= reyponye Proceeely wetth the tutial rote then in tine ce Tb vail teah the vltfmote Unlue a the responw. (CEL Scanned with CamScannero~ Steady State Gain pevitie, on or fraction). ~ n“~ Kp = ape “Guat > “switial ) te OLinp Vale vewe =~ whenever we neecl to Charge outhut Kp ia high Se Small charge fabpuk proclawe darge charg charge in oudpuk #Y outbut dy neededl at same Lwel Kp fay) kept low $0 = dkelevnt in inpeot will pot Aichor’ “he oul. ct — = Kp high > Very Senitive Sgebem. _— Nos py . aH ance. = Hay much a output wre te = pe rot kmagrtty of en pk 2 DOutput | — Kp Ohyput Ultinabe valve aj Rarfome ~ Mhp Yo Kp high UVR reaches fart if Kpdav YVR reaches Slow yo) * * Lesdaedeaaaadadi Scanned with CamScanner—— tn! iticoree ap zp (Time Content ) TPpo < tp, MK, wee ” Y xp Mt des then the wt be fat more R, more cp cp eh x C Stoo Fespore The SP 42, ey tp Cdatrapoue) Ot Same Hime je fe +) (Ye) 4.) mea the magnituce ay Yolt) eahdh Aeonbared to that gf lt) at same time (t= €). ba Kp ull be high sr @ f ten for © + Grekerthe a Slower He Rexporse + bewer-Re zc Poibertte Resfene . / ( AUMUND Scanned with CamScanner lets Pay | +— osFB Mercury din Glas Thermometer ~~ ~~ 6 watt dewelipe, the Frampo- on or a.firetorder syste corsecliring the Unsteady State behauior an ordtnary ~~ mercury un Glan thermo meker. a V7_ ~~ “nn “~_ ~~ _~ _ os ~ _~ _ . ' 1 oo “Tremanehor Fra cream gf flassing fai woken tmp’ Ta’ emt Vavieeuith Hine. ff we teil calculate the refparte or “Hhwe. Vartakton O— Y the fhermometer reading To fora Partiadar charge un TA- ae —Aaunpito — ~~ - a AML resishae 40 heat Hamper Lies un hin air film Sure ~ tre bald go HT Raisowe offered by ginad Mecary Ji neglected, Sy * Ht tRomal Cofeacity 3 in very oo — “— 7 glen wll only worry dent oper or cote dy Soe spaniert roferde. = “ Scanned with CamScanner4¢ ws anumedl frtttally thermometer Urat Steady state - Now . “ak to Rerwemeber ull] be subjectedito charge Abbiy energy balance (unsteady state). Ehergy din — Gragy out = Aerwmuletion @f P84 hAlTi-t) — 0 = mpd (T%-0) — Actual Paromebers Kamped. Puameteys - ss ~ Toss = tp -~® Noo Subbachng €4(Z) fom O +P trdroduce dewiatin Vartabkes. Scanned with CamScanner(i Tha) ~ (15 ~ Tous) = mend (Be) Te - T—Thes

fs = 825% | aren, EERSTE TECTED tt AY Scanned with CamScannerHeating System : a a 5 ~~ TEnponture drums af Pepety stired comluut ldo — Ga FG Aiquit heater C-™ WO = Contant omy (Sbtn. Contant Vobeme 4) — Volumetric ao Pa rake foh Now 5 TO) Yo ; (th contac) f 47 wt) Rate g heat addition 8 a lon, ) * Perfeck mining. 4 Cortant holdup ( $e * Ye)- UUNNEET))) * Tt Aumbed parameter, F * Deniity us Constant * Speific heat da confant Cep). H En balarce se _ (wi Grogy M- Grogy out + Real-addition = Aceumulahion . nt aperts ~ Hf Cpe + = 4 [Pevn) ¢[v=Ar Wt 4fQ (Te-e) #0 = vee ae —o® (COU | : Scanned with CamScanneruk Steady stake 4 fp Tess —2LCPToss UW) = -4 (Ufo Te ) —® Subtack D from (OD weg tg!) = ' Ti!> Ti—Tiss |) Deviati 4(&-T) = vd. (Te) ee. vor Now taking laplace traaform. 