1. The right to education is to be seen as …………….

right for the realization of other economic,

social and cultural rights.
(A) an enabling
(B) to enable
(C) enabling
(D) enabled
2. It is important ………….. the experience of education within the framework of the international
development agenda.
(A) to be reviewed
(B) reviewing
(C) to review
(D) review
3. The inadequate access to higher level of learning ………….. in a knowledge divide that includes
the “e-literacy” gap.
(A) are resulted
(B) is resulting
(C) have resulted
(D) result
4. Historians typically treat widely …………….. materials as evidence of the strategies.
(A) distribution
(B) distribute
(C) distributing
(D) distributed
5.. Historians are confused ………….. they are not quite sure if they are historians or scientists.
(A) because
(B) however
(C) therefore
(D) moreover
6. Through energy-intensive chemical processes, human have created functional materials and
brought them into wide …………… .
(A) circulation
(B) circulatory
(C) circulating
(D) circulated
7. We are measuring the highest atmospheric ………….. of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
(A) concentrated
(B) concentrating
(C) concentrations
(D) concentrate
8. Cognitive structures are active in the sense that they change with every ………..……….. .
(A) implementing
(B) implements
(C) implemented
(D) implementation
9. Scientific knowledge is a special form of knowledge, involving not just
theories ………….. cultural practices.
(A) yet
(B) but
(C) for
(D) and
10. Scientific practice comprises forms of initiation, ………..……, exploration, discourse, and
transmission.
(A) education
(B) educated
(C) educates
(D) educational
11. The policy cycle links a variety of key players in the policy process through their ………….. with
the different stages.
(A) involve
(B) involved
(C) involving
(D) involvement
12. ………….. had I left the building when they called me on my mobile.
(A) Not only
(B) Hardly
(C) Unlikely
(D) Just
13. Whenever I visited my supervisor, he ……..…….. practical suggestion to continue my project.
(A) would make
(B) have made
(C) use to made
(D) would have made
1 ۴. When I asked Ali ………….. my books, he had no idea where they were.
(A) could he see
(B) that he had seen
(C) if he had seen
(D) if did he seen
1 ۵. The students liked that professor’s course because ………….. .
(A) there was a few if any homework
(B) not a lot of homework
(C) of there wasn’t a great amount of homework
(D) there was little or no homework
1 ۶. My friend is lucky ……….….. to the conference as he has not published his first paper.
(A) to be invited
(B) having been invited
(C) to have been invited
(D) having invited
۱۷. I have been contemplating ………….. or not to take summer classes.
(A) whether
(B) however
(C) would rather
(D) neither
1 ۸. Prices are too high these days and they will remain …………. until inflation comes down.
(A) soon
(B) so
(C) that
(D) there
1 ۹. They could not develop their project as expected; ………….., they are happy with the final
results.
(A) therefore
(B) furthermore
(C) moreover
(D) nonetheless
20. In cultural ………….., human societies have entered the relation of production dependent on their
material culture.
(A) evolve
(B) evolving
(C) evolved
(D) evolution
……………………………………………………………………………………………

After quartz, calcite is the _____ in the crust of the Earth

(A) mineral is most abundant

(B) mineral that most abundant

(C) most abundant mineral that

(D) most abundant mineral

Regarded as the world’s foremost linguistic theorist, Noam Chomsky continues _____ new theories
about language and language learning

(A) for creating

(B) by creation

(C) to create

(D) create

_____ any area receives more water than the ground can absorb, the excess water flows to the lowest
level, carrying loose mineral.

(A) Being

(B) Whenever

(C) When might

(D) Is

In 1935 seismologist Charles F. Richter devised _____ for rating the strength of earthquakes.

(A) for the numerical scale

(B) the scale is numerical

(C) a numerical scale

(D) a scale of numerical

After the Second World War the woman wage earner _____ a standard part of middle-class life in the
United States.

(A) who became

(B) becoming that which

(C) became
(D) to become

Celluloid and plastics have largely replaced genuine ivory in the manufacture _____ buttons, billiard
balls, and piano keys.

(A) of such things as

(B) as of such things

(C) such things as of

(D) things as of such

One of the tenets of New Criticism is that a critic need not tell readers _____ about a story.

(A) which thinking

(B) what to think

(C) that thinking

(D) to think what

The outer ear, _____ the fleshy pinna and the auditory canal, picks up and funnels sound waves
toward the eardrum.

(A) includes

(B) which it includes

(C) which includes

(D) o9. The chair may be the oldest type of

furniture, _____ its importance has varied from time to time and from country to country.

