Matrices

What is a Matrix? Column 1 Column 2

Row 1 1 2
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers.
Row 2 3 4

Element

The numbers in the Matrix are called the elements.

Order of Matrix

The Order is the dimension of a Matrix. 2 5 1

Eg 2 x 3 (no of row x no of column) ( 3 6 3 )
2
Column Matrix
()
5
1

Row Matrix (3 5 1)

Square Matrix 2 5 2
( ) 2 5
3 6 ( )
3 6 6
7 2 1

Addition and Subtraction 2 5 1 5 9 6 7 14 7

( 3 6 3 )(
+
4 1 7
=
7 7 10 )( )
5 9 6 2 5 1 3 4 5
(4 1 7
−
)(
3 6 9
=
1 −5 −2 )( )
3 4 9 12
Multiplication by a Scaler 3
( )(
7 5
=
21 15 )
3 4 8 2 3x 8+4 x 1 3x 2+4 x 6 28 30
Multiplication by Matrices
( ) ( )(
7 5
X
1 6
=
7 x 8+ 5 x 1 7 x 2+5 x 6
=
)(
61 44 )
1 0 0
Identity Matrix, I
AI = A
I=
1 0
( )
0 1 ( )
I= 0 1 0
0 0 1
 A. Writing a Matrix
Express the tables as a Matrix.

A B C

Boy 20 21 15

Girl 18 22 17

Box X Box Y

Red 16 10

Blue 24 30

Question

In a fast food restaurant, burgers are sold in single or double.

Singe and Double fish burgers are sold at $3 and $3.50 respectively.
Singe and Double chicken burgers are sold at $5 and $5.80 respectively.
Write the information as a matrix.
 B. Equal and Ratio Matrix
●
When two Matrices are equal, the respective elements are equal.
●
When two Matrices are in ratio, a multiplier is needed to show the ratio relation.

Given 10 x 5 20
( 20 15
=
)(
y 7.5 )
10 x 5 20
( 20 15 ) (
=k
y 7.5 )
10 = 5k
k=2

x = 5k =10

15 = 2y
Y = 7.5

5 7 −9 5 x −2 −9
Given that
( 2y +1 −6 11
=
)(
−3 −6 11
,
) find x and y.
 C. Addition and Subtraction
●
Two Matrices may add ore subtract only when both are in the same order.
●
The elements of the same location may add or subtract each other.

7 −b 6 −4 d 7
Given
( a 2 ) (
-
3 c ) ( )
=
4 0

7–6=d -b–4=7
d=1 b = - 11

a–3=4 2+c=0
a=7 c=-2

3 −b 2 −4 9 7
Given that
( )(
a 5
-
6 c
=
) ( )
1 3
find a, b and c.
 D. Multiplication by Scaler

3 −1 2 0
Given A=
( )5 2
and B =
−6 4
,
( )
3 −1 9 −3
3A = 3
( ) (
5 2
=
15 6 )
2 0 3 −1 8 0 15 −5
4B - 5A = 4
( −6 4
-5
) ( ) (
5 2
=
) (
−24 16
-
) (
25 10
=
−7 −5
−49 26 )

6 3 6 3 2 −3
Given that P=
( 2 1 7 )
and Q =
−2 −4 3( , 5P + 2Q.
)
 E. Multiplication by Matrix
●
Two Matrices may multiply only when both the orders are in the form
A x B and B x C.

3 4 3 7
Given C=
( −5 6 )
and D =
2 6
,
( )
3 4 3 4 9−20 12+24 −11 36
C2 =
( −5 6 )( −5 6 ) (
=
−15−30 −20 +36
=
) (
−45 16 )
3 4 3 7 9+8 21+24 17 45
CD =
( −5 6 )( ) (
2 6
=
−15+ 12 −35+36
=
) (
−3 1 )
3 7 3 4 9−35 12+ 42 −24 36
DC =
( )(
2 6 −5 6 ) (
=
6−30 8+36
=
) (
−24 44 )

3 −1 2 0
Given that A=
( )
5 2
and B =
−6 4
,
( ) is AB = BA?
 F. Identity Matrix

2 5 a b
Given X =
( )
−1 7
and Y =
( )
c d
, find a, b, c and d when XY = I.

XY = I
2 5 a b 1 0
( )( ) ( )
−1 7 c d
=
0 1

2a + 5c 2 b +5 d 1 0
( ) ( )
−a +7 c −b +7 d
=
0 1

2a + 5c = 1 - a + 7c = 0 2b + 5d = 0 -b + 7d = 1
a = 7c b = 7d - 1
14c + 5c = 1 14d – 2 + 5b = 0 2
1 7 + 1 = 7d
a = 7x = 19b = 2
19
1 19 19 2
c= b=
19 21
19 7d =
19
3
d=
19

2 5 1 0
Given that A=
( )
−1 7
and I =
( )
0 1
, is AI = IA?