4(7;'4)- BG) « yore 15) at (s)- 4 Tols)= vs Tels) | atils) = (o + vs) T'G) Tolls) _& Tr (s) gts u | (Trawsper function ) . wee Here eal = yo Pee bee ¢ ol TH tanekie foe th Macatee Ieee Coriteed that the ak axpbly mde | ae . | Now we will coniden that tnbut temp conrfank fos Guging we chengtig , Tr = Qrstant Scanned with CamScannerHeat Guy balance —- VECeT, - Vipte +o = A (PYF fo) —@® at 6.5 PCT — VLG Tass + 42s -4. (f° Tiss) —® pion Variable, Subhracking thee €4, € ten trirectuctieg dewiation ~—apqlte') +0! = Pred. (te) ( Take laplace a? 4, fp Tilts) two's) = pues TO) — Ty 2) } 4p To C5) Hols) = foe 6 To'ls) TCS) - —t oa! (S) PUGS + YFep Tet) = To (t)-Toss = Mp (ie #r) Here Mz © (Heaking labactty) Scanned with CamScanner t eee TLE aT )))))3 ~~ee Concentration Dynenios n_a_Onstant hrolelup perfectly “Ghired,, Scothamal Reactor- Fit oder Reaction in ap toking place. A—68 Tan Kea 8 a Yn ° Temb Contant. © Total man ws not changing (volume Constaxct-) tin = Veo Only ore ea Chowging. hare Apply Ondount mas balance on A oO Ain—A oc ~ Aconsumed + Agena = Agcumulation YGI- 4G — KGoY = (Vo) —O ak Shady Stake F Catss -—% Coss — KVGp0ss = LV Gus) — Subtack- equotion DG & thbtoduce dewakion vartablys . 4 (Obi Grieg) — 4 (Co~ Gass) RY C0 ~Gnes) = Wek, (GioCss) (cat) — HoH!) ~ KV!) x vdlcn!) — © Scanned with CamScannerTakiig laplace tronstrm af oq @ we gk, af Oe) gO) ey fey ev(case)— fe) 4 Chr (5)— 40 68) — Rvadls) = VS GG) Onls)= Go's (4. +kv +us ) cals) . +f ERY _ Ulex) On (s) ay"! VS oy] FKV Colts) _ __ Lory) ara Ay Cs) (Yo rku)s asi +0 Kp = iL ( Proces gain ) Tp tHe Conalant) = Va + Kite J) ta INLAY saaaaaeeee! Scanned with CamScanner~ Micdng Proc 4) | Comicher a mitiog brocers is On wohich a Stream of soletion conan Aundoed sabe flo ak conrtonk lt.) Volumetric flies reuke, (4) trto a tonk Pew Of Contant Volare held v. bs —Aevunbtion _ * Temperature sip conetant. * Conaut haldup volume - * Devaty v3 Contact al ma nt aig (O49) Abby mats balance -for Galt Salk tn — Sabb-out- = Aewmudation gf Salt: Vln — 460 ~ (Vo) —O | = ab steady State, 4 Qty — TF Goss =f (Vrs ) —® Sibfacte D fiom@ € trhoduce dewabion variables . 9G ~ 0! ~-(v J —® ake [aplace trauporm 4a®© weg 4 OHS) —4 Ons) = OUsaul Wy) ~ Scanned with CamScanner SE OOOOUEL bbb d dt dudd dd dda -- eweY Gils) ~ 4 cyls) = VS Cho (5) 44y(s) =(Vs +a) Gee) G8) et Cat’ Cs) stg, “eu tt Ge Now Kp =} q Tp a (ver mixing precen ) Pare. ftv, . | Aso Kroon as Liqutel Aewel preerns with contut outlel flow * The rexistance uy replaceel by @ Constant ‘flow burps NUNN tion %, * Comlauk Crousection area. * Grilaak deny * Foll) = Conufaut. aa Sm 7 Shice the Pusub iy used, thepbre the (Pra=A ) Al Pore sok diferent on she height gf the th, laes "+ uside the tank. (CUCL Scanned with CamScannerApply overtll mars balance . Y oof ge lhf) > itor se) Fill) - Felt) = adh —O a steady state eg, D bewomes ie —Folt) = Adhss __ i “Te —® Koo Subbacting eg DIO, wd ite) gult) = Ad, (h-hs) 1g duly Take laplace transporm of 97 lt) Age ) —@ ( his