(A) but when

(B) until then

(C) in spite of

(D) although

When wood, natural gas, oil, or any other fuel burns, _____ with oxygen in the air to produce heat.

(A) combining substances in the fuel

(B) substances in the fuel that combine

(C) substances in the fuel combine

(D) a combination of substances in the fuel

Deserts are arid land areas where _____ through evaporation than is gained through precipitation.

(A) the loss of more water

(B) loses more water

(C) is more water lost

(D) more water is lost

When goshawk chicks are young, _____ parents share in the hunting duties and in guarding the nest.

(A) the both

(B) both

(C) both of

(D) and both

Not only _____ among the largest animals that ever lived, but they are also among the most
intelligent.

(A) are whales

(B) whales

(C) some whales

(D) they are whales

Fish are the most ancient form of vertebrate life, and _____ all other vertebrates.

(A) from them evolved

(B) evolved them

(C) to evolve

(D) they are evolved

_____ 350 species of sharks, and although they are all carnivorous, only a few species will attack
people.

(A) About

(B) Where about

(C) There are about

(D) About the fish which includes

……………………………………………………………………………………………

This meat is beautifully ________what recipe did you use.

tender

gentle

mild

soft

The teacher asked if ________ to bring our textbooks to class

all we had remembered

we had all remembered

had all we remembered

had we all remembered

I think that the problem Henry has raised is a major ________ for our society today

subject

theme

issue
 point

I am sure I would have regretted it if I ________ to take the job

would agree

did agree

would have agreed

had agreed

The police are ________ an investigation into the robbery

working out

searching out

making out

carrying out

Those apples cost only 1$ _______ kilo

for

by

the

We had been travelling _______ about four hours when the train came to an abrupt halt
 during

until

since

for

If you _______ just bear with me, sir, I'll find out what's happened to your order

may

______

might

will

Had _______ some remorse, they might have been given a lighter sentence

it been

they shown

you will show

not they shown

Scarcely _______ taken off, than the plane was forced to make an emergency landing

we had
 have we

had we

we have

I wish George and his father would settle their ________ and start talking to each other again

arguments

disagreements

differences

problems

Local residents ________ objected to the plans to build a supermarket where there is currently a
beautiful park

roundly

harshly

strenuously

severely

‫؟‬Are you able to ________ CDs on your computer

cook

bake
 burn

toast

!Long ________ and so continue winning all its matches

may our team flourish

may flourish our team

our team may flourish

our team flourish may

Most children these days get inoculated ________ common childhood illnesses like measles and
mumps when they are babies

from

for

apart

against

Jack's parents ________ and so I am sure they would love to go to the exhibition

like Picasso's paintings very much

like very much Picasso's paintings

much Picasso's paintings like

 much like Picasso's paintings

Soldiers have been sent in to try to restore ________ in the area

harmony

organization

order

regulation

When Sam was a small child, he ________ spend hours every day playing with stones in the garden

would

was

used

should

Fiona is very angry ________ her boss's decision to sack several members of staff

against

about

for

by

No sooner _______ the door than the dog rushed out into the garden
 was I being opened

