Water management system using IOT

Arvind Kumar*,Satyam*, Khushi Grover*, Pratima Kumari*, Nusrat Pravin*

*Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
BIT Sindri
Dhanbad, India
[email protected],[email protected]
[email protected],[email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract—In this paper we investigate the design of a water Here, a combination of IoT and water level controller yields
level sensor device that can monitor and regulate the water level an IoT based water level sensor and controller.
in a specific water tank or other water storage system is examined Among other things, we can keep an eye on our daily intake
in this study.
The system uses the level detector component to first determine of by measuring the amount with the proper equipment, water
how much water is in the container, and then it modifies the whether they are used for home or professional purposes, such
water pump’s state based on that data. Through the use of an as water level measurement equipment put in a water tank or
ultrasonic sensor and user friendly interface application. We can any similar storage container. In this article, we suggest a water
automate the working of the water pump, when the water level level monitoring system that can detect water flow in either
is at level 1 or zero level then the motor will automatically start
and water starts to fill up the tank up to level 8 when the tank an upward or downward direction and then display the right
will automatically stops to avoid overflowing or water. as well as depth of water within the container.
manually control it from our application
Index Terms—IOT, Water level sensor, Node MCU, Blynk II. S YSTEM OVERVIEW
application, Ultrasonic sensor The suggested system is a two-part model, the first part
includes of an ultrasonic water level sensor that is connected
I. I NTRODUCTION to NodeMCU. The ultrasonic sensor is used to capture the
Water wastage is a major global issue that affects communi- percentage of water present in the tank, now gathered data
ties around the world. With the increasing global population, from the tank or water storage is communicated it to the blynk
the demand for water is also increasing, putting a strain application through NodeMCU (Water level sensing unit). The
on already limited resources. At the same time, it is our second component of the model also includes a relay that is
responsibility in a community to contribute to this good cause used to turn off the water pump’s power source. Now, the app
of saving water, which we can do by saving the water from itself can automate this procedure, and the app may be used to
overflowing from the tanks in our building. manually operate the pump. The algorithm is written in such a
[1]The use of internet of things (IOT) technology in water way that when the water level reaches 80 percent of the tank’s
management can help to reduce water wastage and improve the capacity, the automatic mechanism shuts off the water motor.
efficiency of water usage. By implementing sensors and other It is designed in this way to prevent water from over flowing
smart devices, such as NodeMCU, ultrasonic sensors, relay, form the top of the water storage container.
it is possible to continuously monitor and track water usage, When the water level in the tank reaches 10 percent of
identifying areas of inefficiency and taking steps to address its capacity, an automatic mechanism starts the water pump’s
them. This can help to reduce the overall demand for water, power supply. It is designed in this way to prevent the lack of
contributing to the sustainability of our communities and the water supply in the event that someone forgets to switch on
environment. the motor.
Overall, a project on water management using IOT has the Fig. 1 shows the general block diagram showing the differ-
potential to make a significant impact on the availability and ent paths of the system.
sustainability of water resources. It is a socially and environ-
III. COMPONENTS USED
mentally responsible undertaking that can help to ensure a
more sustainable future for all. By reducing water wastage A. Ultrasonic sensor
and improving the efficiency of water systems, such a project In this paper, we’ve used the HC- SR04 ultrasonic detector.
can help to preserve this vital resource for future generations. We’ve used this device to know the volume of water in
A water level controller is a device [2], that manages the the storehouse tank. [3] An ultrasonic detector is a piece
water levels in variety of systems like tanks, swimming pools. of technology that uses ultrasonic sound swells to descry
The basic function here is to regulate water flow and optimize the distance to a target item and also turns the reflected
system performance. Water level controllers find it’s applica- sound into an electrical signal. The speed of audible sound
tion in most of the households and also in some industries. is lesser than the speed of ultrasonic swells( i.e. the sound
 Fig. 1. Block diagram of water level management system

Fig. 3. NodeMCU ESSP8266

that humans can hear). The transmitter( which generates sound
using piezoelectric chargers) and the receiver are the two major
corridor of an ultrasonic detector( which encounters the sound 1. COM (common).
after it has traveled to and from the target). 2. NC (normally closed):-If we need the circuit to be closed
by default, we use this configuration. (In this case when
Arduino sends 5V output to relay, then high power circuit
will open.)
3. NO (normally open):- If we need the high power circuit
to be open by default (and the high power circuit will get
closed only when microcontroller sends 5V signal to relay),
then we use this configuration.