equation) nee) > drls)= ASHES) irbrocknetng alerwation eto ve trae ey H(s) a Kee a VEB)~ we cum write tay as H'(s) = oe Now we Knee that oul the “pranaporm ys means the differentiation furetion fn “hme domain, hereon Hhelirg 4 S crretpords 1 he egratona} function in Kime gomatn. OEP ETETLII LY Scanned with CamScannerHit) heg = L {ao ats n= he +4 (4) | for heb change ; 4) = ut) l " Tre respons geen by the above equatten wa ramp function. eae sytem bul grows ucithod- Lint: fora sutatred change, wm inbuk os said to have nonregeulation. Sytem tat have butted € em . Charg output fora Sustained Charge In dabuk- are said 40 have regulation. . T1ET3I331)99)))))99 I tone function for dig level system wilth conkut o , wa ad cone gy th fe ; ; Spin hen Tle ction te lien Ges) =_ Kk ARSH > tin RK _ Mim al. Row ARSH Row Asef ? ar “Tis oo anon Self repuliting System. (C((((TH Scanned with CamScanner: Refense of apt [Fercvg ferchion. » Shp Response n Step fenckton adem ENS M ult) = Unit step fandion. ° tO CKanble A Step charge wn oploo rate duedo « y(s) = _Ke_ = _Kpefep - . M= Magnitude on xt) = M shwt awitiude. GES) alae St epee pera S?y0* SF po® 7 Prequeney w= Raclian frequency = 21 Cromble — # menury thermometer. = Ast A Snwt ae temp a bath. Xe = temp af bath before Sinusochiad duiturbarce Ae Anplttade ef Vartabion in temp. w= radian frqverg- goku Aanwk Ke Asnwt K(s) =_Aw_ SP p09 Scanned with CamScanner IF CCC 99 9999)ECE ETE YS). - Te x (3) set (S)= x Se ad ae Sth using pertiol fractton ¢ ahha dnvene bap lave we ge =% ye)= Avee ALT Casitk + ote sine co AH co lo%t Now Pos B+ % snBq r &n(Br+e) rn fp reg? fon O-_f obey His Ih <4 @Q we get y= Awe. ae, A em[wt +P) c+) c+ when +390 a bont((-we) arly ultimate solution remains. ye, = A Sin wok +B) aw* + | # Culpa us sine save utth frepuorcy Ww equal to thataf the sn peck. * Rabie p} aufpek Auplitude to input aneplitude i =F ¢ Fa smaller than |. whion rears spre Jy reney | * oudfu- ag behind the infu by an angle 6. Scanned with CamScannerAS Rineartzatton Charackert'ztion a tyranic eytton a charaper function can be we ia Arear sytem Coleseribed by Hinea r lifferentrat eqvation . Te model the non-linear 2 Linear sytem we use — * iateg thon Tasflors Series. [#0 ~ #la)- (a-a)f lo) +eal’ to). oe Now fl) expand about Wis steady state valoe x, (4e)~ fta)- Co-B)# To) HAJ" $Mo)e-—. 2! REX Plt) ~ fla) § (em) Fb] Bramble © _In_ about hs Tre Vrs + (h- wh aths 9 TTS [hers LS Scanned with CamScanner pr TPE ATT 00) d 008@ _h?_ about hs nr hse (A-hs) 2hs nr-hst < (hsrh)2hs > Aohs* = (h-hs )2hs @ —L about hs nw < h-hs )x-l Wks ae a Jee Mh = Vest (hh) a + tech hs > Ras hs* # Conttler non Linear (tguil tewel systor ) 4G) tb) ( vnifermy R Non Linea, (i, ) we now arume that Plow out of toxk flows a Sqvare root relabrarshipp Ww =clh C= Ontat Apply Material balance LUG) — f boll) = £ GHP) —o Scanned with CamScanner— e Adh BEI — Zolt) AE Yt) —CIW = Adh — ag @ at ss Felt — CUnes - Acts SE New subtract 4 3 fiom eq © V— bss - athe: ) . Ad. [rhe) ~~ @ ew esing taylor series