had I to open

had I opened

have I opened

‫؟‬How _______ get back home if you lost your ticket

have you

might I

would you

had you to

It's no good _______ apologizing to me now

that he

he is

for him

him

The police officer ordered the teenager _______ the gun on the floor

put
 putting

to put

to have put

Please don't forget to call me when you ________ home

get

will get

are going to get

are getting

You should read this novel — it's been ________ recommended by all the critics

highly

fully

deeply

truly

We ________ a lovely three weeks in the south of Spain last year

took

did
 passed

spent

Suzie and John are planning to get married and ________ a lot of children

have

bring

make

get

?Did you have any problems ________ our house

to find

finding

for finding

find

?A sandwich? _______ have that gorgeous meringue

Wouldn't you rather

Had you better

Wouldn't you better

 Wouldn't you

We had a great time, _______ the awful weather

except

but for

in spite

spite of

There's no way I _______ done it without your help

would ever

would ever have

have ever

should never have

Mummy and Daddy are off now, kids. See you in a little while. _______ good, now

That's

Behave

You're

Be

Listen, I'm not imagining this. There's a man _______ us

 which has followed

he is following

that follows

following

One of my biggest regrets is never _______ visited Buckingham Palace

did I

to have had

to have

that I

You’d better take these papers with you ________ you need them for your meeting

otherwise

unless

in case

as far as

This area of town is beginning to look very ________ and impoverished

put-down
 run-down

marked-down

broken-down

Let's try to get home quickly before the rain really ________ in here

sets in

sets on

sets off

truly

The teacher told the small boy _______ so cheeky

not to be

was he

to be

don't be

?Do you know ________ is Katie's brother like

what

how
 which

why

We may have a picnic tomorrow but it will depend ________ the weather

of

on

in

off

You must come quickly now or we won't ________ the bus

meet

catch

take

run

Skye is a beautiful island off the west ________ of Scotland

border

edge

coast
 beach

You ________ to call Aunt Jean to thank her for her present

ought

have to

did

could

Nina went to the same school ________ I did

then

like

as

so

?Have you been back to the house ________ you grew up

who

which

when

where

How ________ have you and your family lived in this apartment
 much

often

soon

long

I've only got a ________ money in the bank

few

less

little

bit

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Overweight, once considered a Sign of success, and ........... is now considered a form of
malnutrition and a major Problem in health care.
a. prosperity
B. Disease
c. Prevention
d infirmity
2. Excess which places are new strain on the body loading resistance to infection including 2
diabetes cardiovascular and renal disorders and other degenerative diseases
a. the improvement
B. The promotion
c. the susceptibility
d. the longevity
3, Overweight reduces life •........ and Surgery is a Greater risk for an obese person.
a. accomplishment b. vitality
c. awareness d. expectancy
4........... handicaps a person physically and may cause emotional and
psychological problems.
a. Obesity c. Relaxation
b. Ability d. Reformation
5. Underweight associated with undernutrition can be a health problem
because of lowered resistance to discase, accompanied by fatigue and impaired body ...........
a, efficacy
b. deficiency
c efficiency
d. Inefficiency
6. Underweight may be a symptom or a/an .......... factor in disease. It is
especially serious in younger individuals as underweight persons are more subject to tuberculosis.
a. risky
b. predisposing
c. impaired
d. metabolic
7. In children overweight may result in …… growth.
a. increasing
b. accompanying
c. maintaining
d. retarding
8. additional calories over and above those needed for basal metabolism and activity are required to
meet growth needs during …. Childhood and pregnancy.
a. adult
b. infancy
c. education
d. youth
9. The energy value of the normal diet may be modified for .... purposes by decreasing
the kilocalorie value below the allowance recommended for maintenance, so that some of
the body fat will be utilized for energy.
a. therapeutic
b. dramatic
c. behavioural
d. biological
10. The kilocalorie value may be increased above the maintenance to allow fat to be restored.
a. restored
c. utilized
b. required
d. replaced
...................................................................................................................................................................

1. Are you going to ………………….. with him when you are in town?
get in touch
getting touch
get to touch
have touch

2. She was ………………….. with cold when she got home.

green
red
pink
blue

3. It is Martha ...................... the phone.

in
on
at

4. Before implementing your plans, we need to ………………….. them.

discuss about
discuss over
discuss into
discuss
5. Which flight is she traveling .....................?
In
at
on
for

6. I .....................… him since 1990.

Know
knew
have known
had known

7. Water ..................... at 100 Celsius.

is boiling
boils
would boil
has boiled

8. Julius Caesar is one of the early …………………. of Shakespeare.

play
plays
drama
dramas

9. Those plates belong ....................... the top shelf.

with
to
on

as

10. I prefer stitching clothes for my children ..................... them in the shops.
rather buying
rather than to buy
rather than buying
to buy

