Expt. No. gto std Date: san pagans) Ze & 196,197 . Homophones « _/ tHorennyro: 27 | Paras te BL Cee ees wwe sy oH For cfrapeal) bois | 5. Parts of Speecio Le G. Types of Nowne, Coiectve Nown '8-1q | 7. Pronoun /Vverxo 19.20.29) a. Binguters Pluncal /commpminc weeds 9/42 by Gegwees mp Coroparison 89-52. | 7 Figure? oo . Rhyneing toozd, Rhyme ecbears SEES Be Sl Pweti re Busse Fo, 3. SyWlabiticatien ta | Ase, Pre hositian 5.76 is. Moctot Vers ¢ 76-76 | | Ib | _Semteres Batters tobi | Tenses thictanse 0 iatiges | Ip. Anageare AP oH Omsto (S715 B Le Ropostect Bpeech $oamib9 4 2p. merican English At Nish 87, [sk aa Question Tag. 199 -19b 4SE tse sy Tre Nese seusey. zyRaMayry¥a N38 ‘S$ Usifte »Ka ¥yrA ¢ Diamond sMale SO Re aauadya heap, (Briann Giusy > Meenakshi Aroma) > Mrascd Tetse, frm bath roo , . * > Susvect > Kappayi 5 baad CSPemed 7 Ramayya and brs ust fe \ived tTerreaining dare wither Leas ap betog CAategrt. —__ee s Ebanaaey Angles oe (1878-1972) 4 a0 informally called oe eth 2 independence wyer, writ istoriat ee Rajagopalachari was born in the village of bigs Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor- General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the { first Indian-born governor- general, since before him Eg the posts were held by British nationals, He also served’ - as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chi Minister of Madras state. He was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, | the Bharat Ratna. Glossary self-centred (adj) ~ disdain (n) Wee Concerned with the self Scremex uB Caw GeGlag feeling of contempt or scorn east Steucy , Sens | muck heap (n) - heap bax Shad grub (n) — food tae Magistrate (n) a judicial officer with limited authority to administer and enforce the law Paerans disgrace (n) — the state of being dishonored, or covered with same ignorant (adj) — unaware axSuuremie Consoled (v)_ comforted (someone) in the time of grief or man Suspected (v) — believed to be a cause of at fault sdqsm> flutter (v) — to flap or wave quick 3 ‘Confined (v) ~ restricted, kept “space of aréamiee Hes Panic (adj) ~ frightened Uwornags os | cruel (aa), [merciless or heartless | c>muchstie cor Sravely (adv) = ina grave or serious manner ETT=f rds. \) Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized wor 1. Nice fun indeed! = yao .e uc Infact: b. doubtedly c. fine 2. The poor woman is in a panic. esd a-faar b. grid c. crash 3. The mother consoled her little girl. wes oS @. pretended forted c. left 4. You are always self-centred. Stree UsSSu Sthresoner self-centred. _ er Syostic! b. generous c. heroic 5. What is the secret you are whispering? Ss am See @. rumourers — _bergurmuring ¢. shouting d the antonym for the following words, 3 delight x Semwsic) meSR Ee 3 op mut 2. disgrace = boneut = amcor eS cman 3. careless) x Cae fu? Smo Boe ees 4. secret x open SR Re x tent Bese 5. confine x jeca Remo SEs Os FS 5 aor =) Fill in the blanks, 1. The sparrows built their nests in the 7 2. The diamond jewel was tying in the _smsice A 3. The diamond jewel belonged to _Azeenatshe Snore? 4. was the servant maid of Meenakshi Ammal. 5. Ramayya and his wife lived with the fear of ea ) Say the following statements are True or False, 2 1. Two sparrows built a nest on a tree top. i diamond jewel. 2. Kuppayi swept out the diamond jewel to the magistrate, a gave the 3. Ramayy’ 6Vocabulary, Homophone Homophones are words with same pronunciation but different meanings, origins, or spelling. For example: new = knew | hole = - whole — knight = — night SEO sea a. Pick out the correct homophone. L 2, 3. 4 Tam not __ to drink soda. (aloud,allowed) rae sete The win the leaves. (blue,blew), ble? Iw my friend. (riest i He play the ____in the second play. (role, roll) Thave______ the movie already. (scene,séen) 7b. Choose the correct homophone. _ a 1. Every morning my father likes to look at the _____— a) due _bydéw: 2. Chennai is the” of Tamilnadu. a) capitol b)capital 3. I was very last weekend because my friends went to the Village without informing me. a)-ored b) board 4. The cat caught the. of a mouse. a) scent b) cent 5. The — tises in the east. a) son bySun Abbreviation and Acronyms a. Abbreviation: An abbreviation ig a shortened form of a word or . phrase, Example: pm - Prime Minister Example: ATM Automated Teller Machine 5 GB Giga Byte PC Personal Computer CEO Chief Educational Officer EMIS Education Management Information System IAS Indian Administrative Service NMMS National Means cum Merit Scholarship / SBI State Bank of India OTP One Time Password IFSC Indian Financial System Code PDF | Portable Document Format t fico Light Emitting Diode” ‘UPS ——_-Uninterruptible Bower Supply Goods and Services Tax (GSTpb. Acronyms: ‘An acronym is a shortened form of a phra: i x = se and is usually ma Jetters of that phrase. For example: NATO - North Atlantic aie ore up the initial ~ nization. - example: AVADI Armoured Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India _ RAM | Random Access Memory © ROM © Read-Only Memory — NEET — National Eligibility cum Entrance Test UDISE © Unified District Information System for Education PAN | Permanent Account Number ‘ WHO | World Health Organization NEWS © North, East, West and South. i SIM — Subscriber Identification Module — LAN” Local Area Network i VAT Value Added Tax | Expand the following: Select Condldo. geo iLO. Gntecnationad Labour — Ofgantiader SCERT — Otefe § Counei! Of Edveca tone! Prsege ch, ont us Cndion Jnctitete OF To chnclegy 3 pre todiae Spa hecemas Organtsadin FIR Fizct (qos mation Qapor Hracd UNESCO Onttod Arata Cducabonal Aetertifit oral Ce sd Unite A Motes tr toenabond C1 Bhi ne MSA fatowa) cfesoncietio camd spate ehuanitteat ay Ee Acgurtced fm@mens aby olen cay dt deo tomo tale ndion Deoftert typ Achy fyn dito ns baidentified gery pbloch — FAQ ——e 9x Formal letter _ ‘i " wi There are many situations in which pene Specific format. The formal letter should be rmal letters. The formal letter has, rite on presented in an organised manne ite A formal letter includes: > Sender's address > Date — > Name/designation and address of the receiver. > Subject, > Salutation ? > Body of the letter’ \ f > Closing Paragraph i f > Complimentary close | > Subscription | > Sender's Name) j Designation (if applicable) Informal letter An informal letter includes: > Sender's address \ >» Date — > Salutation > > Body of the letter > Closing Paragraph > Complimentary close > Subscription > Sender’s Name 14‘ample formal Letter _— _[- 210, Sunrise Avenui Sender's address a ie Chennai- 600 001 Date —{ 10 April 2020 The Officer-in-charge, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, The Municipality, Chennai Name/designation and address of the receiver ‘Subject —[[ Subject:- Wastage of water due toa broken _ pipe. — Salutation —[ Dear Sir/Madam, — We have observed wastage of water for the last 15 days at a construction site, near our Body of the letter school. It makes the whole area slippery and muddy. Mosquitoes have begun to breed there and it has become a health hazard. We request you to look — into Closing Paragraph | the matter immediately and get the pipeline repaired. Complimentary close —( Thank you, Subscription = Yours sincerely/faithfully/truly,” Sender's Name Designation TE Inyan (if applicable) . ; Using the given letter asa model, write a complaining letter on any oreo topics given below. a) To the Police commissioner about the noise caused by the loud speaker In @ > Music shop near your school. a ) To the Postmaster General on non — receipt of book parcel. €) To the Trai bus stop. sport Manager, TNSTC on non- stopping of buses neat your school 15S . ‘ample informal Letter a ‘Se -_F South Mourit Roa nde vr Tine Town Date) -[[ 27 November 2020 Salutation -[[ Dear Mother, Tam fie here and hope tis letter finds you in good health. [ am enjoying my new: a “ofthe lorroe {and hostel life, Though sometimes | feel Body ofthe etter ~) homesick but your words of advice abvays help me overcome the feeling. 1 believe this school is one of the best school and we have all the facilities. The teachers are very well-leamed, affectionate and efficient, My Classmates are helpful and fun to be with. Please convey my regards to dad and love ‘to Suganya, Subscription -L Your loving daughter, Sender's Name —{ Seema given informal letter as a model, write a letter on any one ics given below. letter to your father asking permission, to go on a educational using the cof the toP" a) write tour. i “ eter to you end bau your sumer nla, b) terse OVS Helena cutuelproganm® quit pot 2 day celebration, ins 16Noun isa word used as the name cof a person, Place, or thing. Example: Person - Akbar Place Chennai Thing - Computer Animal = Dog or state, Example: come, réad, speak, write, leam, am, is, was, are, have, had, do, does, did onjunction Is a word used to Jin words or sentences. Exemple: and, but, because, of $0, stil, f, as, before, ‘though, neither..nor 0 that, either...or, 17 Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, » :xample: I, We, You, He, She, It, They, Me, Us, ; Him, Her, Them. xemple: very, beautifully, dleverly, quickty, quite, Possibly, never, often, Example: Alas, Wow, Me Farah, Oh Hel, Ah, Hush, Bravo,~~’ Noun Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, thing, animal or an idea, Types of nouns: Proper noun, Common noun, Collective noun, Abstract NOUN, “noun, ia is the name of the Example: Hari, Ak Tamil Nadu, India. isan liven in common to every ™ os. person or thing of the same deere boy, girl, woman, tree, anima). Student, teacher y A is the name of a number of perso; Colfective OF things taken together. “Noun.” Example: police, army, crowd, “people, team, nation, family. iB David, Madurai, Parrot, happiness, book, thought, Qreen, tiger, Trichy, computer, Narayanan, fan, sister, Kalam, woman, pencil, Bharathi, problem, brother, Mumbai, swan, elephant, Vijay, solution, success, school, convent. Ideas/ feel», Read the following paragraph and pick out the different types of nouns and put them in the table, Hobby is an activity that we enjoy doing in our free time. It keeps us busy in our leisure time. People choose their hobby on the basis of their interests and Personality. Do you know what Dr. A.P.J, Abdul Kalam’s hobby was? ee ee Collective Noun) AbstractiNi c, Fill in the blanks with the suitable collective noun. Choir shower, bowl, flock, cup, pall bunch, herd, bottle aad Sao Lerner CE? 6. tak toi omen Be, 2 apiece or tics 7 a bubch of ‘grapes ema 3a Chala” of singers! . aad? orice 4.a_fotth of milk f 5. a__Gtep of tea | 9%a_ Pace of shoes 10. a_ Remiame DWE BAD my ‘Our your thelr 19ronoun AfichiecHiPenRinseT eee nee) yject. Me, Us, You, Him, Her 1 The Examples: The painting is done by me, He called them. I will give you a book, a, Change the underlined words with correct pronoun. 