exparsisn. a PA about SS vatee hs LT = Ths + (hts) ~ ths 3 rains hc pak to © h, a it) — CHE) HG. ° t ait cite). adi (( foray, laplace transom ) Or) - cH) ~ Als H6)— wf) Oils) = C(H(9)) 4.48 Hes) 2 Ins Gils) - 19 [5 + J) Scanned with CamScanner CALE LEEDS IIIIIIIIS ttt om |> Kp = 2ths_ Cc cp= xAlhs a Nunes cols © ae a fank ef cressectional area looum® ¢ Aowrate ty one outtet foro 2 given by fox 3m ne bguic height incon Fire the treunsfer funchion HY tss= leem¥e hg 236 em. Hit) _ kp Kee ohh” Gils) os A SG Gp = A i G1 Real f different —— ctr clamped ron oseillaleg. Roots ® bn onder Syttem moves quickly toward equbibrion but asiflabes about the equlibrien foink: ® An CH cally lamipeck a moves epoickly foward equltbrivm . vuthout oseil @ An Oi clampbed Syxtem = maves Soil towarols aqui 3 2 Ca 1 Step Raperse Ke 1] : yod= et w_Kp TS* 2ecs +1 ky y= + * eae a yod= beetle [yey fei Pati 3 yls)= Fe (+> Sk - eqns) lnk RRR eae aS - om ro yor (I~ eh ee) ghar = 8a ech a= WI CB eT) Scanned with CamScannerHote = Rerporse a iat order system ois aby thon tre raf gf sear kr pr Valee gf on He tae 2 Steprepone (21 Je c ye kp (1- aye BR AES] F J y agthe Valve af € rereascs dhe resborne become more stygghsh. © decrease 1 Speck ef reperse | sincreare : Speed 4 response, decrease. Speed Bf Response c= torder Syetem > Cefticadly > overdam peck egstem. — HF Cane & Step resporse =o «Loner cate spon) yle)= ke (pg eh(wot “p)) Refonse af centr! undue falls onder oh category . A GD op (S> 6 + FET | vo Lieae ge tnt (liest ) Pye pra ie HINDIII Il peceucuceeccey: Scanned with CamScanner Ss“Note 2 lmiportant- - TT we wT www EY wes A Seord oreler sytem wulth dans fazlor 9 ere: gad Teak neckwrod frequenceo (Wen -+) > wlll ceelllate continously uth a conrtank amplitude. equal +0 the gain af te egyetera 10) = seb Subertunt terms for Onderdandped Syitem. J} Overshot 2 — . Sho amemmure af hao much the response orceccls the ultimate Valve. folluuing. a Step change. Ab defined os the Rabie 4. whee Bs ullimafe valee Response Ada maximum amoank by which the reeponse cxcerds tts ultimate valve. overshoot a = op [AE=) & overshoot should, be os Lew ay posible or stable System. Scanned with CamScanner= = ——— A order > Urdeclamped. > ertttal damped, > overclamped. 2) Deon Batid. fen Gy asthe rakio pf the shes a SuccerHve peaks & 4 PF deny bio «9. > ob (=f86-) - (overstock )~ darger @ means greater dnp. Here greater decay. for G20 , Demy Ratio = 1. 3y_Rie time (t-) Tine refuired. forthe repo to. filet reach fs ultimate, valve, 1}}JJJJIIIIIIW AW &; trereares , Rive time (tr) also frereases. Decatbe Resperne. become Steven od E ancreasey , Rexbonse, tine, St Sarthe Hime required forthe resbone to come uittntn 35% pf fhe wlltnake vale f remaity here. qt Reapore Hime Reyporse reich fo an exackly raheeiont at time=ao. eet Scanned with CamScanner \z 2 _— & 4 a ~ aeS) Pertod oseYet on (frequency of Seillakion. euutth tomping J Radon frequency t= Je Ca Raclian’ ad = 2a f f> cyde Freqverey. fet -#- Ld i= <) T 20 RAL so Te