………………………………………………………………………………………….
1. Two thirds of Nepal is covered by high hills and mountains
where ……… output is very low
A. the agricultural [Link] insanitary
[Link] refined [Link] processed
[Link] children in some countries are……..while 5% of this group
are severely malnourished
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] for Katmandu valley, transport and communication
are
A. confined [Link]
[Link] [Link]
4. In 1989 the health……………..launched the vitamin A Child
Survival Project, a three year prospective study covering 100
villages in seven districts of Nepal
A. nutritionists [Link]
B. authorities [Link]
5. There was the highest …………. of vitamin A deficiency and
color blindness
a. induction [Link]
C. intervention [Link]
6. Four different strategies were adopted to measure the
relative health benefit and costs of……..approaches aimed at
reducing vitamin A deficiency among children under ten years
of age
A. alternative [Link]
B. unprecedented [Link]
7..25 villages were chosen for dietary………..through triennial
and biannual vitamin A deficiency among children under ten
years of age
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] primary health care package included biannual
deworming and treatment of acute infections
A. reduction [Link]
B. promotion [Link]
9. Chest pains may be…..of heart attack
A. different [Link]
B. degenerated [Link]
10. Many authorities have supported the idea of…………..
private hospitals into the public health system
A. improving [Link]
[Link] [Link]
…………………………………………………………………………
1. After too many futile attempts, they finally ……………… all the hope that she was alive; so
they gave up searching.
a. generated
b. elevated
c. relinquished
d. sustained
2. The diagnoses made by the two physicians were ……...; so they prescribed similar
therapeutic procedures for the patient.
a. identical
b. trivial
c. irrelevant
d. diverse
3. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or …………... the nose
when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
a. inhalation from
b. breakage of
c. congestion of
d. discharge from
4. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are used occasionally in migraine patients who are ………….
to other prophylactic drugs.
a. optimal
b. refractory
c. preservative
d. effective
5. Cleaning is carried out with hot …………….. solution during which the coating is dissolved
enabling the soil to be floated off.
a. detergent
b. immerse
c. integral
d. saturated
6. Characteristics and quantity of vomit, gastric…………… , and stools were recorded.
a. abscess
b. aspirate
c. trauma
d. incision
7. They alleged that scientists, supposedly objective, interpreted DNA test results in the most
…………….. way possible.
a. counseling
b. optimizing
c. depleting
d. incriminating
8. Affecting the force or energy of muscular contraction means ……………………
a. chronotropic
b. automatic
c. inotropic
d. eccentric
9. An auto- immune disease…………., with destruction of nervous and vascular tissue.
a. ensued
b. optimized
c. terminated
d. failed
10. Fever, among others, is one obvious…………. of some infectious diseases.
 a. manifestation
b. manipulation
c. intervention
d. inflammation
11. While substance abuse and substance dependence need to be differentiated, ordinary people
may consider them to be different ………………. of the same disorder.
a. violations
b. varieties
c. repressions
d. admissions
12. The psychologist was able to make clear what the patient felt despite the fact that she tried to
……………… her feelings.
a. displace
b. devise
c. disturb
d. disguise
Terminology
13. Surgical repair of the skull is called…………………..
a. cephaloplasty
b. cranioplasty
c. cephalotomy
d. craniotomy
14. A 74-year-old post-menopausal woman who has reduced bone mass likely has
which of the following?
a. osteitis deformans
b. osteoporosis
c. osteomalacia
d. spondylomalacia
15. The condition …………………, which is thinner than average bone density, causes the
patient to be at an increased risk of developing osteoporosis.
a. osteochondroma
b. osteopenia
c. osteosclerosis
d. rickets
16. Henry was diagnosed as having an inflammation of the bone marrow. Which term describes
this condition?
a. encephalitis
b. meningitis
c. myelitis
d. myelosis
17. The term…………….. means movement away from the midline of the body.
a. abduction
b. adduction
c. extension
d. flexion
18. The …………suffix means flow or discharge.
a. -rrhagia
b. -rrhaphy
c. - rrhea
d. -rrhexis
19. A(n)…………………… is a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones,
the pelvis, or knee.
a. adenocarcinoma
b. Hodgkin’s lymphoma
c. osteochondroma
d. osteosarcoma
20. The suffix…………….. means rupture.
a. -rrhage
b. -rrhaphy
c. -rrhea
d. –rrhexis
21. Symphysis is an instance of ………… joints.
a. Saddle
b. synarthrodial
c. amphiarthrodial
d. gliding
22. The condition in which the joints of the foot are turned outward is referred to as …………….
a. Calcaneus b. valgus c. equinas d. varus
23. Coxa vara and talipes varus joints enjoy similarities in …………………
a. location
b. motion
c. shape
d. type
24. Inflammation and abnormal growth of bone are respectively ……………
a. chondroma - Myelodysplasia
b. osteomyelitis- myosarcoma
c. myelodysplasia- osteomyelitis
d. myosarcoma- chondroma
25. The removal of a portion of dead bone is known as ………………
a. fixation b. alignment c. carpectomy d. sequestrectomy

Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
Due to the nature of a chronic disease, many women may have already tried complementary and
alternative medications (CAM), perhaps feeling that modern medicine has disappointed them. A
woman may be self- administering CAM when she first consults the midwife, in the mistaken belief
that because they are natural they are safe. Whilst some interventions have some effectiveness, others
require research before they can be recommended. In a tactful way, the midwife needs to explain that
many complementary, homeopathic and herbal medicines have not been subject to research with
adequate scientific rigor to ascertain if they are safe to use in pregnancy and, therefore, their
continued use cannot be safely recommended. If the mother is firmly adherent to her beliefs in a
product, then the midwife should seek additional advice from a pharmacist or doctor.
 26. The underlined pronoun "they" in the second sentence refers to
a. some interventions
b. conventional medications and interventions
c. complementary and alternative medications
d. the mistaken beliefs
27. According to the passage, women may use complementary medications because
……………..
a. conventional medicine might not have led to satisfactory results
b. complementary medications have proved to yield satisfactory results
c. they might have misunderstood the midwife's advice
d. the midwife might have mistakenly prescribed a medicine or doctor
28. According to the passage, a midwife may need to get advice from a pharmacist or doctor if
the …………….
a. pharmacist or doctor has enough information
b. mother gets seriously ill
c. mother does not like to stop using CAM
d. mother does not use herbal medicine
29. The text implies that the writer is …………………… more investigations and studies on
complementary and alternative medications.
a. in favor of
b. opposed to
c. uncertain about
d. indifferent to
30. Which of the following would be a suitable title for the above passage?
a. complementary therapy
b. conventional medicine
c. chronic diseases
d. prescribed medication

Passage 2
The cloning of genes has made many medical advances possible. Human growth hormone (HGH) is a
good example. This hormone stimulates the growth of bones and muscles during childhood. Cloning
the gene for HGH has provided an increase in the availability of the hormone. However, the
availability of HGH and other products of biotechnology raises an ethical question. The hormone is
used widely to treat children with dwarfism, a condition that results in an adult height of 4 feet and 10
inches or shorter. Should HGH be available to anyone who wants taller children or only those who
have children with dwarfism? Suppose parents want their average-size son to be taller so he will have
a better chance of making his high school team. Doctors do not have any evidence that exposure to
HGH affects average-size children negatively, but many feel it is unethical to provide it to children
with no serious medical need.
31. The writer states that cloning the gene for HGH is …………………….
a. quite detrimental
b. categorically beneficial
c. abnormally problematic
d. ethically controversial
32. The author of this reading selection seems to ………………….
a. sympathize with children suffering from dwarfism
b. consider gene cloning unethical in all cases
c. condemn parents with average-size children
d. disregard new developments in medical sciences
33. It is implied that regarding height, average-size children
a. are negatively affected by HGH
b. are without serious medical need
c. can be very fit for high school teams
d. mostly participate in high school teams
34. What does the underlined "it" in the final sentence refer to?
a. exposure
b. HGH
c. better chance
d. unethical thing
35. It is implied in this reading selection that the growth hormone mentioned
a. may have more side-effects than what scientists predicted
b. can lead to eradication of almost all growth problems
c. is welcomed by some but criticized by others
d. is experiencing its early stages of development

Iron deficiency has long been associated with fatigue and impaired physical work capacity. The
current recognition of the roles played by iron in the body’s response to exercise stress has provided a
clearer understanding of the importance of adequate iron nurturer for the athlete.
36. Iron is now believed to ……… .
a. be of less value than it was before
b. provide a clear picture of athletic nurturer
c. have a role in body’s response to stress
d. impair physical work capacity

37. People have assumed for a long time that if they get tired soon they ……… .
a. might have exercise stress
b. might be iron deficient
c. must have excessive iron
d. have much work capacity
Passage 3
Modern transfusion therapy makes the best possible use of every blood donation. With simple
separation methods, each donated unit can yield red blood cell plus one or two other components-
platelets, cryoprecipitate, or fresh frozen plasma. Transfusion of whole blood is seldom justified since
most patients can be treated effectively and safely with the appropriate blood components. Blood
component is used for a different indication; thus the component separation has maximized the utility
of one whole blood unit. Different components need different storage conditions and temperature
requirements for therapeutic efficacy. A variety of equipment to maintain suitable ambient conditions
during storage and transportation are in vogue. The blood components being foreign to a patient may
produce adverse effects that may range from mild allergic manifestations to fatal reactions. Such
reactions are usually caused by plasma proteins, leucocytes, red cell antigens, plasma and other
pathogens. To avoid and reduce such complications, blood products are modified as leukoreduced
products, irradiated products, volume reduced products, saline washed products and pathogen
inactivated products. The maintenance of blood inventory forms a major concern of blood banking
particularly of rare blood groups routinely and common blood groups during disasters. PRBCs can be
stored for years using cryopreservation techniques. New researches in red cell cultures and blood
substitutes herald new era in blood banking.
 38. It can be inferred from the text that ………………………
a. separation methods have recently gained ground with new advancement in blood
transfusion.
b. separation methods are almost simple with an indefinite outcome of the donated unit.
c. transfusion of the whole blood is by far well founded due to effective and safe
treatment.
d. the ultimate attainment in transfusion therapy is the separation of blood components.
39. The role of modern transfusion therapy is best represented as a(n) ………………………
a. splinter for donated unit and components
b. articulator for blood cells and components
c. catalyst for blood donation effectiveness
d. fracture of each donated unit and red blood cells
40. The writer believes that recent advances in transfusion therapy and blood component
equipment have been ……………………………
a. unprecedented b. unprejudiced c. detrimental d. depressing
41. The equipment of blood component are inclined to ……………………..
a. provide the therapeutic storage conditions and temperature requirements
b. ensure the proper conditions during storage and transportation
c. maximize the utility of one whole blood unit for different indications
d. yield red blood cell and other components using cryopreservation techniques
42. Rare blood groups ……………..
a. form the concern of blood inventory
b. signify the exigency of the blood inventory
c. necessitate the maintenance of blood banking for common groups
d. call for the blood inventory only in disastrous situations

