn i aersp nl Sup — HPRW inp chisecH Gap — HPBO in'p? ohiretthon TOF mies) ha one nesglectecl Rab Th ripe ax an im 6 Gp clivectioa then inet cbiveci! eet and WP Promttemenbeliy- 1 on 5 D= 2530 41283. loa Shap x fap 20X20 oO D De Fee. © Ae . inp | Shp apap 20420pee The mieten pros densi ap cmau chipsle Length Aay ic Qhen by Poug a Wag = Acsinoe x Dedeitine re, = directivity a an antenna, sf D = $F VOP men “hs Rag = Por = Ay lee = Uap) = Pave = e Aosin® oe LEPmae = f° Prag = > VIGp) Sinodo df Bg — : a7 [ro oid. Sino do df 5 oO = Ao l [sito Je ag = Ao | inte dO ya 8 2%. bo) Si9" 6 olb oO Sip = a » = shite |’ (ashe siaele + y = fe 2k 8 (ao 30) a ° o lS « rovan fa. (14) ah Ordh = Aer 9 3 “Ey 2 oz Si038= Qoyno ~48/0°8 5am | 3 aryp — $1036 | = al alpeo? The. necmabfard “Praled Pater Bp an arakenno “in| cind cing BI OSE MR, open “Ord | | | Ey = c ra 8) Dive tiul&] 8) Appeontiendda, Dive ate c) Decibel Aikrewnces ef ————— Ds 40 | *Petod) ta o ie @ Rorag) = Bs C9) = @ho sin) | = sive cog . | Da sx JV" etdacinyp)sine ole ag 3 | | = $e : 7 | 6 F S88 3.08 hin [erPocdte |ercgap | 3 é Sin'd = S8NB-siago i x + | = ————— = Sin ~ Gp | Jo — Sin36 | ie a He | (eet) ap ~ = ae a = = awe | = OSCE GLO | a 3@+0) (8)© Decibel obifferen a | = Ip le 6 » er | eee Re vadiodion foteasitte tp tk rey oe Jobe, Bf soaony embinnas Can be Aepruinkd by Ua Pp Core tohnre Big 1S the, tar Waakiebon palpi He OPP ke we into sity. The. Footiccten tatagaie «sty emicphac O66 Rln, OF PE2N. find (ad Bra stlid ange, 9 Cb) mar. Dive etivilyall Grain Fp @ antinna fe depiend a3" Te rato of the Token sity, fa a Given cbieeehon jto Ko wacklatin | Intew siby jkob would be obtcuned Th the powwsy Accepte of by He arilenna wore rvacbioded fen troproolty . > vadiatd pow fs onion fs clebined on " the rao dp he powe geo ing | Gre olireetin “Fe The Power Javlo By Q veferemcs Ankiana | | fn UE AebOmmect adtvecton’ sp The eftramantinng i Ustabtey a, oLipéle, horn, ony Oley antenna those gevo aan be cal celated F Do > The acheenG. antinna ss a logsless Fsotsoprc Seerce, Gy = Pee, govln in clireetion (arn) Pre gain i repereng dnkens in eo Acferemes olive Hoo | | Sra 4 4% VCP) | Pio (105s Je teoreopic Sma)x Pimténnan Racliochon offic iemty o be 4) | |, eee oan eae A, Ly We Conducnon~ cbicketcle ebpicimay Cccp fe oebinee} | as the wobo fie. Powsh clalivered to Ke seaokeahioy pest short Ry to tke Power cllivercd to Re and RL | | The. roollocthon ehbicieneg. Can be wieitien | | ead = [Ae I 3 eed = Prot = PP | Ze Ra ee e | aS Ne AL | Ta-Bre antenna Se Som n-ne Arete > Fo metal red Sp hengtk WU and vathown cre09s- ection aneg fy the Ac creefStamte fs given by | Dae a & | te = 4] ~ The ee0ss secron Sp reo) > the Cerfemk IS Gompined to C1 | Pty Aaya, near fhe Comolucts] Suspeice. Hes ey Tre fgie, tR tigh — Frequent. Atatstanen Can he Ot} bowed 0 O vvform Cundrot ol ith) bwchbn | [or fe~ 4 [se | | Pepertmaer Sf the cososs Seto US vod (eco) oD Re — Condlatd\ Surface weskeba nce | tw — angular frequency T= Grol epi mottay Ho Perneakitity sf free iIc 2 z oe catuity, Relotion Retueen gen and Dire chy ¢* k | fo coasrareaeniinss AR AANA Vern A Btiiclenay Bean ambona fa gues Sp ecq = Pema = “4 Pin Pin = Parone eq | Geo Fan anbong is 6)= 4% Ul6/p) Prey = 4% V6bp) Prod “eq = ech 4m vlOrp) | Preeagy | Tx Bs $m Lio) = &a DOR) Prod Nott The gavin, omy Sealer Fmclucles Anitnna efhoenty ancl kirectinn at Properties Ar an amianna. Antenna Eh ciemoy ee Tape, _ Ante cma, , sesemivals | Tojp tewtee (apse y C chiveto'y Fic ral = era) ge |te The ‘totah cbprcenay 26 Ts Weedrto take isthe acenunt losacs at tRe input teiroinals and wits th. 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A Qiven UrecHon ts debing THansenitte Creobioded) Az Pllorieon'on SE vadtatd wave ts clepined ay" hak { propesty ap en em wove de seri bing TRE ene — Varying tee Hane — vorging divehon ano) welahve Prag nitude. a Lina) Pdlocizotion i eleaaric — fer vectdl: | ine | my ‘Eme shown wave fo Locesly, pSlarizec) ot a Biven Point fy Space, ‘ke E-Held or m- Hed ab tab point fe always oriented aheng Same Stecuight tine ak every instant LY time. | j | | ! | | p> Re DEsestary and Cufbicient Conob'hioms thot ici) vec E or Ho cholo sabchy @ Only ema Component ie. ether Ba or Eq ® Two orthogrnal Groponenty that ane fh time prove | |80" out af phave wik- each ober ® Creator Palarizatinn ¢— Treen epee Fr? & time harmonic wave fe Said tobe Chreutardy | PSlavized & Spe. Th E-fieid or tq —field vees3] ob th 1 POInE Eracera efrcle aya Fanerion Sp bene | Py een and subiicient Conchtioes ae,