periock gf csllotinn Chine figde) x& OT ae = pe. mge Ty period pf escillahion ois Hime elapsed bebween peaks ft alto the time elapsed between alternate crosithgs of Hine mk 6) Nakowal Pedad ¢h ascllation ¢ 2, ff te dandaing oN eliminated (4, x0 or B20) the system oscillates coutinacasly aitrout attenuation in amplitude, * under trae naturel or urddanred dondiitons. Nadal freqvence ee Ghote -f SEE Y 2 i aq 2h eS Uh, = Notwal Prepooy ef oscillation. Te2m. at wet raved a [va = 2nG (Matured Perrocl of 2uillabon ) Scanned with CamScannerRise —Inpulle Reforse A ontt tuple St) us applied to the Second oreler “The shansfam af the resporte ci yis) = ! Bey ogee GH T i ampule. Resborue ger $41 1 ee Fags C1 GE ako impale = 5 yts/ 6 tep lab 5 -A_(401/otep ) . for G=l yl) = tev ez for ql (1 -—L eve singe i Tg # Note :- Inpalie one Showthe same behauiowr ad fect pe Curves. f we impulse rerporse alunys ren ¥ BO te me yla0 amma ee Scanned with CamScanner ays Sb Fs ytFPF ERP ERC ERSEREHSEGCHEEEEESEHEH HT He S} Hrumodia_Keponse. forsing funskion Xb) = Ash wt K(s) = Avo S*+t0> Porceg function applied to the secord order cystem. yO)— Aw (s*1w) (ets*4 gees H) yes) fe (3-Jw) (St Jw) (S-Sa)E-Sb) where Sa ¢ 8h are roo gs ef the denominator ef me transper function. (Se-$. GEL), (9-4 AEE) yb). 4A shot ‘#] (in (wt) + GUE g a a wo I> (wz)* by com pardeg eq 3 cutth farciig furction , Xb) = Ash(wt) Scanned with CamScannerTenahortation kone (Dead tig) Comider the system .£y which a Aqui flys ted ne an vinwllatel tube uniform crosieHarel aver Kength ‘kK ak 2 constant lumetric flow rake ¢- ~ Benafty PI § beak capacity Ce) are corstont: — Velecty prefile flat ( Ply dew): > OD w 5 a > Temperatire x ¢ the enberieg fluid varies cutth tim > Oritially at steaply slate. * Step Charge were made vin K(t) ab.t=o oe e- e wsulh not be defected at the encl ote tube vuktl Ts haten, Where c dhe Hime requirel forthe entering Paid, Te pass Hhrowgle the tube . y ro) m4 aeeee ttt EET) Scanned with CamScannera posse of ft 0 nd we ne eel Tick 0 trom the entrance pf nerve to the exit. c= _Wlume gf tube Volumetric fluo rabe ce AL y= x(g-e) Hs ~ fs Sntroeluciing deriotton Vartables yt- % (te) Joke Anfolace tesform y (3) = ACS) ee ts) Sta Ye 2 Se Ke stessfer qunction cheefertation dag ae “ce dead tne or tne delay + &). Kt) + order fons —> Let thd ime, yes). Ke Ke “as ts) pst! Scanned with CamScannerimation Tre : - &y usta pale’ apporimation, oS terms comer unto Polynomial epation eee cos by vsing baplor sertes. f naleckig higher orcler berms ecco 1 zs € Ios trict 7353) 2t 3} Neg cot > tS. z* _ | ex ltrzs Scene) eat Scanned with CamScanner ECCI IIIS “es Is. > —[7 FF SS SSS SCSESCSEEESC SHC TCH CECH HH tt first order wn Series. Mallicapatiy ayttory dn Series :~ (ayplheti second. order). : 4. Non Sntoacti ng system. C Tanks in sertes ) Hrectton foes @2@ Paks, 40) We comider the Liquid Level sycton sin hich oo tanks are eS shat tre oullet flow fromthe gist tank Jy the iulet flew to the ewnd tank. “Tre outed mm tank 1 