1. Isaw Mr. Balu this morning and ave HBB my homework. 2, Muthu likes computer games, but he doesn’t play computer games Very often, 3. My aunt lives in Trichy but, my ai teen comes to visit my family. 4. 5 Neil Armstrong was born in 1930, Neil Aristrong landed on the moon in 1969, . He helped the old lady. He gave the ald fady food. Possessive pronoun and possessive adjective. | My shirt is green. ee “Your book new b. Change the possessive adjective Into possessive pronoun. 1, This is my pen. tue wee 2. Shenbah missed her purse. ho tins - ee 3. Her speech is nice. p 4. My book is new. Pho Kind 5, My bike is costly. Pte bihly bike & patna —C) VERB Verb is a word used to express an action or state. Transitive verbs are verbs that express Intransitive ve are verbs that action with an object. express action without an object, © The object of a transitive verb can be a Examples: | noun, pronoun or a noun clause or phrase, 7 ‘Tran. { arianani ! cannies: Tran swiftly. i aaa r Tran in the race — I threw the ball. (Noun as object) 4 We beat them. (Pronoun as object) “I think that you are correct. (Noun clause! ; as object) — AVE : ss List out the transitive and intransitive verbs in following words. come, buy, teach; learn, arrive,sing, runy draw; jump;wi Language Check Point 2 (oUF ir -tet 8 The meaning of cope is to I cannot cope up I cannot cope with this manage. Cope is followed with this pressure. pressure. by the preposition ‘witht, : and never followed by ‘up’. All the hair on one's head is ic id He has grey hairs. He has grey hair. Considered, uncountable on so, ‘hairs’ is almost always incorrect. What is the time in What is the time by your In your watch is incorrect. your watch? watch? Use by to ask time.* Special Hero oe Christina M KerschenFupplemeptarsy | Toe womarp on Plaifesne No.8 BATUD S12 Yes SAMbale stator ta'o Cloaic ? Platfovrm No.8 > Weman fowhite dwe eaed Bir ply ? T24- 8amosa » Talebiog > Sathish, motres > Awup (Bowles: 7 Bag fault. corcker bot big box oR Cheecolatese (Satish teotres gave to Satish)TMi AUeITele Ruskin Bond is a short story writer, novelist’ yi and poet, the favourite writer of Indian \ children, His first no\ of, was published when he was still in his teens. This novel won him the John Rhys Memorial’ \, Award in 1957. He also writes about children ~~ and the simple hill folk of Uttarakhands He Simplicity and fluency of language and an insight into human nature are hallmarks of his style. His major writings include An Island of Trees, A Bond with the Mountains and The India I Love. He has also been honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Award for his contribution to Indian literature: De tres Still geew ro Fakes 30A, Choose the best answer. 1. Satish's mother handed to her son . lait a. bag of pencil _b. bag of vegetables big) box of chocolates .d. cricket ball 2. The train would come at a. one 0’ clock bAflelve o'clock’ cc. two o'clock —_d. eleven o’ clock 3. The strange lady gave to Arun. a. coffee and vadai b. tea and baijji wy" samosas — d. black tea and cake 314. Arun was sitting on platform ———— 3 ano.7 bn no 4 one =: rs old boys. 5. Satish and Arun were yea 4.46 aq?) bil 13 ‘ B. Match the following. o 1. Woman in white - mother of Satish y 2. train ~ boy of same age = dressed simply | = waves of stream 2 ‘5. spectaclés = Arun C. Identify the character. 1, Lam glad to know that. Morée~ Of stich 2. Are you all alone, my son? sHxanqe addy 3. Yes, Iam going to school, Accer 4. He is one of my friends, fadvsh Berne’ 5. Goodbye mother, Ayaed Sov rere D. Answer the following questions. 1. Where was Arun sitting? What was the expected arrival time of the train? What were the sight Arun had seen on the platform? What did the vendors sell? How did the woman appear? What did the woman buy for him? 2. 3 4. 5. 6. Where was Arun travelling to? 7. 8. What was the advise of Sathish's mother? 9. What were Arun’s last words? 10. What was the reaction of the woman at the end? 32Step to cD Sentence Rearrangement A. Miss Sullivan arrived at the Keller home when Helen was seven. B. The deaf and blind Helen learned to communicate verbally.» C. But, eventually, Miss Sullivan's effort was rewarded. D. Before Helen Keller was two years old, she lost her sight and her hearing. E. Miss Sullivan worked closely with Helen, her new student. © F. At times the teacher became frustrated. 1. DEFACB eee j 3. ACFDEB 4. CFDABE 5. FOACEB :‘iotty turns iio Sg { rs fn a uc Wee Leeaa plewatun Thee heey eninne Shem ac | amanl > Grand athe > Stomies | 3 digeraulty re weadry woxidting sword » Magic, Magictan > writing —___| | ll. pAfay Rajasthan xAGe2 DHeaary rmpeatoh 9 lous box (fathees — Cound Axticr Dholpue | Rafasthan sy Fee ning | P Altes Study 3 Tailrs CAjayp | *Feaio of tite > Practyes ty Ceaating mage PExhibited 0 9 Solel DM | De C2004) . 7 7 NatenclAuwacd Uf Accomputh bait dete > Tree prec teain irs to BT adn | 2Meroben ag Deak & Dumb (Ass octation -Ropattiensection -IIt | The hard working and the passiona! their dream and live it. Ilavazhagi is one am her dream amidst all odds. Mr. A. Irudayara}y level champion in carroni. His dream shatte not encourage and support him. He was. del dream through his daughter. He used to pul carrom board, while she listened to the soun with Bim coins. When she was two years old, he would carry her eh to the tournaments; he played with his friends at loca ; S. Her father began coaching her when she was around five. me day her father called her for a match, and she won that matdl , which gave her confidence. The confidence led her to win. Her victories included the Asia Cup and (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the world championship, te people, always chase jong the many to achieve her father, was a district” red, since his family did termined to achieve his t his daughter on the ds of striker and NG, Irudhayaraj, @ fish-cart driver who transports materials like pipes to make g le for his family — a wife and three daughters, They lived in a small one-room parte in Vyasarpadi, Chennai, is not enough to accommodate the family. The trophies, has won over the years are too many, and her home is just not big enough to Keep the The trophies left over after filling the space under the bed, were given to the Neighbours, relatives, Financing the trips has always been a big trouble, though she has been playing the state for almost 14 years: Still she says "Victories follow mé”. llavazhagi is a member of the Thiruvallur District Carrom Association = also represented India at the Carrom World Championships, Asian Championships. Achievements: 1. 5" World Carrom Champion, 2008 in France. 2.Women’s~singles title at the 3% Senior National Carrom Championships Visakhapatnam, 2009. 3. Women’s singles title in the 37" National Carrom Championship in Chennai, 2008- 4. 13" SAARC Carrom Championship women’s dot 5. The two time SAARC Carrom Championshi 6. World Cup winner in 2006 and the next w, she secured the first place in singles and ubles with Rashmi Kumari in 2008. as the 2010 championship in the US whe doubles, She holds 260 medals, Out Of which - medals won i ° 1106 are gold, 17 are silver & 12 ate br medals in internation er ter hobby of playing carrom took hey vn “tr to the laval Of wort ehampio™“Whatever you like to do, make it a hobby.” -Warren Buffet Writing is a unique hobby because most people don't want to exhaust themsely their spare time. Many feel that writing is tough, but I do not think so. I feel writing Painting our voice, When I get free time, I pick a pen and a notebook and start Painting ideas in words. I write stories, poems and sometimes, about my feelings. My mind ra when I pour my thoughts as words. So, writing energises me. When I write things, my imagination is at its best, I imagine a world with magic i Magicians, where I can fly, and birds can talk. Writing helps me completely immerse my’ into that world! Sometimes, I sit with small children and entertain them with these sto of mine. The happiness of their faces makes me to write More and better, Although writing is just a hobby for me, yet it is very beneficial. It opens my mind think beyond the little things with a broader mind, It makes me more passionate about! life. Tt makes me learn new things and enjoy every moment of my life.My hobby helped me in school too, When started writing things, T was unable to describe hem accurately. With time, my experiences yelped me think of new ideas and this made me a good writer, Now, I look out for things, which I was not able to see before. Hence, I can describe things better in my stories. I feel no problem with writing English essays or stories as it is my hobby. To become a better writer, I spend time on learning how to write in different forms Minister of Tamil Nadu,’ Mr C.N. Annadurai, had the hobbies of reading and’ writing. He wrote many books, stories, plays, thought-provoking articles and cine dialogues which have contributed to reformation of society as we know it today! like fiction and non-fiction, It is important to always learn and improve our hobbies. Who Glossary €@) unique (adj) a exhaust (v) - energises (v) - passionate (adj) Se accurately (adv) - fiction (n) - spare (adj) _ S distinctive / uncommon Ss=-4saante rant tireout Sarge give energy intense/ heartfelt Boost E 656 exactly FoCSucoms imaginative writing 4 Sons extra jows? One day I could be a writer like R.K, Narayan! Read/and) Understand © A. Say true or false, 1. Mani's hobby is playing cricket. 