cubs Bleckroic Principles and crews Bet 323, 2270 Shem: medule- 1 Sub lode | BIT Ae models: Rare -bicred amplifier ; 1) De chrentt puptty votkage Vee’ trlector 4 OWT vethege Vow bin erly KVL from Vee. te GND Hamat Be VCE Vee = Le ke t VeE — —&) : Vee = Vee te Re i ' T. 2 _ caerrent gore PF = or Tem Pe @ The Veo = Fehet Ve “SY Ve = Vem Ve. = take + Moe. —# Te 4 Vee Ve re cabled Q- pints,p pocwts, means Fee es ov operating of VeE Dt ok Zora Linpuk eed De Cert: bxi Gt Veen Bov, Kez IM, hee OT pe 100 cindl fia Velvet F Te, Te and estletor volkage Vo, soln: rem eat), | Tp = Ve Vee Ve< since Vee77 Vee- Re Ke then Tae 2c = Bo fA Xe = PIg 7 32™A- Prom e2 G) Te 1SV pom eR QA) Ve = ce pints are (ve, li) eee. biored amplifier Vee on ie 1 4 picted anpliper. the pao . Are 4 Pote- biated amphi i a — 3™00 2 exw i Te)= ISV3dB™mA- | +¢ | bh) Bate Lys! fg 16) ere packer CG 44 cmnectad bin ae inp couplerg CoVin end bese. Coupling Capacitor plavrs ae Campenent and plocles de Compment + [Ny Conaphing Capactey COy es uted bin Collector and Joa Ext fr ac ainpet vellage Vin 4 [O00 PY, Sing. Coupling Capectoy Ct; ads cA an ac Aharh, ohh the ae voltage appear bin bete GMD. qs ac. volkege predates an ae bese current pe added xo an evistog dc. bate Current. gn other wrerds, Phe Lntol pate ‘Current as equal te the Aomefp de current and the ac cergont 18 Fe “a >| ee ete Cea Sa 442) ee Collector Vole, F4(e9 2 Watroter Lhe idea. An ae Component aA Preperina posed on the AC Compme nt» an the ue holy cycle, Hee ac bare Current adds to‘ The Bopa oy tae At bate crrest and on the Se a ee ae cThe. bose Current predates an amplifiad Varakion en Uber cecrrerk peta FE Far Current goin se pg 2, He. totecter canrmenk hak O° AE pene ro oo Superinpoted on Hn AA an Ae cattertoy cxrrrent’ inte $8 Amplified Certlertor gh predates Varying voltage Acrett He Collector ‘ition usen pain Votlage 18 Aubrracked from fi Apply vollape,, tre get tea cattecton volbage or shown in 49 29° Agen, an ac Component it Avperimpobed on a ae be The cotrectisr Voltage it Awrnging nschodadhy alone and below the dc Aevel we ee pis. Aldo, Hoe anc Cobhestor Voge inverted, Votlage. gains Ay Sepad a4 Pe Ie F Oe catpat volbnge Vouk te ae inp velheqe Vin oy vee i Vin Ey. ae velkage acreth tte Load 14 Somv sd ac ifpUiage 24 Ipoh, Hen Ays SemY ion Soo. By ee i Soo timer )OGeT thar Fhe ae inpuk voltage. far & tag pe oF fo werk popes, Thaw farte Xe quust be ee ee eo cperponr oF A cowl BY YF i yendorie oh 12Hb ee Art oH Gord coupling) Fes otk é anolyst, fee copacttey ads or a open 1) Fr a ard vi) Fer ae arcys, fae copecker att asa Bette d sinee FOV OH dc velbege, freen>g ta ger. 1 2 @ / Xe* 2Khe ext) oF Re Lk. cond preerrey yonge frim Lots-20 Lind tee Vola fe qeedea eel Ke CaF Cpecter sn: Ke Ok @ 2ete Me zoo Je @ Ze He ! toe BB PE. Ce 7 Thhke ~ 2K (22) (292) »The bate- piste ampligicr hat am urttalele Q- potrt, Gor t44 yeaton, tb 14 net uted a4 an amplifior AW emitter bisied amplifier (v9 8 oy TSEB) ja whed fev stette. Q: point - fodacks LC Componest The emither by pans enpaciher CE yA similar Fo a Comping Capacitor become speck cevrvent ed a plberneding Current: put it is net ured Zo couple a Danok btn tus porrts. oritead, at 4 