cliche catty into the atmnephere ba a nd SOS jc tags i a on x he Variation un ho in tank 2 cloes not rect the. Hanslent resporue occuttng vin tank (. chin ty be La offrcel to nahn nen Dicrcttg ayrter Assumptions 7 Teerien ort fren. gf Hanks — Te flee Fe Rerlstance to be Hinear. Hs) _9 QW) Scanned with CamScannerfor non cinteractiag Capacitis fn series “he dromber portion Gf sncivister Capit an he rete Generibe “the THF of overall system Tis 2b abpticable oor amy mum ap Hrs. nies). _Ke 2 Ry Qo (s) aa ase tH(s) . ke Qs) ast q = hb qn = be Ri 2 Gy LL Qs) . _I ? a SSH f Qs) CoS H 05) this) x OG). - ka x GoCs) Qs) ols) Sas SSH Hy Cs3°. R 2 Gols) (SSH) EsSH) H1es* HEteye rl Key reundera} fonk increase the speect Y Response Clee Decause order of sytem Lnereane . forseardorder sgster yes . ke X(S) FA 2ce SH r ek cefGen ov-compartng we g c 2 Go Sipe 2 cyte “ Wee, Scanned with CamScanner (LLUUELIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIS eaqaaque)Conelfion = 2), otheruuse system 4 always overdlampect 7 c= Overall Hme contant : Gs Aicthmalte meen A} afer : Geometric mean. 2] a ¢t2 7 Alrthmatic mean alusays > Geometric mean > » Nowt Y Geto (Am = Gm). 7 ny cp o> (ams or) - > 2 for non Interacting sgttem . 2O(am- GM) ie (Gq eee ic tank connected ui Series : are sfunilar) (al | ’ 2AM =| 76! > > > Gm CrHtteably damped Syetem ° : @ AMYGM Ei #%2) Sy GET] ceeded gto ’ * over’ ws better option -than onic ek , (fi eol System wy ble un one ; became Ort cally Lamp: fs 40 only pessible in , ' Scanned with CamScannercAmerphere, byore Output Distuylance > laniable Measwirg) gedigowert Aewice Grivel Scanned with CamScannerrae ok dal Negative gfecelback posttioe feedback. Negative fecdbak error dn ctisfference blo setpoint £ measurect variable : | Grr E"= YoY | on | pesitve cfeedback Te measured varlable ty addedto tre set pola. Error ~ Yop tif # TR Ls usually an undesirable sthuation frequently at leeds to dnstabitty # Ove fo unstable redure a Ge feedback control we wall) Only we Que feedback Control. feed dorwarel Control A feed forward Gubol syste uses measurement ef dutartonce Variable, to position the menipulatecl variable fy sucha way to mintoafye. any reveulfoy deufation . | The rturbance variates caldbe eftner measured oad. or the sek points. en ate known as fod Antiuipatory Control Feed foreach ~seqpe gf Pepfect: conot. \ ute potetsy measurement Scanned with CamScanner ISIIJ “7 + , ELUETAATTLIIII IIIS IIIS titel© FOOTE ELEEELEEEEPESETOCCE CECE: feedback Contol System - Adoanleges % Ao not require adentepication f meamrement 4+ any Aidturbance ger corective action . * Aoesnot reguire an explidt Frees model « of rb Conk Adéantages + Ads beere he effect ae Aiskarkkance bes been folk by the system. * Good dor sytem with Jorge Hime Constant f dead tine. * Kec nob umnbeduce trobablity inthe cee Le0p response: § & + ‘ + conic action nok taken ont he elect te. didurbance as Felt bythe sytem: itn unsatisfactery for peel Sage me constant: Jemay cave. inka’ ling Sn elesccl deep