2. Habbies are unique to people. 3. People have hobbies only to pass time. 8. Choose the correct answer, 1. Mani imagined a world with Saat b) building and sculptures eymagic and magicians 2. When Mani started writing things, he was unable to . . —Gescribe them accurately’ b) describe them fluently ¢) describe them imaginatively 3. Mani feels writing is like @-Fiinting the voice b) engraving the voice 37 ©) designing the voiceRead and Understa ., Fill in the blanks. 1, Mani's grandfather noticed it and helped him by reading : 2, Ajay mastered the techniques of 3. Ilavazhagi won her first match against 3, Choose correct synonyms for the italic word, 1, Writing is a unique hobby 2°53. e:9ap a) common b) beneficial ©)uncommon —d)s€parate 2. Ajay started to paint happily. a) depressed “by foyfully Cc) unhappily d) sadly 3. Miniature paintings depict Indian culture. S§54585% @) warp sby Pprtray wv ) twist d) falsify >, Choose correct antonyms for the italic word. 1. Ajay suffered an injury. a) sorrow _ eyefidure! c) hurt d) mourn 2. Ajay mastered the techniques of painting. a) skilled b) proficient ‘cy thskilled d) experienced 3. Ilavazhagi won world championship in 2008. a) win b) succeed oe d) well-skilled . Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. 1. What happened to Ajay at the age of three? 2. What did Asha Devi teach Ajay? 3. Why writing is beneficial according to Mani? » Answer the following questions in 100 words. How did’ father find h_.on’s talent? 2. Write a ne lavazhagi. 41Singular and Plural We have seen how to form Going to see the other forms of plurals. ural from singular for certain nouns ang Noy plur Ye Some nouns become plural ‘us’ changes into when we change the vowels. Singular attic man foot tooth | cactus © fungus — syllabus — goose ~ bacterium — bacteria oasis — medium — media crisis — -curriculum — curricula Add 's’ to the first word in some aanearave game for hyphenated word. P . nets Pir lcie Passer-by passers-by © deer deer sister-in-law sisters-in-law fish _ - fish brother-in-law _brothers-in-la “hair © ae nena furniture pata ‘ i x y luggage luggage Write the plural form of the given words — Siruere altig. | 5 “food. food. 6 commander in-chier 2 radius fade pe thesis 3. governor - general (renres: enc forum 4: syllabus © Hl 5 oan hese oe Cate 10 : ~ ~ genius) g eB 42 —— ~Compound words Compound words are formed when two or more words are put together to form a new word with a new meaning. _Some important compound words using (NOUN + NOUN) etd iibsel i Mai fel eet head - master head master key board key board cell ~ phone — cell phone school boy | eye sight | home > work © home work moon: light — moon light. note » book note book Some important compound words using (GERUND + NOUN) Cet TaUis} “dining - hall dinning hall ~ washing — machine » washing machine — waiting hall waiting hall driving school schoo! walking — stick ~ walking stick drawing room | drawing room calling — “calling bell “baking baking soda” Some important compound words using (NOUN + VERB) fam Ree anal snow fall \ car park | ~ book mark, sunset” “cat walk “rain fall» ~ hair cut toothacheite them: 7} und words and Ww A) Match the following compo! New.word Reo nr patekbo x i Art poe EL . wait Is air cegtcitl - bfrocl bara | Pop machine J : | sky bank F. bE “hair blues Se “book | acorn, beokmact ae “box Serving Pur B. Choose the best answer to make a compound word 1. Which can be placed after ‘soft’? a) play pyre | c) run d) cycle 2. Which can be placed before ‘light’? a) ty sth | horse — d) cat 3. Which can be placed after ‘safe’? a) chair ard ¢) shop d) van 4. Which can be placed after ‘blire"? a) cane byprint c) see d) land 5. Which can be placed after ‘water’? @) food b) stick» i ) out Gan© Questions on passage 1. Whats Philately? Sfarops s Numismatics? Q, Do you know where the rarest and 2 Mos nd the most eautiful st Painting can help unleash your Creatis a ve side, that is your frie hobby? How does it How? ween ivute:Adjective An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun: @tecaaicaes 9 Ii Piers snc keni Ode ls f show the kind or quality of a person or thing, » § nt "0 Example: TU kolkata is a large ety. He is an honest man, The foolish old crow tried to sing. This is the Grammar of the English language: TY tives lel is YE wleai iG Tcid les.) wh a Pirate Lyfe describe the quantity of something. Example: ‘He showed much patience. He has little intelligence. We have had enough exercise. He has lost all his wealth. You have no sense, He did not eat any rice, Take great care of your health, He claimed his half share of the booty.» There has not been sufficient rain this year Tt 47felsH oeulitelne? UH eeneries sole tists yews os ale cee DNS rene Mlle persons or thit 7 yr in what order a ‘show how many persons or things are meant, oF er personae, thing stands. Example: Each hand has five fingers. Few cats like cold water, There are no pictures in this book. Thave taught you many things. “All men must die, Here are some ripe mangoes, Most boys like cricket, There are several mistakes in your exercise. Sunday is the first day of the week etd ec inet (-a9] 2c} 2 Point to "which" noun or | you're speaking about. These four words will hep - you spot demonstrative ad is, that, these, those, 1 Example: . This lady is stronger than Maha, - That boy is industrious. These books are good. Those girls must be encouraged, Demonstrative Adjectives answer the question: Which?. Interrogative adjectives pose a quComparative fastest - faster — fast : tall taller tallest a mar smaller Smallest SI strong stronger Strongest tich richer richest poor poorer Poorest weak weaker. : weakest For most one syllable adjectives you make the comparative form by adding “er ang for superlative form. Monosyllabic adjectives Comparative ] erlativa tallest longest ~.-fastest If the adjective already ends in ©, YOU just add -r, One syllable adjectives ending ine Adjective ‘ Cdn eT Ciera For some adjectives you need to double the last Je when the last three letters of the word have the Pattern ‘ter before you add -er, You @? Consonant-vowel-consonant. 50“yi dne syllable adjectives that need a double letter /Saifenshic @ialebe av hottest For adjectives ending in y, you make the comparative form by changing the y to ani, ~ then adding -er. q Adjectives ending in y [eat Comparative happy “happier happiest | ; | pretty prettier prettiest ] ~ Disyllabic Words & For most words with two syllables or more, you make the comparative form by adding the word more before the adjective. Two syllable adjectives amie 2 eee lisa | beautiful more beautiful most beautiful | Important more important _ most important _ The exceptional case et tr Catsieishis good» “better bad worse | worst - ‘jittle less least — farther | “farthest : (further). (furthest) late” later (latter), latest (last) _much/many more” most 51a. Fill in the blanks Cee Cen ellos Talles SBtnast smarter Jawge| lerges big biggerA Sito Covbett,a Hunptes Turnech Nectussentt st * Tir Corbett » Betrsh wvile Cife P Siphon > Robin 3 Time dog. > Champacwat Cr "924 > Bengas Pigwese | kinea 4as > Nepar and Kurmaen (Eocia) 9 Guipness 3 Champawatd 9 ot by Tim {Soy > TI eo firs attack ap Vtitage 3 Nepo. Tito {owect TOR Jeoro > Kama on GS tigen Ibage Great 3 Charpatwat | ?_1957 » Tim Carbet National parks Lname by ieoartnagie mete of his life planting trees, creating a! real man- | made forest of 5; 550 0 hectares. - ffA. Ifill in tthe blanks. ; 1. Jim Corbett died on 19th pect! Ir) 2. Corbett shot wild animals in his Cero Ailton. Ca nance, 3. tach orca ‘iss the first man eater shot by Corbett. | 4. Corbett shot the tigress dead, near the (Ae faa A Brod $e. IB. [Read the fallauine nacenan and anmuantha sunctiane eiven aStep to Success (@ analogy — verbal reasoning questions. There is certain relation between two given words, find the relation to find the missing word. b) Engagement c) Experiment —d) Employment 2 Bat , Hockey :? se a) Field ‘byStick © c) Player d) Ball 3, Dog : Rabies , Mosquito :'? a) Plague _ b) Death “oyifélaria’ d) Sting 4 Man : Biography , Nation : ? a) Leader b) People ¢) Geography History 5, Bread: Bakery, Brick: ? a) Mint 6. Doctor : Diagnosis, Judge : ? 4 a) Court b) Punishment —_c) Lawyer “dyJudgement c) Furnace d) MinePoose : 2 Hovey Hursme idvto. a Suacagatey Sie Issac Newton Saween, ~The Ingenfoug Scienrtret >Netwoten bown [64a > Woolsthvore Englernd . 9 Fatnes Death > Mother travviet Clery CNowtn kiftiporn) 2 @eaomdrma > advised 2 Cloekma ku 9 Uate clot. Sundral (Mools th70 Pe) ep ktindrin thes PAge G& Iu CNewton) » Second Boe 5) other want to insict Joam, . af Sent Aim +e Cam bas dg univestey p Fiest peasen to find Nate of LEfrE 2pM-p > Knighthood © /r727 dredd8o“tp Tssac Newton was bor at_Lalap/ctthex po “2: Grand mother was advised to apprentice him to a Clon Boma kere "3, Isaac made a clock, by the dropping of Letatve 4, The sun-dial made by Isaac fs still n existence at _Ielonds hoe pa "5, Isaac constructed a model of the _tine/anitl. B. Chnose the conrect syremyems far tie Ralficized! wardis. GGG GSE 1. Isaac was chiefly remarkabile for his ingenuity. a. common | bertable c, neglected d. unknown 2. He will make a capital workman. a. wealth b. excellent c. profitable afead 3. Nobody could tell what the sunshine was comps 5 Of actiade: b. known c. full d. felt 4B 4, He cared little for earthly fame and honors, paises battracion ——g. proug A) depopult 66yen oF eight years old. But this sort of Ingenuity i ans . ith the pertalents of such men,” Igenuity is but a mere trifle in comparison with th Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1a04 Np 13 as 1864) was an American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer His works often focus on history, morality, and religion, He was born in 1804 © in Salem, Massachusetts, to Nathaniel Hathome and» the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. The biography of Sir Isaac Newton was published in Nathaniel Hawthorne's, True Stories from History and Biography (1851). =) enchanted (v) = delighted | oumiene , obeeS “ miniature (adj) > very small model “curiosity (n) - eagerness AF ad accustomed (v) = something familiar with (usd oso 8 ‘gazing (v) = looking steadily and intently asi3eAriese ceased (v) = stopped — : Read and Understand } A. Choose: the correct:antonym for the italicized word 1. His Grandmother was very Kéna'to him. BBE XOSrOg var a. affectionate b.loving. disrespectful d7Gruel 2. The boy seemed to have a tastefor mathematics. a. delicious b. sweet d. against ‘ Dem usd 3. Isaac possessed a wonderful faculty of acquiring knowledge. a. owned b. controlled —sctfcks d. have Wont gg eeos” . ith his tools. usually busy wil ly 4. He was observed to be usta ay c. unwantedly F-Usvally a. common br memes tite fialliomrimg questions im oneor two ° ts fter his father's death? 