ANALYSIS OF OCEAN
STRUCTURES
NA61005
Autumn 2022 Ritwik Ghoshal
Syllabus
Pre Mid-term:
Introduction – various types of ocean structures and methods of analysis, Loading on
ocean structures, structural components. Bending moment and shear force diagram,
SFD BMD for ship, determinate and indeterminate structures. Matrix method – force
and displacement, Theory of plates, Shear deformation and Torsion.
Post Mid-term:
Introduction of finite difference and finite element method, types of elements – bar
element, beam element, Fluid element, Dynamic analysis using FEM, ship vibration –
dry and wet vibration (using FEM), Fluid-structure-interaction using FEM- monolithic
and partitioned approaches, Fatigue analysis.
Resources
Basic:
StructuralAnalysis – R. C. Hibbeler
Matrix and Finite Element Analyses of Structures – M. Mukhopadhyay &
S. A. Hamid
Handbook of Offshore Engineering Vols. I and II – S.K. Chakraborty
Advanced:
The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals – O. C.
Zienkiewicz
Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis – R. D. Cook
Introduction To Finite Element Methods (lecture notes) – C. A. Felippa
Time Table
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Lunch 6th 7th 8th 9th
Period
(8-8.55) (9-9.55) (10-10.55) (11-11.55) (12-12.55) Break (2-2.55) (3-3.55) (4-4.55) (5-5.55)
Day
Analysis of
Monday
Ocean Structures
Tuesday
Analysis of Ocean
Wednesday
Structures
Analysis of
Thursday Ocean Structures
Friday
Marks distribution
Class test I + Attendance : 20 (2 nos)
Test-1 – 30
Test-2 – 50
--------------------------
Total - 100
Introduction
Structure
“.... a system of connected parts used for supporting a load ....”
Ocean Structure
“.... for supporting loads in ocean environment ....”
Types of loads
• Dead loads
• Live loads
• Dynamic loads (e.g., trains, equipment)
• Wind loads
• Wave loads
• Earthquake loads
• Thermal loads
• Settlement loads
Dead Loads
Weight of the structure itself
– floors, beams, roofs, decks, beams/stringers, superstructure
Loads that are “always there”
Live Loads
Load Example: Dynamic Load
Load Example: Water in a dam
Earthquake Loads
Load Example: Earthquake Load
Settlement
Dynamic Loads
Loads problem ocean environment
Weight of ship is a combination of lightship and cargo weights.
Buoyancy forces are determined by-
Shape of the hull and the
Position of the vessel/ Waterline (draft and trim)
Net buoyancy force will adjust itself until it is exactly equal to the net weight force.
Lightship or lightweight measures the actual weight of the ship with no fuel,
passengers, cargo, water, and the like on board. It is made up of steel weight, wood
and outfit weight and machinery weight.
Deadweight tonnage (often abbreviated as DWT, for deadweight tonnes) is the
displacement at any loaded condition minus the lightship weight. It includes the crew,
passengers, cargo, fuel, water, and stores.
Wave loads problem ocean environment
Wind force Current Force
Types of Ocean Structure
Fixed
Jacket Structure
Gravity based
Compliant Structures
Floating
Semi-sub
Tension Leg
SPAR
FPSO (floating production storage and offloading)
Fixed Platforms: Jacket Structures
the most common kind of
offshore structure.
superstructures having 2 or 3
decks with drilling and
production equipment and
work over rigs.
Water depth of about 150 –
180 m in the North Sea
environment.
Development of Fixed Offshore Structures
Fixed Platforms: Gravity Based
Placed on the seafloor and held in
place by their weight.
Do not require piles or anchors
Huge bottom section is quite suited for
production of and storage of oil
Concrete has been the most common
material for gravity structures
Fixed Platforms: Compliant Towers
similar to a traditional jacket
platform
designed to flex with the forces
of waves, wind and currents
typically used in water depths
ranging from 450 and 900 m.
Floating Platforms: Semi-Submersible
fixed structures are not practical for
high water depth
A semi-submersible obtains its
buoyancy from ballasted, watertight
pontoons located below the ocean
surface and wave action.
Floating Platforms: Tension Leg Platforms
vertically moored floating
structure normally used for the
offshore production of oil or gas
Moored by means of tethers or
tendons grouped at each of the
structure's corners
water depths greater than 300
metres and less than 1500 meters
Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading (FPSO) System
usually ship-shaped structures and
are relatively insensitive to water
depth.
capable of withstanding extreme
storms in the field
Spar Platform
Neutrally buoyant structures and
consists of a deep draft floating
caisson.
Derive no stability from its mooring
system and hence does not capsize
even when completely disconnected
from its mooring system.
Analysis of Ocean Structure
Load structure Response
(Input) (Output)
Mathematical
Idealized
Physical representation
(simplified Solution
System of idealized
system)
system
Idealized (simplified system)
Real Structures Idealized
Idealized (simplified system)
Idealized (simplified system)
Different types of structural elements
Rods/Bars
The Rods/Bars are any member which are subjected to axial (Tensile/Compressive but
no Transverse/Torsional loads) Loads only.
Rods are definitely circular cross section whereas Bars are of can be non-circular cross
section.
Different types of structural elements
Bars and Cables
bending
Different types of structural elements
Beam
• Transverse (no Torsional loads) loads in addition to Axial loads (if required).
• The cross section of the beam can be circular/non-circular.
Different types of structural elements
Columns:
buckling
Types of Structures:
Truss
Types of Structures:
Frames
Different types of structural components in a
ship
1. Deck beam
2. Frame
3. Margin Plate
4. Inner Bottom
5. Keel Plate
6. Floor
7. Side shell
8. Plate