Passage 4
Blood filters, integral to all transfusion sets, remove debris from blood components. The transfusion
service specifies the type of filter to use with a specific blood component and, in some institutions,
select it and issues it with the blood product. Filters are designed for specific transfusion situations.
Using the wrong filter may remove or damage the component intended for transfusion. It is important
to check the product information included with the filter. Some filters may also require special
priming techniques.
43. The text claims that blood filters are occasionally ……………….. for blood transfusion
situations.
a. recommendable b. inevitable c. evadable d. avoidable
44. It is stated in the text that the blood filter fulfills all of the following functions for transfusions
except …………….
a. selection b. administration c. provision d. disposition
45. The word “issues” is closest in meaning to ……………….
 a. releases b. integrates c. delivers d. catalyzes
46. The text mainly ……………… physicians not to use filtration for almost all transfusion
situations.
a. indulges b. advises c. urges d. warns

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. A breath holding ………. is an involuntary pause in breathing, sometimes accompanied by loss of

consciousness.
a. convulsion
b. trauma
c. spell
d. dam
2. "A study by Winnick et al. (2005) concluded that client familiarity with the physician and the staff
led to increased compliance." The underlined word is closest in meaning to ………. .
a. satisfaction
b. obedience
c. punctuality
d. improvement
3. A health ………. provides medical care and advice to patients, treating the patient as a whole
person rather than focusing on specific symptoms.
a. consult
b. consultation
c. consultative
d. consultant
4. "Patient data from four hospitals were analysed in order to build a classifier that would identity
patients that are likely to overstay." The underlined word is closest in meaning to ………. .
a. probable
b. satisfied
c. unwilling
d. eager
5. "The instructions will compel employers to provide health insurance." The underlined word is
closest in meaning to ………. .
a. encourage
b. stimulate
c. force
d. ask
6. The COVID-19 pandemic has ………. affected the economics of Iran's emergency care.
a. adverse
b. adversely
c. adversity
d. adverseness
7. "He has travelled extensively in China, recording every facet of life." The underlined word is
closest in meaning to ………. .
a. moment
b. complexity
c. stage
d. aspect
8. "Interest in the recently published book has waxed and waned." The underlined phrase is closest in
meaning to ………. .
a. increased and decreased
b. decreased and increased
c. increased and maximized
d. decreased and disappeared

II. Terminology Choose the best answer. Each item 1 point

9. The main supportive substance of connective tissue is "……….".
a. tendon
b. ligament
c. fiber
d. collagen
10. A dilated portion of a canal or duct is called “………” .

a. ampulla
b. aperture
c. apex
d. capsule
11. The small place on an organ at which blood vessels, nerves or ducts enter or leave is called
“………” .

a. meatus
b. medulla
c. hilum
d. labium
12. The tissue lining the surfaces of the heart is called “………” .

a. serous membrane
b. endothelium
c. mesothelium
d. glandular epithelium
13. What kind of tissue is related to the body defense against infection?

a. areolar
b. rectangular
c. synovial
d. reticuloendothelial
14. “bol-” means “………” .

a. swelling
b. split
c. cancer
d. ball
15. “pur-” means “………” .

a. pus
b. mark
c. fat
d. death
16. A sore which is open on the surface of the body or on a wall of an internal organ is called
“………” .

a. trauma
b. wound
c. ulcer
d. injury
17. "sebaceous glands" are in the "………." system

a. integumentary
b. musculoskeletal
c. lymphatic
d. endocrine
18. Which one of the “………” is NOT related to face?

a. mento
b. genio
c. gnatho
d. caput
19. Upper arm from shoulder to elbow is “………”.