1. Who was taking care of Newton af > 2. What did Isaac manufacture at his young a9 a 3. How did the young boy find the strength of the wind? 4. Why were his friends attracted by the windmill? 5. How was Newton honoured by the king? c Acswer tite filliomiing i about 100 words: _ 1. Why did Newton's friends advice his grand mother to apprentice him toag =m ” 2. How did Newton learn about the way a windmill operated? , 3, Mention some of Newton's inventions. Mee ° Prefix and Suffix Prefix A Pref isan affix which is placed before the root word, Adding it to thet of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix un-is, to the word happy, happy. it creates the new word unlSeercise L Underline the prefix in each word in the boxes mix relocate disown » disclose unsafe ‘unlock. rewrite dislike [Pdistrust ‘untrue! unhook | ‘Suffix A suffix is an affix which is placed after the root word. These suffixes change the meaning or grammatical function of a root word. unlucky Ceeia Eiane been eron | happy -ness happiness | colour -ful colourful friend friendship Example: fat + er =fatter drive + ing =driving change + able = changeable use +less = useless beauty +ful =beautiful lie +ing = lying _ b. Pick a suitable prefix and suffix from the given box and complete the following words. able ful) ly, sub; lon, Un) tri) re; im, mis |e call, comfortable boit_understand success 4 u Ges colour Syllabification Syllabication is the act, process, or method of forming or dividing words into syllables, It is splitting, of words according to the syllables or unit of sounds or vowel | sounds, thas six types. They are: — A Monosyllabic 2.Disyllabie (or) Bisyllabic 3.Trisyllabic 4.Tetrasyllabic 5.Pentasyllabicy 6.Polysyliabic (or) Multisyllabic, ‘The process of dividing words into smaller parts or syllables is called ‘Syllabification'. 71en | Monaosyliabic Words: “act a see all a “plot steel -_ one Schoo} break rhythm | hs life ball bats, Disyllabic (or) Bisyllabic Words: a-gain _ rub-ber- beside in-stead de-lay wo-men - 4 "purpose pro-gramme van-quish ~ out-break mo-ral di-rect. co-ward en-ding care-ful sus-pect “lead-er re-joice Trisyllabic Words : beau-ti-ful | to-morrow Po-pu-lar in-ten-tion Per-mi-ssion e-ffec-tive. ’ -lu-per-cal. , le-ga-cy.. be-lov-ed -for-tu-nate: be-ne-fit e-le-ment. “consider... “im-pli-cit -gWordshnving only faurayilabies! ursurably mblistaty intebttegent | @-co-no-my In-he-r-ted se-custi-ty ” lo-ca-licty e-quarli-ty — pub-li-cl-ty ; | mo-ra-li-ty im-me-di-ate — Klo-me-ter) oc-cu-partion | gen-era-tion — tech-no-lo-gy | mutti-me-dia u-ni-verssity parti-cuslar | oD on syllabic Words s 1 ! 1 | Penta syllabic Wonds s | exa-micna-tion com-mu-ni-ca-tion i-ma-gi-na-tion qua-li-fi-ca-tion © re-pre-sen-ta-tion— spe-ci-fi-ca-tion par-ti-ci-pa-tion in-ter-pre-ta-tion © e-va-lu-a-tion de-ter-mi-na-tion — ac-com-mo-da-tion re-pre-sen-ta-tive mo-di-fi-ca-tion — per-so-na-li-ty jus-ti-fi-ca-tion in-i-ti-a-tive fun-da-men-tal-ly ne-go-ti-a-tion Polysyllabic Words : fear h Papua au-tho-ri-ta-ri-an in-fe-ri-o-ri-ty per-son-i-fi-ca-tion con-sti-tu-tion-al-ly _ dis-qua-li-fi-ca-tion — syl-lab-i-fi-ca-tion au-to-bio-gra-phy hu-ma-ni-ta-ri-an en-cy-clo-pe-di-a au-di-o-vi-su-al in-com-pre-hen-si-ble” he-tér-0-ge-ne-ous: i-den-ti-fi-ca-tion phy-sl-p-the-ra-pist un-de-li-ve-ra-ble in-ter-ro-ga-to-ry_ sub-sti-tu-tion‘a-ry © mis-pro-nun-cl-a-tion &. Syllabify the following words 1. education-* 2. school | 3.college'- 24. english —%; opportunity—4-! 6. friend —/- 7. teacher- 2+ 8, simultaneously —{, 9. laboratory —4- 10. beneficiary —_>~ 73Prepositions Preposition is a word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to a verb or adjective in a sentence. Common Prepositions: in, on, at, to, with, during, before, after — Prepositions of time Time prepositions include: at, on, in, before and after. They are used to when something happened, happens or will happen. 75Prepositions of time examples in the foNonn Ns ©ETTTNCSS are in bol 'repositions identification. ; > Twas born on July 4, 1982. > Twas born in 1982. > Lwas born at exactly 2.a.m. Twas born two minutes before my twin brother: I was born after the Great War ended. — I first met John in 1987. It’s always cold in January. vwy v > Easter falls in spring each year. » The Second World War occurred in the 20° century. > We eat breakfast in the morning. 2) Fill in the blanks by using correct preposition. + We go to school pr Mondays, but not on Sunday + Christmas falls_&*25" December, . Buy me a present _pn_ my birthday, |. Families often argue _ A>. Christmas time. - I work faster _at night. © Her shift finished _a# 7 p.m. PNpunne Modal Verbs A modalis a type of helping verb ti Permission or obligation like need. hat is used to ex 3 a r Press: ability, possi must shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might! Is) are used to @ - i but are a combination of helping verbs and the prey ‘XPress the same things as m0 Position ought to, used to. How to use: Circle the modal verbs in the list given in the box, shall should co! may| a use modal verbs to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible r not We also use modals to do things like talking about ability, asking permission. hey may come by car. impossibility We use the negative can’t or cannot to show that something is not possible. That can’t be true. You cannot be serious. We use couldn’t/could not to talk about the past. We knew it could not be true, He was obviously joking. He could not be serious. Probability We use the modal must to show we are sure something to be true and we have reasons for our belief. It's getting dark. It must be quite late. You haven't eaten all day. You must be hungry. Permission We use can to ask for permission to do something. Can I ask a question, please? Can we go home now? could is more formal and polite than can Could I ask a question please? Could we go home now? Instructions and requests We use could you and would you as polite ways of telling or asking someone to do something. Can T...? Can you ...? Could I... Could you ...? and so on. The negative form is can’t in spoken English and cannot in written English. We sometimes say cannot, but it is very emphatic, The negative form of could is coufdn’tin spoken English and could notin written English. We sometimes say could not. We use can and can’t. 77Passed the exam or not. Hardly hac she seen her aunt when she stopped fighting, Example NERO} bility | Tcan speak a little Russign ti ility to express abilit a Can I open the Window? Si to request permission I may be home lata, may to express possi ; May I sit down, please may to request permission I must go now, must to express en She must be over 90 years oy must to eaniess sae You should stop Smoking, ee ee or offer” Would you like a cup of teay would in if-sentences If I were you, T would Say Sorry, ___inifsentences __If I were you, I wo T. Use polite request when we seek help from others. 8) Fill in the blanks using would you or could you. 1. Coulcl woe please close the door? 2. Please open the window? 8 Bete gecmind going to the back bench? 4. Cp; Lettplease bring some water for me? b) Use the phrases could you or would you in the following situations with your 1. Ask the policeman for directions, - You need to borrow your Friend's bike, You would need to exchan 2. 3. 4. You want to open your cla ge the book Purchased, 'sstoom window Language Check Lelia Q ‘i ation Teannot say if he has ' =I ae erhehas i wet PaSSed the exam of iid Whether’ is follo Hardly hag 7 ‘or’ She Bunt than she ooo her Tighting.P* Stoppeg Hardly! is always fol by ‘than’, 73Laer Mary Ann Evans (1819 ~ 1880), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, © t, journalist, translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era, George Eliot Glossaty. grace (n) elegance, charm aspiration (n) _ a hope or ambition of achieving something, desire, wish courage (n) > bravery, valour gleam (n) - shine brightly glimpse (n) + glance, quick look worthwhile (adj) - valuable, purposeful heritage (n) - inheritance 4, Comprehension questions. 4. What should we learn from every soul? 2. What qualities will help us brave the thickening ills of life? 3, Why should we make this life worthwhile? 4. What does the poet assure if we make our life worthwhile? 2. Fillin the blanks: 1. We should have a aapraahy in life. 2A Ait op is need for the darkening sky. 3, One must Rave a ag leen pect brighter skies to make the life worthwhile. 3, Figure of speech. Repetition: — Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words of phrases a few times to nd more memorable. It is used to emphasize a feeling or idea, to an idea. are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to ke x ERaRHstS gotbetroa steed rm and miles to go before I sleep. | | | make an idea clearer at | create rhythm, and brin ; - Robert Frost Pick out any two lines of repetition from the poem. 813, Tee thwee question a 2 #ing 2 32 Questions Ga bw rar apf in) ? Right time, (Peep, lukem to aoc) Cceupadiom } PHEW 2 Lape ct Treg — Mon — Stomach | | |- Who said these words? A. Choose the correct answer from the options given below 1. The king wanted to know the answers for Questions, aythree! b) five c) nine 2. The hermit lived ina . a) cottage b) palace Ly eo0d © widely renowned for his wisdom, yfermit | Fill in the blanks 1, The answer for the first question was to have a “bots 5 Lor Seu fix t time for everything. 