Department of Computer Science and Engineering
COMPILER DESIGN
III B. Tech. - II Semester L T P C
Course Code: A3CS25 4 1 - 4
COURSE OVERVIEW:
This course deals with the basic techniques of Compiler Construction and tools that can used to
perform Syntax-directed translation of a high-level programming language into an executable
code. This will provide deeper insights into the more advanced semantics aspects of
programming languages, code generation, machine independent optimizations, dynamic memory
allocation, types and their inferences, object orientation. The course is presented to the students
by using power point projections, lecture notes, subjective and objective tests, assignments, and
laboratory
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. To teach concepts of language translation and phases of compiler design
2. To describe the common forms of parsers
3. To inculcate knowledge of parser by parsing LL parser and LR parser
4. To demonstrate intermediate code using technique of syntax directed translation
5. To Illustrate the various optimization techniques for designing various optimizing compilers
COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course students will be able to:
1. Use compiler construction tools and describes the Functionality of each stage of compilation
process
2. Construct Grammars for Natural Languages and find the Syntactical Errors/Semantic errors
during the compilations using parsing techniques
3. Analyze different representations of intermediate code.
4. Construct new compiler for new languages.
5. Participate in GATE, PGECET and other competitive examinations
SYLLABUS
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION TO COMPILERS: Definition of compiler, interpreter and its differences, the phases
of a compiler, role of lexical analyzer, regular expressions, finite automata, from regular expressions
to finite automata, pass and phases of translation, bootstrapping, LEX-lexical analyzer generator.
PARSING: Parsing, role of parser, context free grammar, derivations, parse trees, ambiguity,
elimination of left recursion, left factoring, eliminating ambiguity from dangling-else grammar, classes
of parsing, top down parsing - backtracking, recursive descent parsing, predictive parsers, LL(1)
grammars.
UNIT - II
BOTTOM UP PARSING: Definition of bottom up parsing, handles, handle pruning, stack
implementation of shift-reduce parsing, conflicts during shift-reduce parsing, LR grammars, LR
parsers-simple LR, canonical LR(CLR) and Look Ahead LR (LALR) parsers, error recovery in parsing,
parsing ambiguous grammars, YACC-automatic parser generator.
UNIT - III
SYNTAX DIRECTED TRANSLATION: Syntax directed definition, construction of syntax trees, S-
attributed and L-attributed definitions, translation schemes, emitting a translation.
INTERMEDIATE CODE GENERATION: intermediate forms of source programs– abstract syntax
tree, polish notation and three address code, types of three address statements and its
implementation, syntax directed translation into three-address code, translation of simple statements,
Boolean expressions and flow-of-control statements.
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering
UNIT - IV
TYPE CHECKING: Definition of type checking, type expressions, type systems, static and dynamic
checking of types, specification of a simple type checker, equivalence of type expressions, type
conversions, overloading of functions and operators.
RUN TIME ENVIRONMENTS: Source language issues, Storage organization, storage-allocation
strategies, access to non-local names, parameter passing, symbol tables and language facilities for
dynamic storage allocation.
UNIT - V
CODE OPTIMIZATION: Organization of code optimizer, basic blocks and flow graphs, optimization of
basic blocks, the principal sources of optimization, the directed acyclic graph (DAG) representation of
basic block, global data flow analysis.
CODE GENERATION: Machine dependent code generation, object code forms, the target machine,
a simple code generator, register allocation and assignment, peephole optimization.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman (2007), Compilers Principles, Techniques and
Tools, 2nd edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, India.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Alfred V. Aho, Jeffrey D. Ullman (2001), Principles of compiler design, Indian student edition,
Pearson Education, New Delhi, India.
2. Kenneth C. Louden (1997), Compiler Construction– Principles and Practice, 1st edition, PWS
Publishing.
3. K. L. P Mishra, N. Chandrashekaran (2003), Theory of computer science- Automata Languages
and computation, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, India.
4. Andrew W. Appel (2004), Modern Compiler Implementation C, Cambridge University Press,
UK.
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