a. manus
b. cubitus
c. brachium
d. pollex
20. Which of the following refers to shin (leg from knee to foot)?

a. pes
b. crus
c. pod
d. omo
21. Which one of the following items is NOT regarded as a vital sign?

a. respiratory rate
b. palpation
c. blood pressure
d. pulse
22. “To know beforehand” means “………”.

a. prognosis
b. syndrome
c. metastatic
d. diagnosis
23. A disease which is peculiar to that one person is called “………”.

a. helminthic
b. fungal
c. epidemic
d. idiopathic
…………………………………………………………………………..
Passage 1
Rickets is a disorder of growing children. In older children, clinical manifestation of rickets occurs
only after a long period of vitamin D insufficiency. Convulsions in young babies are a symptom with
potentially serious implications and a cause should always be sought. The presence of hypocalcaemia
in a young infant with convulsion may suggest vitamin D deficiency rickets.
24. Rickets ……… .

a. has an insignificant association with growing children

b. and manifestation of it have direct relationships
c. is associated with lack of vitamin D deficiency
d. is an after effect of vitamin D deficiency
25. According to Passage 1, the symptoms of infantile rickets may ……… .

a. be vitamin D deficiency and convulsion

b. begin with vitamin D deficiency
c. be hypocalcaemia and convulsion
d. begin with convulsion
Passage 2
Convulsion with or without infection as a manifestation of infantile rickets is well known. The period
between the newborn and toddler stages is a period of relative freedom from seizures, but when
convulsions do occur, the prognosis is often gloomy. Population based data from the American
National Collaborative Perinatal Project confirmed a high incidence of epilepsy and mental
retardation after only minor motor seizures in the first year. The proper identification and treatment of
a biochemical cause of the seizures, like hypocalcemia, will improve the ultimate prognosis of the
affected infants. Unlike the West, hypocalcemia has been an important cause for seizures (11%) in our
patient population.
26. According to Passage 2:
a. Newborns mainly come down with infectious or non-infectious rickets
b. Seizure rarely happens to infants between the mentioned stages
c. an excess of calcium in the blood is a biochemical cause of the seizures
d. epilepsy and mental retardation were due to motor seizures in the first year
27. Passage 2 gives the idea that ………. .
a. The more motor seizures newborns experience in the first year, the lower the chance of mental
retardation will be
b. Western studies considered calcium deficiency as an insignificant factor contributing to seizures
c. Merely treating biochemical causes of the seizures cannot bring about promising results
d. During the period between the newborn and toddler stages infants no longer suffer from seizures
28. In Passage 2, the underlined word "gloomy" is closest in meaning to ………. .
a. sad
b. bright
c. poor
d. incurable

Passage 3
Much has been written over the years about the benefits or other of exercise. "For bodily exercise
profited little," said Saint Paul; while President John T. Kennedy advocated that: "Physical fitness is
the basis of all other forms of excellence."
29. The above text believes that ………. .

a. Saint Paul accepts as true that exercise has no use

b. excellency thoroughly depends on exercise
c. Kennedy advocated the exercise injury
d. there is one perspective about exercise
Passage 4
The list of chronic diseases that appear to occur less often in active people is long, and the evidence
that adopting regular exercise will reduce the risk of developing these diseases is usually strong, if not
conclusive.
30. The above text says that ………. .

a. chronic diseases are less apparent in less active people

b. irregular exercise never decreases the chronic diseases
c. not getting the chronic diseases by athletes is favored
d. convincingly, regular exercise diminishes these diseases
Passage 5
Adult-onset diabetes afflicts millions throughout the world. This disease is characterized by resistance
to the action of insulin, abdominal obesity, high blood fat levels, low HDL cholesterol levels, and
sedentariness. All of these facets of the disease are improved by regular exercise. The health benefits
of regular exercise are extensive and should compel the many sedentary citizens of the world to take
action.
31. Diabetes ………. .

a. delights millions throughout the world

b. may make the sick be exercisers
c. receives no effect from regular exercise
d. activates the insulin in the body
32. In Passage 5, it is implied that ………. .

a. compelling non-exercisers may worsen the situation

b. benefits of exercise are almost ignored all the time
c. civilized urban societies way of life is praised
d. inactive people must change their way of life
Passage 6
It should be remembered that the predisposers, precipitators, and maintainers of abnormal behavior
may be orthogonal phenomena that call for different strategies. The genetic predisposition would have
required genetic counseling, the precipitating stress would have required grief, and bereavement work
that provided available and attractive alternatives than alcohol, and the biochemical addiction would
demand medical detoxification from this class of depressant compounds.
33. Right perception of the above sentence claims that ………. .