2. The Ma fr wowwere referred to know the ri 3. The king decided to consult a b) messengers ¢) warriors ight time for every action. boy 1. “They all answered his questions differently.” 2. How can I learn to do the right thing at the right time? 3, “Now rest awhile - and let me work a bit” » Answer the following Questions, 1. What were the king's Questions? 2. Was the king satisfied with the answers? Why? 3. Why was the king advised to 90 to the ma, 4. igicians? Whose advice did the people say wo uld be j e ‘ond question? Pe important to the king in ans sec : 86(Asta TSS Felts me aes (1828 — 1910) was a Russian writer who is” regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He is best ‘aa for the novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina’ (1877). Leo Tolstoy moaning (v) sob, cry %Gm5 unfasten (v) undo, disconnect, untie, disjoin revived (v) restored to life or consciousness HEBEAT DUDS crouched (v) bent, stopped (down) Getmd ; threshold (n) doorstep, entrance site<> seized (v) snatched , grabbed, held of suey Svea ecb, ambush (n) surprise attack, trap, entrap, Readiand Understand © A. Write ‘True or False’ for the following statement. 1. The bearded man was an enemy of the king. 2. The king and the hermit refused to help the wounded man. 3. The wounded nian asked for the king's forgiveness. 4. The king promised to restore the property of the bearded man. B, Match the words in column *A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’ physician th bring back | restore | __ Surprise attack’ repent ent | _ medical practition ambush — ge “regretPoose : 4 My Reminiscence — Rabin dternath> Tagen $e P England 2 bathe: Iyo tizindra aI ster rb law Living ar chan Sie 2 Ganga eliving villa Drooran's Gardin > Crtamfall (912 |My Reminiscence Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), Nobel prize-winning Bengali poet, author, philosopher, artist, and educator wrote “Gitanjali” (1912). "My Reminiscences" was written and published in his fiftieth year, shortly before he started on a trip to” Europe and America for his failing health in 1912. Tt” was in the course of this trip that he wrote for t! first time in the English language for publication, 94Colfer la “ineffable (adj) languid (adi) beyond expression in words, unspeakable gui Moving slowly plaintive (adj) caterer ministrations (n) ‘the act of helping or caring wrought (v) ~ caused | clustering (v) “forming a group | belching (v) | to let air come up veritable (adj) more exciting’ clothes © Gl as Ey oe G4E3v2 A. Fill in the blanks 1. The author speaks about the river_ Zane? 2. The author's brother's name is_Jyatitendéa— 3. The (man-f23ph F'glimmered over the smooth flowing stream. 4. The | ee ‘the Ganges served as feed and clad: drink to. - the author. B. Answer the following in one or two sentences 1. Quote the expressions from the text when the author sees the Ganges again, 2. In what ways the river and its bank have changed? 3, How were the rooms arranged in his house? C. Answer the following ina paragraph 1. How does the author spend his afternoon? Explain. 2. Describe how the river looks when he rows back 3. Draw the images in the box after reading the text carefully. 95Vocabulary Clipped Words nation 0 consists in the req ‘Clipping isthe word formation process which COmSSS| ; Fre pe of spars. These words ae called ped words, 8) ad = _ luncheon _ mathematics advertisement = — - automobile = auto cab memorandum cabriolet - examination - exam | moving picture fanatic fan pantaloons gasoline gas | photograph gymnasium gym) refrigerator hamburger burger’ influenza = flu laboratory = lab a. Find out the clipped words for the following. 1. aeroplane - Plano 2. microphone, ~ AOiKe , 3. exhibition - ~ beth be 4. kilogram - tito. 5. cafeteria ~ neaggey : cli ; b. oo mise oo Ba ro 'n Your own sentence, 2. gymnasium on 3. luncheon | 7 duneh 4, advertisement - ad _ poo 5. zoological park » 96Blends. A blend word or a blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. binary + digit — breakfast + lunch camera + recorder — electro + execute electronic + mail © = email” mechanics + electronics. = mechatronics = brunch, = camcorder = electrocute motor + pedals = moped motor + hotel = motel news + broadcast’ = newscast smoke + fog” = smog Spanish + English = Spanglish» vital + amine = vitamin — a. Find out the clipped words for the following. 1. international + police — 2. helicopter + pad, 3. motor + hotel — 4, education + satellite 5. electronic + commerce — - Lo tecpet helcpad - Mote). - edusete - 2 Commie te b. Use the blended words in your own sentence. 1, electrocute - 2. spanglish 7 3. moped e 4. brunch 5. smog Idioms An idiom (also called idiornatic expression) is an expression, word or phrase that has a ~ figurative meaning conventionally understood by native speakers. This meaning is different — from the literal meaning of the idiom’s individual elements. In other words, idioms don't mean exactly what the words say. They have, however, hidden meaning. © Example: "Kick the bucket”. The meaning of the expression is different from the literal meaning or definition of - the word of which it is made, The meaning is used figuratively - "to die". Here are some interesting idioms. 97Food Idioms 1 Rad Egg. A dichonest of sll: behaved persone Example: He was abadeoo 2 A piece of cake | & tack thot can be accomplished very easily’ Example: Enaich is a prc of cake ‘an idie person | a smart cookie — a Clever person | Sport Idioms 1. The ball is in your court - It is your turn to make a decision. thon my share in this partnership. The ball is in your cog ppens next. Example: I've done m pode what 2. Saved by the bell - Saved by a tast minute intervention.” Example: The accused was saved by the bell otherwise the judge would hag ‘ed the sentence today itself. ‘onthe ball — fully aware and in of a situation front runner — expected to win or si Number Idioms 1, On cloud nine - Blissfully happy.) Example: The grandmother was on cloud nine to see her grandson after a fong tre 2. At sixes and sevens - confused or in a state of disorder’ Example: The government were at sixes and sevens over what to do about ft unemployment rate, Colours Idioms |. Caught red-handed - to catch someone in the act of doing something. © | Example: He was caught red-handed while stealing those candy bars. 982, Black sheep - to be the Outcast, odd one outyuniike.theiothersm Example: Rachel is the black sheep in the tea m atof the blue’ = randomly, surprisingly |; Res rarest in a blue moon — very rarely y = unclear, undefined © a good chance to get something — valuable_ Animal Idioms 1, At a snail's pace - Moving very slowly. Example: Traffic is moving at a snail's pace. 2. let the cat out of the bag - reveal a secret: Example: Who let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party? thelion’s share — the biggest part fish out of water — very uncomfortable » watch like a hawk — watching carefully | mad asa hornet - extremely angry Match with the meanings for the following Idioms. L.apiece of cake - Moving very slowly J 2. on cloud nine e easy | > 3. perfect ten f - — Blissfully happy 2— 4, at a snail's pace e someone who is cherished above all others (~ 5. apple of my eye - completely perfect % » Fill in the blanks with the meanings for the following Idioms. 1. take te fen a Baenk 6. a couch potato si eae 2, pieces of eight =Pemaaaute 7. thelion’s share. share__rggose ethers ‘black and blue —_chewsece lip — — 8. in black and white fest.» _ 4. wild goose chase —/aate fu? 9. drop the ball headigaammi.tta ka 5, seventvheaven Vaz Cappy 10.cat's meow __¢x@ott@et= _ 99C=@ Notice Writing What is a Notice? A notice is a written or printed announcement. They are put up on display boards in schools or at public places. — Why do we need? It is written in order to inform a large number of people about something that has happened or is about to happen. It could be just a piece of information to be delivered to the targeted audience. © How it could be. A competition? An excursion trip A lost and found notice. ‘An inauguration to take place An exhibition. A blood donation camp or any event or information issued in public interest. How should be the language? Notices are factual and to-the-point. The language should be simple and formal, not flowery. They are put up on display boards in schdols or at public places. It is generally written in a formal tone. Personal pronouns shouldn't be used. 101axe Conjunctions / Connectors ‘Connector’ is @ Word or a phrase that joins two sentences or group of words, together. They are also known as ‘conjunctions! f Coordinating Conjunetions links two or more words, clauses) phrases or “| sentences of equal importance. Some common Coordinating conjunctions are: — and, but, or, therefore, as well as, too, else, otherwise, ny Still, yet, while, however, so, consequently, for, etc. L, She ran fast and won the race, P_ Subordinating Conjunction are the words that finks a dependent clause to ) an independent clause. Some common Subordinating’ conjunctions are: after, as, until, unless, when, whenever, as soon as, as |» fit v ough, if, since, so that, though, | till, where, wherever, whether, while, why, ete...... The bus had left before he came, cy # FA correlative conjunction is a type of conjunction that functions in a pair. Some common Corelative conjunctions are: ind, neither....nor, not only... but hat, $0....as, a5....a5, a8....50, ee pn erage 4B Tam not only @ singer but also @ musician. 