Fig. 2. Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)

The detector monitors the quantum of time that passes be-

tween the transmitter emitting sound and the receiver making
touch with it in order to determine the distance between the
item and the detector. The computation’s formula is
D = 1/2 ∗ T ∗ C (1)
where D is the distance, T is the time, and C is the speed of
Fig. 4. Relay
sound - 343 metres/second.
B. NodeMCU ESP8266 D. RF Transmitter and receiver
In this project, NodeMCU was used to gather and trans- RF module works at Radio Frequency.[6] It range varies
mit data from an ultrasonic sensor to the Blynk applica- between 30Khz and 300 Ghz. In this RF system, the digital
tion. Also, we can manage the motor’s power supply via data is represented as variations in ht amplitude of carrier
the Blynk application, and we have automated the proce- wave. The RF module we used in this project is a combination
dure using NodeMCU. A low-cost System-on-a-Chip (SoC) of RF Transmitter and RF Receiver and it works at a frequency
called the ESP8266[4] serves as the foundation of the open- of 433 Mhz.
source NodeMCU (Node MicroController Unit). The Espressif
Systems-designed and -produced ESP8266 has all of the
essential components of a computer, including CPU, Memory,
networking (WiFi), and even a contemporary operating system
and SDK.
C. Relay
Relays are used to control the switching of high power
circuits using low power signals. [5]They are used to open
or close the contacts (basically it is an electrically operated
switch). It can be controlled with low voltages (5V) which
can be provided by an Arduino. The high voltage side of the
relay has 3 terminals mentioned below:- Fig. 5. RF Encoder and Decoder
 of water in rural areas so that it helps to detect the unnecessary
usage of water and proper steps can be taken to avoid extra
overflow in the places where monitoring seems to be a difficult
task.
The previous existing system includes different techniques
to monitor the water level. The techniques include monitoring
system with sms alert, iot based and fuzzy based monitoring
techniques. This system is a easy and low cost water tank level
and pump control system which is controlled by the controller
“NodeMCU”.

V. E XISTED SYSTEM
The existing system consists of several water monitoring
system, which includes construction in water detection to mon-
Fig. 6. RF Transmitter and Receiver itor the system along with the insertion of GSM module, IOT
based water level monitoring system, water level monitoring
and control using fuzzy logic and PLC ground automated
We are using this device as a switch for our relay which in operation of water level monitoring and distribution system.
turn in connected to the water pump. The RF-RX (Receiver) Automatic water level control system or Automatic water
receives the high signal at one of the pin which in turn switches level sensor and controller system which includes assembly of
the relay. When the transmitted signal is high(1) then the sensors of four aluminum wires arranged at different levels 1/4,
receiver sends the same signal to relay and motor starts to 1/2, 3/4 and full level. The alignment is made in such way that
work. the ends of the wires are connected to the analog input pins of
IV. R ELATED WORK Arduino Uno. One wire is attached at the end level of the tank.
From this system we can conclude that which were assumed
Ayob Johari, Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab et. al. [7] proposed
electrode resistive sensors which depend conductivity of water
the design of monitoring system of the water level with an
at the desired points for level detection. There is a conduction
incorporation of GSM module which is to vigilant to the
of electricity between two fixed probes or between the probe
person in-charge by the help of Short Message Service (SMS).
and tank. The sensor output can be used in the different ways
The level of water is continuously observed and the data has
such as at the opening or closing of an electronic switch or
been sent by the help of SMS to respective in-charge’s cell
switching on and off of the electronic pump.
phone on the issue to reach the critical level. The system has
been examined with it’s proper function in order to lower the VI. P ROPOSED S YSTEM
chance of water scarcity in the water supply.
Ejiofor Virginia Ebere, Oladipo Onaolapo Francisca [8] pro- This work aims to introduce an automated water tank and
posed the research in introducing a controller to an automated pump to control the system which automatically controls the
water pump through the usage of various principles to design, levels of water preventing the overflow from the overhead
construct and to implement. Microcontroller is used to make tank and controls the pump if the level of water is below
the operation automatic for pumping water in the overhead the determined margin in the overhead tank.
tank storage system and it has the ability to detect the level The ultrasonic sensor is connected to the top of the water
of water in a tank, the on/off operation in the pump has been tank, which is continuously monitoring the water level and
displayed on the LCD screen. sending the data to the blynk app through the NodeMCU
Priya J, Sailusha Chekuri [9] proposed the concept of water attached to it. The relay is connected to the water pump, The
level monitoring based on IoT. The idea was to check the NodeMCU is coded to send the output as high to the RF-
system if it to monitor the level of water in the rural areas transmitter, then RF-receiver captures this signal and in turn
so that it helps in identifying the water wastage and steps are on the relay supply of electricity to the connected relay when
required to prevent the unwanted overflow of water in places the water level fallen down to 10 percent of the total capacity
where monitoring of water is not easy. to stop the overflowing of water. And the motor will stop once
In the other model water monitoring system includes incor- the water level rose to 90 percent of the total capacity to save
poration of GSM module which is to vigilant to the person electricity and to avoid the failure of the motor. From the user
in-charge by the help of Short Message Service (SMS). The interface of the blynk application we can also manually control
level of water is continuously observed and the data has been the power supply of the motor.
sent by the help of SMS to respective in-charge’s cell phone on The user will get updated every second and user get to
the issue to reach the critical level. It helps in automating the choose the method they want to operate the motor (auto-
information automatic alert system, for controlling the tank. matic/manual). The ON/OFF button on the application could
IOT based water level monitoring is used to monitor the level be used to operate the motor manually.
 Fig. 8. Table 1