a. abnormal behavior may not be found in precipitators

b. none of the predisposers shows any abnormal behavior
c. maintainers of abnormal behavior need unlike strategies
d. predisposers, precipitators, and maintainers are called by a parallel strategy
34. According to Passage 6, it is NOT right to say that ………. .

a. losing a loved one brings you a kind of bereavement

b. cousins need genetic counseling for their marriage
c. bereavement work is never replaced by alcohol
d. detoxification may be required for drug takers
Passage 7
Motivation is a concept that represents the energy that moves an individual to actively satisfy
physical, psychological, and social needs. Primary needs are basically physiologic in origin, but
through humans’ symbolic and communication ability, psychological or social needs also develop.
35. Human needs are ………. .

a. solely psychological
b. predominantly physiologic
c. considerably physiologic
d. communicatively symbolic
Passage 8
It is obvious that the purpose of education will determine the content of the curriculum, the methods
employed, the kind of education given to children and young persons. This functional relationship is
frequently overlooked. Until recently there were many educationalists who thought that education
should be discussed without reference to the objectives and values of the community in which it was
given. The number of such theorists lessens under the impact of modern conditions, but there still
exist many who appear to think that problems of the curriculum can be dealt with in this abstract
manner.
36. It is now often, but not always, recognized that ………. .

a. problems of the curriculum are largely theoretical

b. problems of the curriculum must be dealt with in terms of objectives
c. the contents of the curriculum should be determined by the community
d. more abstract matters should be included in the curriculum
37. Passage 8 emphasizes that .............
a. one must keep the ends in mind when determining the means of education
b. the community feels it hasn't been adequately consulted in educational matters
c. in educational policy, the needs of young people have been given undue consideration
d. the methods employed in education has led to noticeable improvements in the curriculum
38. According to Passage 8, in recent years, there has been ………. .
a. a noticeable return of traditional educational techniques
b. an unprecedented increase in the number of young people in need of education
c. a steady decrease in the theoretical approach to education
d. a more active interest in educational matters among the young

Passage 9
From the point of view of the control of diseases, World War II represented a transitional period for
industrialized combatant countries. As far as infectious diseases are concerned, the five years of
continual war and occupation had affected civilian populations in Europe surprisingly less than did
warfare in previous conflicts. The most notable increases in disease levels were those of new cases of
tuberculosis, which rose steadily throughout Western Europe, and of reported cases of typhoid fever.
Most seriously affected were displaced persons, encamped refugees and inmates of concentration
camps. In marginally nourished and starving patients, typhus, dysentery, scarlet fever, and diphtheria
caused sporadic outbreaks and many deaths.
39. It is emphasized in the passage that ………. .
a. many of the deaths could have been avoided through better health care
b. Western Europe was not exposed to any of the infectious diseases during the war
c. refugees and the homeless were adequately taken care of during the war
d. some infectious diseases caused the loss of many lives among the undernourished
40. In Passage 9, the author explains that ………. .
a. among the homeless, it was children who were most seriously affected
b. owing to malnutrition, there was an unprecedented outbreak of tuberculosis among the fighting
men
c. due to the efficiency of health precautions, all the infectious diseases had only a marginal effect
d. during the Second World War, civilians were not affected by infectious diseases as much as it
might have been expected
41. According to Passage 9, the experience of World War II ………. .
a. showed how inhuman were the conditions in the concentration camps
b. proved valuable as regards the control of diseases
c. has inspired many countries of Western Europe with the idea of a lasting peace
d. has contributed to the rapid industrialization of the western world

Passage 10
Real depression cannot be as easily overcome as some people often suppose. It usually passes with
time - but the time can seem endless. Activities giving companionship and a new interest can help.
But for the sufferer to talk, again and again, about the causes of the depression helps most. People
with depression need to be listened to and encouraged to find their own solutions, not made to feel yet
more inadequate by good advice. They may need professional counselling as well as the support of
family and friends.
42. In overcoming depression, the support of friends and family ………. .
a. can best be directed into giving good advice
b. may cause more harm than good
c. never contributes to any improvement in the patient
d. is not always sufficient
43. In Passage 10, the writer suggests that people with depression ………. .
a. should not be allowed much social activity
b. should rely solely on professional counselling
c. need, more than anything else, someone to listen to them
d. ought to remain alienated from society for a long time
44. According to Passage 10, some people ………. .
a. seem to underestimate how difficult it is to get over depression
b. refuse to get professional counselling
c. suffering from depression have been cured through the good advice of friends
d. with depression don't want to talk about their problems