ured fo crante an At ground. A bypars ca pectey 14 Jom pirkark , because iL Uouws to Create an ac ground tan arplifier prithot disturbing Q point Revrtants & ard ky att as a Vellage divider nebismde + “The Voltage dp acres rerittar Ry cxill fovinrel bles the bete- eondiber junction.7 Emitter qryister Re provides stabiligston for a good bypaing i Xe < o-IR- To Cabtetete the Le voltozes a oe ty open oll Capactons, Then, the tramistey etrut Aomplifis te VOB cLreths LL Te ='lmA, To fine a ae Vee tov oe TEM yy Blea Ce rhe) A Br2ek thy fae2 Ve = IB, Vie Ve - Veg = BOT IV, Ve 2 Vet Take = 10 Ch (S16).= bony, a ee Bee Ry +R, nae The ot oucree volkage 1 a crmall dinntroided Volkage estth an average Value of Zero. The bose Vrllage if am ae Voltage Auptrimpetesl or a de Volkage OF +h BV. The (gtleckor Voltage. 44 an amplified pn anverted ac. Wllcge peperimporel on the Ac pMecor volbage of 46:01. The Asad volkaye 14 Lame ay Bee Collector voltage -TWD - Supply emitter bias (TSEC)! Fes eV aw, fe Lar 5: a vy WA -0-7V Vie ORY foe qoith Waveforms. eg Gy TSe® amphi her a tur 2774 emitter bias (TSEB) Anphofier corwit chen Te= mA» 2g (i)-h= -o'tV: Gary, The Ae Fg) shows fralye He dc part F Fee Vpz oO’ yee Veo eee ee co . Pa, epevation y te ercust 14 siorilnr to BAGO ‘ “a the base v0 ampere? we Conphe. a gral nts pie anal 6 amplitiod fo get. Hee collector velege The amplified ; ja couple Bin Phe At: The AE pow le Volhoge Vig, dt Aral, Herein ypotloge The base volley has a Anedh ac com ponend viding OW a Ac Comprrent yf approximately ov. The. Heke (qtlerkar vollage 44 am donverted Sine pave riding on Khe tMekoy yatta oF S'32V.“phar Avert Votlnge j4 Abe ame a mpbicp'ad Ai gnok cyth mo de. Campane rd Aguin noice Aha pure Ae Voge an dhs. emidher, a dine Le mash og ding Abs bapars Capartor, oy Aha bypen Copa bay were pen, AM 2 Voltage toned appear of dhe crite o, Wea rout, greatly yeduce Bhs Voll 40 gain» “pheredaye , whan Arowdss Ahaoding 0m ampligion rth ba pars Capacitor, ye merhey Abod all ae grounds hdd hare Je Oc. Volbnge. Cm ott: Atgnad ope roSion. : FAD Gr-ph og Cherverh Verkud vy rier, pitogg bare -emithe, diode. roge for Fhe. (gb) Hot the graph og cucrrenk verbs solte oe he bene mien Lode, ewhin ee eee a transister, an ac Vellege appears acm tre bare emitter Linde. Twit prdutr fhe dnetel Veratin in Vge ar therm in +90): Ect pried asia a when the Voltage imcreate Aan +ve peak , Abe imhantancoes operating point moves from @ fe He upper poink ar shown in 490). then due Sine Wave decressea te ks Negotive perk, fae irrhankaneous apereting pink mort rom @ fn toe booier poith: The ktoh epidter- bare Velnge sg an ac. velboge Certved on & ac voltage: The Bye of He ac volbige didermins how fax, Fhe Antharkancous pout mova Por © point Large ae pase. Voleges awe? dem anadiions, rembes Amallh AC bate produc Lege podrte Aad vorabions - the at epmther Currert +4 not a perfect replica gy te ac base Votkage became Ff tre Cureture ; paph ia curved upward , Ake 44 th groth Sint. f ave balg cgde F ae emitter correrk iA elon ded, stretched) ob dee ve baly cele 44 Compretiedd Ts par ached comprebed % An glrernate haly egele 4 Coted AMortion . VoltagesReducing sistortion : one way to