103L Coordinating Conjunctions f e These conjunctions join words, phrases or clauses of equal rank, Eeainpie) i, She ran fast and won the game. ii, God made the country and man made the town. ili, Get ready soon or you will miss the bus. iv. I requested him but he did not do the work. v. Behave well or else you will suffer. IL. Subordinate conjunctions. These conjunctions join two clauses. One of which is subordinate to) other Make hay while the sunshines. ii, Ravi reached the exam hall before the school bell had rung. "Where, wherever, whence, whither i. You will find your books where you had placed them. ii. You can see the beauty wherever you are in Ooty. Though, although, eventhough i. The alarm woke me up, eventhough it wasn't very loud. ii. The child was not covered, although it was very cold. as, than i. He is not as cl lever a8 you. ; ii, Rekha is better than her father. ; 104(a. Correlative conjunctions These pairs of conjunctions require equal structures after each.one. i. Shruthi wants either the chocolates or the cake. ji, She said that she would like to have both the chocolates and the cake, iii, You can have neither the cake nor the ice-cream. vi.I have not yet decided whether I will have the cake or the ice-cream. v. She ate not only the chocolates but also the ice-cream. iv. Abirami is both cute and lovely. 1, Underline the conjunctions In the following sentences. 1, Revathy and Rohini are friends. 2. If you Say $0,T will believe it. 3. Shekar is intelligent but careless. 4. The bus was overcrowded so Arun avoided travelling in it. 5. Though Vinay is ill, he doesn't skip the class. >. Fill In the blanks In the following sentences with sultable conjunctions from the box: Hee Glico Clee scr Pee Le esc LC: Li Dre. Samu ri 4 1. Iretumed home af ¢o~-the bus had started. 2. Trespect him 4 /4ho|Re is very strict. 3. Sudharshan will succeed Ae caxiche works hard. 4, Aravinth _omnef! Arun are classmates from their childhood. 5. You can’t have your fruits ¢¢o #// you take your food. 2. Choose the correct conjunctions from the options given In the brackets. 1. Everyone likes him Ae caxse he is very helpful. (because/for) 2.Ac ~ it was cloudy, we decided to take an umbrella, (so/as) 3. Rathi found her watch GaSecsshe had left it. (wherever/where) 4. 1 don’t know AAs ¢HecI can afford to buy a new dress or not. (whether/why) 5, Peet) ne was ill, he went to the doctor. (as/though) . 105Sentence Pattern f | — Child laughs. | Betou I play hockey. He is smart. = 1 painted the car blue. 7 5. SVIODO- My father presented me 2 watch, \ 6. SVDOIO She gave money to the Poor, v Subject (S)- To cet “Subject’ ask the question ‘Who’ ho?’ before the ve verb. Teng nouns or pronouns and occurs before a verb. Example: <) danced well. Who danced well? (Here “Nancy” answers for the who?) The chi broke the glass. (Here “The child” answers the question who?) Verb (V) - A verb shows an action or activity or work done by the subject. It alsy ‘the status. To get 'verb' ask what does the subject do? Example: Jems wrote @ letter. What did Jems do? (Here, ‘wrote’ answers the question) He is a doctor. The baby is crying. ] Object (0)- To get the object, ask the question ‘What?’ or ‘Whom?’. ‘What! is forth and ‘Whom’ is for persons, Persons may be nouns or pronouns. Example: He bought 8 pen. He handles the computer: Direct Object (D0) - Direct object answers the question ‘what! Tike sp) Indirect Object (10) ~ Answers the question whom’? I gave ee.) a pen. Tsaw him. Complement (C) - Th complete the ng of a sentenc® called Complement.’ Example: He Is 5 on\io\+ She named the boy John. It grew dark Object complement answers for the questions "HOW" asked on the object. le O| . 106yample? He painted the p car blue. How did he painted the car? yete the word blue answers for the question "How" asked on the object car. ample? ‘We call Kamarajar Karmaveerar, They selected her leader. pajunet {A)- To get ‘Adjunct’ ask the question where how, when or why. pxample: My father isa farmer in thirwvarur Micra Gls} How? (Manner) ian |. \ulanze Go here, there by bus/ cycle now, later due to cold every where through efforts after 2 years through floods in the sky by mixing when young under compulsion at home by hard work in the morning carefully a, Choose the right pattern, 1. The wall collapsed. 0 B. SVO C. SVIODO 2. During the war, many people lost their homes, A.SVO—_B, SVIODO cones 3. I promised the children a trip to the zoo. A.SVO 8. SVDOIO.-—- &-SVIODO 4, In 1998, Frank moved to London. UKCASVA—_B. ASVO C. SVIODO 5. Pooja hired a bicycle. ASV VO. C. SVA b. Write two sentences for each: pattern, Vee ho fe rane ' svO i svc i SVA ; svoc exam tseth \ SvI0DO Fray ome MR hor : ASV Yestexday J Came 5 |__svaa (pwont do p tety by Bis [ane wert 107je Poe! Romantic ts decided A Thing of Beant Vrs John Keats (1795 — 1821) was British | Poet. Although trained to be a surgeon, Kea ; | to devote himself wholly to poetry. Keats’ secret, Nis Power to sway and delight the readers, lies primarily in his gift for perceiving the world and living his moods and aspirations in terms of languag iThing | of Beauty’ is an excerpt from his poem ‘Endymion: A Poetic Romance’, The poem is based on a Greek legend, inwhich Endymion, abeautifulyoungshepherd : and poet who lived on Mount Latmos, had a vision of Cynthia, the Moon Goddess. The enchanted youth resolvedtoseekheroutandsowanderedawaythroughtheforestanddownunder these, Ed bower (n) - shelter under the shade of trees wreathing (v) - cover, surround, encircle something ; pall (n) - covering rills (n) > clear stream sprinkling (v) = __ falling in fine drops A. Read the poem aloud twice, B. Choose the correct answers 1. According to the poet, a thing of beauty is a. a joy forever’ b. a pain forever c. a suffering forever d. neglected 2. Beautiful things never “pass in to nothingness” Means that they i oneacstlnianee b. create unpleasantness between friends pEmeEEe 4. always bring unhappiness »will keep a bower quiet for us” means a, will give us peace and calm wil stop unpleasant ond c, make our beds fitto sleep d, ay Noise1 te 4, Of all the unhealthy means a. pain b. neglect c. suffering “health? aest suri 5. The sun, moon, trees, old and young are the things that fe a. depress us b. remove the pall of gloom from our lives c, makes us laugh - d. gives us oxygen ¢, Answer the following 1, How a thing of beauty is joy forever? 2, Why do we suffer? 3. According to the poet, mention the evil things we possess? ‘igure of Speech Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant letters or similar sounds at the beginning words in a set or series of words. a. > wild wind > curious clock > splendid scholar > memorable moments > creepy crawlies Imagery is the way that a writer helps reader visualize or see in their minds what. is being described. These images often suggest emotions. Images appeal to one or more of | the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste or smell. . For example > Iwas dack and cloudy in the woods. > The boys were screaming and shouting in the playground. > The mountain was spewing and spitting the smoke. — 7 > The sauce was sweet and sour. lukh. cwossing tre sivey x >? Purcd’t 8 clicccples » lomdypy > Pee hi'lkmaid 9 or, MOIR ty Parole PMITKK 9 San aise DRrftual DVIshnu hame 9 eossry Tre LiveManoj Das (born 1934) is an award-winning Indian © author who writes in Odia and English. In 2000, Mano) Das ~ was awarded with Saraswati Samman. He was awarded — Padma Shri in 2001, the fourth highest Civilian Award in India ae hig-contrbution in the field of Literature & Education. Kendra Sahitya Akademi — has bestowed it: highest — award i.e Sahitya Akademi Award Fellowship. quest led him to mysticism and he has been an inmate ~ of sti Aurobindo Ashram In Puducherry since 1963. — 115BCE en Understand CA A. Match the following: A B . ritual - __ spell bound 7 pundit ff to cross the river easily . audience Du Bwne z ® 3 . secret 4 - passenger boat 116BE . Pundit have many i and_Adypine ¢ Diseinles 2, Moti is a poor_Witteroaed 5 3. The milkmaid discharged her duties Faithfully 4, Moti feels it as a_Petyile ge. to serve the great pundit. 5, The pundit was an Eloquent speaker 6, Moti assured to give the milk at the dawn beptowe Siineiise. C. Answer the following: 1. What was the pundit’s discourse about? 2. Why did Moti, the milkmaid, feel happy? 3, What was the resolution of Moti? 4, Give reason for the pundit to ask for the milk at dawn. 5, Why did Moti come late on the first day of the ritual? 6. Mention an incident that show the naivety of Moti. 7. How did the milkmaid cross the river? 8. What was the secret shared by pundit to milkmaid? 9, How did the pundit appreciate the milkmaid? Who else did he convey his thanks for? 10. Why did the pundit faint at the end of the story? D. Identify the Speaker: 1. “But 1 apply the secret?” 2. "Tell the boatman how pleased I am with him”. eit tt @ A. Select the correct option and fill in the blanks. 1 Ast in the rain for the bus to arrive, it appeared as arrive, it took all my patience. a. weighted, though, So b. wetted, if, so waited, though, till | T 117 it would natB. Select the option that correctly forms the 24 pair similar to the 1s, 1. Bread : Yeast :: Curd 1? . a) germs ‘wypacteria ©) furl virus 2. Fungi: Fungus :: Species : ? -— a) specey b) specy ©) specie DPR 3. Throw : Worth’:: Tide : 2 2) weter b) ocean ret a) sea 4. Lion: Forest :: Otter : 2 a) cage c)thealps qd) burrow Avoid littering In ponds G7 dette tan and Water resources, pi environment friendly, V never dispose of animal or fish entraits in or around Mictig sudsy water into fresh water resources, fresh water resources. Put tick (¥/) for do's ang TOSS (xx) for don’ ligpee —_ Paooe +5 Being Safe pliasomt 9 TLEC 9 Summer hots Tort rec Bettany Tornioas {WopathiBroiiss GE Sm _bifurcates (v) _ — divide into two separate parts - amuses (v) Gefen to make someone laugh or smile’ vacation (v) - holiday =§ Bogen merges (v) — join together Berassmse>) be Qe wera: — extremely hot rubbed on the skin to protect it fro — acream or lotion | the sun exhausted(v) — — feeling tired pocoon Tis ai oe _sunstroke (n) | - unconscious, 0 ieatstroke brought about by exces Bee Qader ARS, ft | exposure o the sun giddy (adj) ‘ews%- having a sensation of fallin ing down” nauseated (adj) | — sickening, stomach-turning sslor reat yest street smart (adj) ~ the | ‘knowledge to be. with difficulties ar id dangers 122 scorching (v) sunscreen (Nn)chemical or natural substance added to land to increase its fertility. . ied that can be added to water to lower the fe, i hos pee Beqeme pS ing point. a ; s ie ? risky; dangerous RTE STE | Betecicy ca z z uation requiring immediate action, EC RU Ties @ A. Choose the best answer. = often dangerous sit 1. Grandpa got a call from a) his son b) wife _ o}fiig old friend 2. Medicine should be kept in . a) fridge b) kitchen table | ked cabinet automotive and gardening products should be secured. a) gardening products b)Gzardous c) medicine in our home itself to give medical treatment. 