Fig. 9. Table 2

Fig. 10. Result analysis

Fig. 7. flow chart

In this project, the ultrasonic sensor(table 1) and the re-

lay(table 2) is connected to NodeMCU in the following way:-

VII. RESULT
Using the proposed model we were able to produce the
desired outcome, which is to control the level of water in the
storage unit and automate the process to reduce overall human
efforts and saving electricity too. When the water level in the
tank 1 reaches 90 percent of total capacity the tank 1 motor
stops working and it starts again in automatic mode when it
reaches 10 percent of the capacity. And this model is scalable,
efficient and can be used by households, college hostels.
It is also cheaper than the products available in the market. Fig. 11. Project image
It is wireless and can be controlled from anywhere. The main
 [8] Ejiofor Virginia Ebere, Oladipo Onaolapo Francisca, “Microcontroller
Based Automatic Water Levelcontrol System”, International Journal Of
Innovative Research In Computer And Communication Engineering, Vol
1, Issue 6, August 2013.
[9] Priya J, Sailusha Chekuri,“Water Level Monitoring System Using Iot”
, International Research Journal Of Engineering And Technology (IR-
JET), Volume: 04 Issue: 12 — Dec-2017.

Fig. 12. User interface

agenda of automation and hands free control of this project

was achieved.

VIII. CONCLUSION
This work is intended to design an automated and cost-
effective water tank and pump control system. The system
not only detects the water level present in the overhead tank
but also checks the water level in the main tank to reduce
the unwanted water usage. It stops water overflow from the
overhead tank and also stops the dry running of the pump.
The pump automatically stops when the water reaches the
maximum level in the overhead tank and starts when water
is required in the tank. It pulls water from the sump tank, and
the pump stops when it is empty. After filling the tank, the
pump is restarted and starts pumping the water. The model
is designed in such a way that it saves electricity, cost, and
mostly reduces the traditional water overflow challenges.

R EFERENCES
[1] A conference paper on - Smart water management using IOT. By Sayali
Wadekar, Vinayak Vakare, Ramratan Prajapati, Shivam Yadav, Vijaypal
Yadav.
[2] A paper on - AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER SYSTEM
USING ESP-32. By - Prof. M.A.Parlikar, Chinmayi Vaidya, Prathamesh
Pawar, Amaan Saiyyad, Shravani Mahesuni
[3] https://robocraze.com/blogs/post/what-is-ultrasonic-sensor
[4] https://www.electronicshub.org/what-is-relay-and-how-it-works/
[5] https://arduino-esp8266.readthedocs.io/en/latest/esp8266wifi/readme.html
[6] https://www.electroduino.com/rf-transmitter-and-receiver-using-rf-
module/
[7] Ayob Johari et.al., “Tank Water Level Monitoring System Using GSM
Network”, International Journal Of Computer Science And Information
Technologies, Vol. 2 (3) , 1114- 1120, 2011.