yedute. diskarhion 4A tog keeping the oe pate Voltage mall og tee Mgnad 4 Amoolt enough, Abe graph appan te be Lieer “The 10 percent rote: the etal ember Current Costs a dc Component ond an at Component, pdich ‘Can be orititen a4? Tex Tegt fe. wture Te = He fatal emitter querer - leg= fe At emuter Cerret and ip= the oc emiltier current: TO guinimize diskorkion, the peo - to- perk Valens ne Ten rd be. Amal Compare to eq. Fer malt Aignal operstion fe cont O-\Lzg. Tht 24 fhe ae Algnok ik Pomel tohen Hem Peaks to- peok ac ember qurrent is law than lo pertext of The dc emitter current For ox! ly the de eqwitter Cerrert LA lomh, dhe peak. ho; Peak emitted current 4A bun thom tm for Arad Harnad operalion,:Ext) Ube : : ) gy TSEB track how in Fale find the maximum Amol Agrol omither Current Sela) Vee +leq Re = VEE’ (ec —vee)/ee- Tegt i- OoD/ine a [BMA Jeq.= The Amall signal emitter current Fe Cor) 120 PLA < Ol Teg ie-cee) = Be current gern (Pde): Jepinet Phe pebio og dc tector qurreat Te ‘to dc bate current Tg. ws Pde = ee the de Crret gain the @ poink: Ac varrerdk L gain (@): ac Caltecter corrent je depends on the. Location of Defined a4 the yoko oF ty AC bate current i, Graphitady equals te dope op fie Curves ak Be Q point Moin in fg): the vole % P degencls om tae amounk og dc Collector urns.Ac enishan ce oy Abe Emitter dinde : PY) Ac renatante gy emitter diode. PY@) Ahowt a grrh F Carrrent Versus Voltage for Se a oe ac. Voltage 44 dhe emitter dinds., i porter fie ae acrots the emitter emitter carrert. Ae SR 4 the ac emitter ceurvent depends on A- Location og the & point. Became of the crrveture, We gt more peak- to peak ac emither Carre higher up Ae grerh The ac emitter qeMrhante of Mee. emitter dinke (ae) 14 defined a4: tar yehlo y ac bate to emuter Voltage(Voe) Ae ac emither current (le), : fees |. 2o™¥. ie open ore am whore tye de € BT, VSB i PE” bees cnabtey current { 225m.th tve4 ayitor Mol els 5 \ To analye an ac operahion of a tramtithsr anplizion we need an ac eguivele nt cereuwik der @ Len racstor, vie af he ‘ tie & Re the inpt ionpedance Coed AAP eS vie © Py@ Fo model of a 1 one of the mest earkiett ac moodle Wat the Eber - moll model a Ahown in 49.1S dal ac. signal cancerned Tie ete verte Th [a 3 -° hia tn Aame ar Re madd Ay CEP. Shen by uring otins Lav) ae; sinks te wleExt) cshet Lo the yottog 20 fe 2 gain 6 ontpt Voltage acts he Lead qeauskar, if de ‘emitter Current og (IMA. bn AG 14a) _atVer 1ov Vout * lok pth me | Pq @)-vre te soln) The Of catlectoy yesishey, % = Roll Ry. 1 x BG *O 2 2iGSkt , . 136 The ae qesstante F tee emitter Licke ix e gS¥W? oe BET [exw 1 Bin tbatey = NE The input Algal at the fot bate 4+ - if Le = 625 mv Vin = Goo & PIL aef 26 ed es ae Arne ar firsk Hoge! Zin (stay) = foe ((2-2k[{227k = lea Ben cree Phe ac Collectoy rerdstance _ Avie ee = 3S The ac callectey Voltage in Aen fk Mop a1: t= Av, Vin = GH5)Co-casmvy) = 21-6 mv The ac Colle toy verivkont. of Sha Atomd Atop WS Ves REK((tokK = Desks. Av, = 26S = [t4. ro 227 The al output Valley a corr Lhe hood qevatey Us Vout 2 AV, Vo, 2 IM2N emt) = 2152 The oyeatt Voltage quan Ay= (34:5) CY) 4037 The ac ovtpet Voltage acres Pt loed vesatey is Youd Ay Vin = G037) (Ob2Smv)= 2'S2¥.