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Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to biochemical engineering. It defines biochemical engineering as conducting biological processes on an industrial scale by linking biological sciences with chemical engineering. Biotechnology is then defined as applying technology using living organisms to obtain useful products and is multidisciplinary, involving engineering, genetics, and more. Typical biological processes involve growing cells in a bioreactor to produce products from raw materials like biomass. Biochemical engineers work with biological scientists to optimize bioprocesses at large scales.

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45 views7 pages

Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to biochemical engineering. It defines biochemical engineering as conducting biological processes on an industrial scale by linking biological sciences with chemical engineering. Biotechnology is then defined as applying technology using living organisms to obtain useful products and is multidisciplinary, involving engineering, genetics, and more. Typical biological processes involve growing cells in a bioreactor to produce products from raw materials like biomass. Biochemical engineers work with biological scientists to optimize bioprocesses at large scales.

Uploaded by

workisa
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HARAMAY UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Introduction to Biochemical
Engineering

By: Workisa .B
Chapter one

Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering


Biochemical Engineering
 Biochemical engineering is concerned with conducting biological processes on an industrial scale.
 This area links biological sciences with chemical engineering

Biotechnology
 Biotechnology can be defined as application of technology using the living organisms to obtain useful
production
 Biotechnology is Commercial techniques that use living organisms, or substances from those organisms,
to make or modify a product, including techniques used for the improvement of the characteristics of
economically important plants and animals and for the development of microorganisms to act on the
environment
 Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary in nature involving input from engineering ,genetics, biochemistry,
cell and molecular biology microbiology ,recombinant DNA technology and etc
Applications of Biotechnology
 Food :- wide range of food products fertilizers beverages ingredients

 Environment:-waste treatment bioremediation energy production and enhanced oil recovery.

 Agriculture :-novel crops and animal varieties

 Chemical intermediates:- reagents including enzymes ,DNA and acetic acid, acetone, butanol,

ethanol, many other products from biomass conversion processes.

 Therapeutics:-antibiotics, vaccines and gene therapy

 Biosensors:- are analytical devices that combine a biologically sensitive element with a physical or

chemical transducer to selectivity and quantitatively detect the presence of specific compounds in a

given external environment


Typical biological process
 Typical biological process is the process by which an organism has an observable effect on another
organism of the same or different species.
 This may include fermentation fertilization germination tropism metamorphoses and photosynthesis
 In this process raw materials, usually biomass, are treated and mixed with other ingredients that are
required for cells to grow well.
 The liquid mixture, the medium, is sterilized to eliminate all other living microorganisms and
introduced to a large cylindrical vessel, bioreactor or fermenter, typically equipped with agitators,
baffles, air spargers, and various sensing devices for the control of fermentation conditions
 A pure strain of microorganisms is introduced into the vessel.
 The number of cells will start to multiply exponentially after a certain period of lag time and reach a
maximum cell concentration as the medium is depleted.
 The fermentation will be stopped and the contents will be pumped out for the product recovery and
purification
 To carry out a bioprocess on a large scale, biochemical engineers need to work together with
biological scientists
 to obtain the best biological catalyst for a desired process

 to create the best possible environment for the catalyst

 to separate the desired products from the reaction mixture in the most economical way
 The major advantages of Biological processes:  The major disadvantages of Biological processes:

 Mild reaction condition  Complex product mixtures


 Specificity  Dilute aqueous environments
 Effectiveness  Contamination
 Renewable resources  Variability
 Recombinant DNA technology

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