tro spe of Perfect cont. Joonlgges- * Requires measurement 4 at pestible duturbances f thelr Aiteck measurement. © Cannot ape cufth Unmeasired disturbances. Scanned with CamScanner—Caaterd Guba Sytem . ' trol * One gfe cliadeadayes a vetg conventional feed back for Proemses euith Lage ‘the tag or delay is hat Auturbanss Are no& recognized. until afterte controlled varteble Aeutabes Pom cite set pote. * a thee Preawses correction by feedback conbrel vi stow ¢ result vin tong term Aeviation ghom set point. * One way to debrove the Lyre resborse te Load a) by vsteg A Secondary iran re point f a Seterdary Centeller the Secondary mearurement pofnt ds located so ak 2 recagrizes the upset corelittions before -the primary Controlled Variable is affected. One such approach iy calles “coxcade Grtol”. Tho ° 2 Centrolleps Serve Vs Regelatory Froblem Sono Problon gn Cay. of Servo roblem there vis no hasge wou Aoad or Hiturbance while ser point Charge Auplace Dentation Vartable 4 Disturbance =6 Diszo | & froblon In Regulatory probleme only the Load es. Wie thon th ne poh change iy the toad ergy wre a Scanned with CamScanner COU LETT I ISIS IIISISIS JSSEEEEEEEECEEP EEC FCCCECCHCHEEEE "swe reseus conbel xs lor frome omer ft ‘10 i) ~ pe ] {aes ] a | * 4 Cants>) \ ¥ ie (spy mls) Gel) GAD Ge) + Gals) an abo be written a Y =(Gor yon ) Ghee HAGE New i onlly deed back contol Loeb (4n-Gp “t_) j ‘ qrals comands the Go kn Gnfner Soe sigrals Basic Cgvation. L * ys) =p fm p+ 4G [1+ Gn Ghee )4O9 = “er GeGnge + 40k Scanned with CamScannerMy 180 Servo problem (44) a) Use ls) I+ Ge4p Gp Gm Sel fein olasell ook tranper qunction . @ for Regulate fo ry Froblene Up (seo (‘#4nAee Ge) 5009» Gan Gcgy HG | fs) S GAls) Als) 1 GeGe Gp Gm Listurbance closecl oop ‘homaper fochion OV HULL TI TIS I ISIS ISISIISIS, Veo Als)=o0 Yhe dmpliey hat G> 4G Ge Scanned with CamScanneryOorEeY EG Bex Cc E-R-B => C= GCR-B) CeqRaHe) > CeGR- que > eit Guy- aR E> Tae banal transfer faction. Tramfyer_qunckion_for Change in _koaol R=o Ysp =O > » C= (CM 4o M=24e4 ge RB a[E--8 Bette aC G(Ut EKG) Ce Ge(u- HCE G) Cx GV —GaHcaeg @ CIF NG) =P COItGH = @U [E-Ten stn Scanned with CamScanner~erholfer . Snpuk othe Contolter da tte error f the culfak siprok & conbeller ob fed Ho the final conbo] element (valve). In ery Procers Conte syrtem This cutbut apgral 4s an adr premure ¢ « The pial control element vis a preumat value that open £ oleses 0d the atir prevoure on the diapigram changes - Componente a Gubler s— * Traveducer . * Controller, ° Corwerter, * Control value. % Contd value (adeal dansper function ) Atnear Valve always have some Lynarncic Lag transfer fenchion = O63) _ output Zoo _ PCS) apa premure, Qs) __t& Pls) wsH hye Steacly State grinl Crytank, ef Profertioneaty bho the Steaoly stale flow rake ¢ valve tp frewure_). cy= time Constant 9 the Valve HE LLLUL LA LT II III ISS IIITISII SS; Scanned with CamScannerTime Gortont gf the Valve 4 Very small Co ult tre tine contant p} Other comporenfe af the control System. ty to (cv