4. We should have Bi first aid kit b) an injection —_¢) the hospital 5. Some house and are poisonous, a) used food and plants b) plants and dog nis and used button colb® 124y= , choose the correct synonyms for the Italic word. Dixie was feeling very exhausted, maneriueniur @ put a) joy b) wounded rey Tipd d) rejoiced The neem tree was a big antique in his garden. Ly rh msrp Spo Oks jodern i a)m cient c) updated d) out dated Praveen got sun stroke. Bovardhadoowpw a) fever b) nerves ~efAnconscious d) tired |, Heat exhaustion prevails. Baas es b) not visible c) exposive d) hidden c, Choose the correct antonyms for the Italic word. 1. Karan visited his ancestral village. GcreanGeesu x Bierooyp a) offspring, b) family c) house 4) relative 2,. We should use our mobile safely. — b) securely c) protect d) save 3. Medicine should be stored. Bim OE « Ong a) consumed bysised ’ c) preserved d) registered 4, The neem tree provided shelter to many birds, wregeswisterta LamBrombaysg te a) residence Byarffprotection c) home d) security 5. Itisa latest mobile. HBe HES x Smok wihSos Geo a) updated opps ©) new d) modern D. Answer the following in one or two sentences. 1. What is STREET SMART? 2. Which should be used with adults’ supervision? 3. What according to grandpa is the most serious illness? 4 What is must in every house hold? E. Answer the following questions in 100 words. 1 2, 3. How can you make yourself cyber safe? What are the safety measures to be followed for sunstroke? \rite about road safety rules. 125Vocabulary, Homonyms ing and a Two or more words having the same SP meanings and origins. pronunciation but differ nt SEP Meaning ONG! beIuth Zu ‘nis is her address, address location Et it = She addressed the gg address to speak to meeting ee. i 4 band a musical group The, band wes playing cag 2 —— = She always ties her hair by band aring a band. bat mammal Lam afraid of bats. 3 - = bat an implement used to hit a ball Tove my cricket bat. 7 | - = ! | right correct He is right. 4 = right direction Take a right turn. a, Write a sentence of your own for each homonyms. 1. a. bright - very smart or intelligent - — _— b. bright - filled with light -_ C(t 2. a. express - something done fast oe b. express - convey | 3.a.kind — - type | b. kind - caring ee 4a. well — - in good health wo b. well - water resource oOphrasal verb ‘A phrasal verb is rb that i : 2 renostiart Gren : 's made up of a main verb together with an adverb or “Catch on" is @ phrasal verb which means to understand: phrasal Wein) Meet ES elute | iqllon somebody — | visit somebody. We called on you last night but you weren't —— _ home. cail back to return a phone call | Could you please call back in ten minutes? | el neces | ope _ ‘get rid of dotehniiste’ Please get rid of that old t-shirt. It’s so | ragged. SH to continue doing If you keep on making that noise I will get | something annoyed. |e off to begin, start | ‘The rugby match kicked off at 3 o’clock. es after take care of Thave to look after my sick grandmother. a. Write the meaning for the phrasal verbs. 4. look into. go heoeseh Caen felt 2. give up S$ 3. put off | postponed 4. get on having 4 - 5. take off Ofea gH b. Use the following phrasal verbs in your own sentence. 1. pyt up with 2. keep on 3. look after 4. take over 5. go through 127something happens repeatedly how often something happens * one action follows another Simple Present / things in general Present Simple with the following verbs (to love, to hate, to think, etc.) future meaning: timetables, programmes something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it Pre i Fave | future meaning: when you have 9 already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date) 131— Simple Past / Past ‘Simple Past Continuous / Progressive ee last... ++ AGO in 1990 yesterday while ——————— action finished in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection to the present) an action happened in the middle of another action someone was doing sth ata certain time (in the past) - you do not know whether it was finished or not Present Perfect = just yet never ever already so far up to now since for recently you say that sth, has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present action started in the past and continues up to the present Present Perfect Continuous LL Past Perfect all day the whole day how long since for already just never action began in the past and has just stopped how long the action has been happening emphasis: length of time of an action mostly when two actions in @ story are related to each other: the action which had already happened is put into Past Perfet the other action into Simple Pas.— past Perfect Continuous. . how long since for how long something had been happening before something else happened will - future ~~predictions about the future ‘(you think that sth. will happen) you decide to do sth. spontaneously at the time of speaking, you haven't made a decision before main clause in type I of the if clauses _ _ going to - future when you have already decided to do sth. in the future what you think what will happen Future Continuous ‘An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before the certain time. Something happens because it normally happens. Future Perfect sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future Future Perfect Continuous sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future emphasis: length of time of an action 133Fil a {| Present Tense (een) en MRR nce Gaseue en + verb + am + verb + ing | + have + pp | + have+ been + verb ting | We verb + are + verb + ing| + have + pp | + have+ been + verb +ing You +verb + are + verb + ing| + have + pp | + have+ been + verb ting He + verbtsjes + is + verb + ing | +has + pp | + has + been + verb ting She + verbts/es + is + verb + ing | +has + pp | +has + been + verb ting It +verb+s/es + is + verb + ing | +has + pp | +has + been + verb ting | They + verb, + are + verb + ing| + have + pp | + have+ been + verb +ing Past Tense [cect SCH Meera cee ees ipucakenentti 1 +was +verb+ing | + had + pp | +had + been + verb +ing We Pest twere + verb+ ing | +had + pp | + had + been + verb +ing You tense + were +verb+ing | -+had + pp | + had + been + verb ting He of +wes +verb+ing | +had + pp | +had + been + verb sing | She the was +verb-+ ing | +had + pp | + had + been + verb -ing i} It verte was + verb +ing | + had + pp | + had + been + veri ting They + were + verb +ing | + had + pp | + had + been + verb +ing | eee Los pasa hih itty | _ You | ue + Shall / will + Shall / will + be | + Shall / wil | + Shall / will + have + bee? + verb + verb + ing + have + PP | + verb4 ing i | She iN! 1 i) | he 3 \Wl ey | 134 NasY tht poche js ig oniy Mi at sl Ui eaten igo sr da — Fj heat ll «wating. inten i lhe A Fa Ny yb Noh ted ike bt il trea tet adietoh «tay enter stint arian st th coe tonne esas | | 1 Ttiteiy___ longa eC | | ajisrentiny gui | seeing id \2 sein h__ ini ati | ably besoin jhe 3 tunlety_— rerio ag Haat aso ape ty__ etn 88 fie jen cjaereenbi ined ‘ eivoke_— 6p sgh isa grasa hy sentient staring ‘ya eon ne7. The criminal the place before the police could reach. a) was escaping “oHfad escaped» c) is escaping d) will escape 8. They all the arrangements before the guest's arrival. YW have made. b) will be made c) had been making d) were making 9. Sabithra her job by tomorrow evening. a) will be completing b) will complete yetfhave completed —_d) will have been completing 10.Harshini her mother in making rangoli in the yard for the last one ho a) is helping b) has helped \Lg been helping, d) helps D) Identify the errors in the sentences given below and rewrite them. 1, Thave i him yesterday, have beet watching 2. 1 div Watching TV ance morning, 3. Sheis seaming sad, was. watching 4. She eid when her husband came. 5. Heis fig a cellular phone, . T heard him to speak on several subjects, and . Ten candidates have passed,one failed, worked . He succeeded because he works hard. have you been . How long are you working in this office? pana 10.1 shall wait for you till you will finish your work, 11.When I reached the station, the train \ already left, 12. She or he isdn well. 13.One of the boys aretmissing, No one 14.None is genuine. 15.She is waiting for you for 3 hours, 136ynditiona! sentences with ‘1¢ ie: 2 conditional Senfencesiare also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clat are ato express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take Say ition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of COAG SERENE nd nal Sentence Type ay , It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Example: If I find her address, I’ ‘ll send her an invitation. ynditional Sentence Type 2 It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled, Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. onditional Sentence Type 3 It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. I If I study, I will pass the exam. Simple Past would + infinitive |i 1 studied, T would pass the exam. Past Perfect would + have + past participle IIT ltr had studied, _|1 would have passed the exam. 1, Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or ITI. Lif Thad time, 1_Aeeld be Feiping with your 2. Ifyou peak (speak) mena See m perfectly. 3. If they had gone for a walk, they “°°” (turn) the lights off. 4.1f she Conse£_ (come) to see us, we will go to the zoo, 5. 1 would have told you, if T had SV <00) him. 2. Choose the best answer. LL vill come if 1 times Fave b. had c. will have 1372. If he is late, we without him. a. would start b, would have started STi start 3. Ifyou me, I would tell you. a. will ask Ai asked c. had asked | 4, Will it be all right if 1 a friend tonight? a, had brought ring =. brought 5. If you to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice. a. wants b. wanted = ¢ewant” 3. Match the following. 1, If they worked hard 3 she will come to our party, 2— 2. IFT invite Shalini I would have bought these shoes? 3. If I had got enough money ~ they would win. } 4. Fillin the blanks with correct verb forms. 1. If you cut with your friends tonight, 1 the football match on Tv. @. go, would watch BES will watch — ¢. go, have watched 2. If he harder, he his goals, a. tries, would reach b. tried, will reach ried, would reach 3. If we to the radio, we the news. a. jisten, would hear —_b. had listen, will hear ¢. listen, will hearFir2 Work hight Eniel Blyton Adogwhistle(also_ i ‘known as silent whistle © wuowa’ or Galton's whistle) -_ iS a type of whistle that emits sound in the ultrasonic range, which people cannot hear but some other animals can, including dogs and domestic cats, | and is used in their training. It was invented in 1876 by Francis” Galton and is mentioned in his book Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development, in which he describes experiments to test the range of frequencies that could be heard by various animals, such as house cat.Rhyming words v Match the rhyming words from the pocm. Mark do Too — fright | Yelp dark | Grand crouch Couch “7s help Night hand Figure of speech a. Personification GP eSSeuhpe / Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given @ human attribute. Human qualities are given to non-human things or ideas, for a better understanding the writer's message. ‘The use of personification also helps to show a character's attitude towards inanimate objects. This adds interest and fun to poems and stories. The literal meaning of the words should not be taken into consideration. Examples: + The Sun smiled down upon them: + Justice is blind.” + The wind howled ip the night. » * The moon played hide and_seek with the clouds. + The city never sleeps at night. * The boat danced in the puddle. * The flowers nodded their heads * The thunder grumbled, cee — © The lightning danced all over the sky. — ¢ The iron hands of Death. * The popcorn left out of the bowl. Exercise: 1. What is being personified in the sentence- ‘The full moon peeped through partial clouds’? 2. Which of the following is an example of personification? a) The chocolates smelled like delicious cake. b) The chocolates smell delicious. . ¢) The delicious smell of chocolates invited me to eat them, d) I dreamt of delicious chocolates. 3. Personification is . a) giving human attributes to human beings. b) comparing unrelated things. ) giving human attributes to non-human objects, » d) talking the negative aspects of a person.SS Inetincet Work 5. Wen 24nb9 Secoel 2D Black beaab: S4utumn Seson (Boros 4 &5 Sore) 276» XS had Stovies oy deg and AstseoWhen Instinct Works Anna Sewell [Anna Sewell was an English writer of children’s classic ‘Black Beauty’. Although it has to come to be treated as a children’s book, it was originally meant for those who took care of horses. She talks about kindness, sympathy and understanding in the treatment of horses.]tied the horse to a cart using strips of leather ang iq harnessed (v) metal fittings. a gate across a road or bridge at which traveling tollgate (n) ~ must stop and pay sturdy (adj) = strong Bester anr groan (n) - deep sound Geermo> bridle (n: __ aset of leather straps tied around the neck of a horse ide (8) to control it behavior in animals instinct (n) . _ aninnate typically fixed pattern of | i In response to certain stimuli a dead stop (n) ~ complete and sudden stop A. Comprehension 1, Choose the best option 1. The season mentioned in the story is -- a) spring b) auitumn Sas d) winter 2. In one low part of the road the -—~ -- was halfway up to black beauty’s knees. a) the river b) dust Gfater d+) leaves 3. The bridge was broken in the -=-----=-, a) front b) rear pymiddie — d) up 4. The instinct in -- -- had often saved the lives of men, a) girls byénimals —¢) birds d) boys 5. Black beauty dared not move even to the sharp snap of the ----- a) stick pefeact. 2. Match the following Man at the toll gate _ had many stories to tell.2 Bridge | i Wise, have special knowledge (~ _ flashing a torch. 4 Animals sturdy rail qv 3 L__— Tee re ee John S Black beauty i 1463 fill in the blanks, Just then, the man at the totlaa ot . tellgate on the other side ran out, flashing torch. . Even when John tried to Lea him forward Beauty did not move, . We were saved because Beaut bridge. ity had known that Something was 122g with the z . Suddenly an_pak tree came Crashing down and fell right in front of us. . He told that the bridge had just broken due to the plead. 6, As we went through the wood, the branclosof the trees were swaying and making a terrible Teaxbferushing sound, m ° 7, Alittle later, when we reached the bridge Beauty came to a Sudden Stop 8, When we started back from the town, it was late in the “t*fAe°Waind was much Stomagee 4 c 9. John said we must go back to thé." tind another way to the wooden baiclga, 10.Oh! What a good Su ppex he gave me that night. And then a really thick maith bed of, Baw. brie dge, croséways, supber, toll gate, 4 ~ flashing, wi, the De, stronger afternoon, sudden stop, terrible & a eae a Based on your understanding of the story write the answers for the following questions in a sentence or two. 1. Did Black Beauty like to pull the cart? 2. How was the weather? 3. Describe the bridge. 4. What was the alternate plan suggested by John to reach the wooden bridge? 5. Why was Black Beauty reluctant to cross the bridge? Write the answers for the following questions in 100 words, 1. What did the man at the toll gate on the other side tell them? 2. Was Black Beauty afraid to cross the bridge? 3. What did John think about human's attitude on animals? 4. What would have happened to all the three if Black Beauty had not been wiser? 5. Where did John take Black Beauty and what did he give her? 147Step to Success @ Coding — Decoding verbal reasoning. ¥ 1. Ina certain code language, if Violet is called as Green, Green is called as Red, Red is cally ‘as Brown, Brown is called as Orange, Orange is called as Yellow, Yellow is called as Bh: and Blue is called as Indigo, then what is the colour of human blood in that language? a. Red b. Blue c. Green d. Violet -Bjown 2. In a certain code language, if Pen means Eraser, Eraser means Book, Book means Scal, Scale means Sharpener, Sharpener means Duster and Duster means Table, then whats the name of the object that is used to clean the black board in that language? a. Duster b, Sharpener Table d. Scale e. Book 3. In a certain code language, if Bread is called Butter, Butter is called Milk, Milk is calle Shirt, Shirt is called Shoe, Shoe is called Bicycle, Bicycle is called Watch, Watch is call Aeroplane and Aeroplane is called Ship, then which of the following indicates time in te language? a. Watch b. Bicycle c. Milk d. Ship ee | | 148Paver +4 Faiend Ship Pete 9 businesopran 9 Coirebatone DASI4 2 Jueod 2 They Lived Kerls 3 Onuacee) between Asi} ye her Sfanily — Stopped Speaty 9 fut Continued DALE Study Vet ~ coin ba tone Cmoved) AS ~Chennedl ’onmes cect complexes - consisting of many different and connected parts demanded — - ask authoritatively Beam ouphpn / 2b establish - set up ona firm and permanent basis Gemooma decided | - having clear opinion 235 rowel Fill in the blanks 1. [fat constructions was once a leading company. 2. He took a to run his company. 3. Vetris friend is Ass . 152boarded © consoled — exchanged | competition | affected — get on. or into a vehicle comfort someone at the time of grief Soros give something and receive something an event or contest cause a change in someone or somethingRoShearw C LpSpobagret D - in an anxious or uneasy manner astounded - shocked or greatly surprised apsésum sD hesitatingly | Pudsdrig be reluctant or wait to act because of fear dumbfoundgd _ = speechless with amazement wees - — the act of a person or thing that drops dropped ode B sie SESE s sisi aso nervously 154QV Fe VENUES Q 4.choose the correct answer. vet went to Asif's 1 | altome Py tice «) room »2,\etri came to Chennai to visit his $ a) father wyfiend brother 4, Asif saw his friend through the “ camera b) window ¢) glass B. Choose correct synonyms for the italic word. 1. Vetri constructed a bungalow. eropd a) designed built demolished —_d) destroyed 1. The brothers started a business separately. pafuce: a) apart pydone c) united d) combined 3, Lam living in the outskirts ofthe vilage. vpreest ay border b)outpost enter 4) region 4. Asif quarreted with his fiend. Seaham a)ought. b) differ peace ¢) fun 5, He stood astounded. hugegepetses a) happy pySiises) — )stoced =) xced C, Choose correct antonyms for the Italic word. Lvertis wife reoied angrily. @®™STE ™ censure ayealmly b) annoyed uegeare& * 01 ) irritate 2. The vegetables look fresh. pueieucar. atten t b) dull c) new ‘vet had a strong wilt start @ new business: OTS enn oor a) desire b) thin elie a \ i! 1554. Vetri was surprised by his friend. ayinsurprised b) expected ©) shocked 5, He spoke nervously. uppbreSgiar x mbBanmunet a) Scared “byConfident = ——c) anxious D. Answer the following questions in one or two words. 1, What was the name of Vetri's company? 2. Why did he sell his properties? 3. Which was the home town of Vetri and Asif? 4. When did Vetri receive a call from Asif's office? E. Answer the following questions in 100 words. 1. How did Vetri lose his properties? 2. What happened when Vetri met Asif? 3. How did Asif show his friendship? Vocabulary. Commonly Confused Words. The error with this pair results from mispronunciation and failure to distinguish betwee! @ noun and a verb. Example: Advice/Advise The c in advice is pronounced with the sound of /s/. Advice is a noun meaning “recommendation regarding a decision", The s in advise is pronounced with he sound of /2/. Advise is a verb meaning ‘to recommend’. 1. Complement : It is something that completes something else, Compliment ;Itis@ nice thing to say, 2. Empathy :It is the ability to understand another Person’s perspective or feelings- Sympathy + It is a feeling of Sorrow for someone else’s suffering. 156