> ~ » Unit =1 » te # UNIX Oporsting Systems tm ° Unix isan Grating System. BA Operating System is Aofhware _Ahod_acks san dinloJace between fhe user anol compufen farduare- «An Qpenalii Systern acks os 0 _verounce __ manager. + Hest reroute means hardware serources Like fhe processor, “ain _memoay, the hard clisk , “Input ond oudput clevices and other peripherals. pla ele # “Th__addition te being a _mubli-usex openafigg Syatem unix Gives its ures, the geeling, of wos King an inclepenclenf Computes Aystenn- Pes ise Unix__olxo provides communication facility with othes useas whe! ase connected to the system either either divecdy, ox inclise My viq__cerfain soa) of netusor King: CCCCCCeCreeeeCerT? “TaaY gg § — © Unix is a_multi-boaking OS 9 + Te hos the ability to suppssl> conaudrent _exttufion of 2 ov move aclive_psocers (intonce of program —_im_exetubisn is called process) - _¢ Tn Multi-tasking, differed tasks the process _-wunning concurrently belongs to_ane.._ user fam tt {j Texminal Motte mn ! Seesggscgcecce> Multi User : s Unix ts mulli- user Operal perating System: ° TH ho ability 40 suppost aca than ene user to fogin. inte the system Aimdtaneausly and execute Programs: . "Sle environment dijeorent tosis belong 1 id gonl Ubews- () Teuniral - i ' (cma Host Machine eon Terminal * Unix Opexartiny plen ia highSy portable * Compared ne ate opualing ye ib is vepy Cory to port, unix on. te different Rorrdioone platform with minimal ox no. modifications at all re, because it vooyys cleveloped in C Language which ia high Level ote * The. code can be changed and compiled on a new machine @. Security + . Unix provides high Securify Seve (guste fev Becunily anc Fide Sevel Beewrily).+ A Unix is _roulli- uses _gystem , trexe ib every _ thane Shak _ubes_mgy—_inhsude indo _a_ancfher uted oreg_eithes_univertionally. ‘Bul, Unix _offess _Aolid_Becurity ob _vorioun Sevels _ beginning Ssom the fystem _srosdup Sevel to occoming ile as well a» | roving clata in An_ertay pled foxm: BAe Machine Grmmunicatin : TT communication protocols Sike feplip hos made _pomibe +p unix _Operafiing —___ Baptern fo a user to exchange inform dion | _I8_the form qj email_and shored “dota: © This make Communication system _ aster and past Hae Ranier: ____* Che jhe_veny impordant Key deahune 9} a eae ae Cote vow and _mointsin thee dies] clinechoria_ _eoaily and _ moictain Shere files] disecloria eicieney + Tk mongges_ Jide, olloading file _space adlminis tacding Fee spote., Controlling accers te ile and xduiving _dosta Jos wee. CCCC CC COSC ee eerrdrreTe z B = 3 to 7 a Sage at UNTX wes a hewarchial _dide Breuchune | ~ de Alose _infox ution + “Er allows fox easy Maintenance _an _—_gflicied implementation, + UNIX File System con be Local ox _Dytviuded. © Vecoschial Hk Syston +>See ie a B® Cudinayy. ox Replay Files (—)2 An Osclinany file ib a ile on the Byptern Anat _condoins data , text OF progam —inshructiy Osdinony file can be ao text file ov ie File. AL text” Fide contains only printable igen ahich user Con view and edit them. fg? AMC programs, jova programs £ shell peagtam ek > Direcdory. Files (d) + A disecbny conlains no deta but Keeps oil deloiti of the giles and sub divechvies- + A divelay 00” divedosia stose bsth apeciol and ordinayy Fides + : "A divecbosy fide contains an ents py evoy file ond ubdise dur) thot it Atoxes- & J —* foch_2day har too _Components -2 G The gilenome > @ A _uniguie—idlerdificafian nurnbes dos Ihe ghle or disectory ber Called — fnodle ~ number: -* Special cx Device Files (bos oO! rae e ALL devices files ae stored in| dev dict divectory > In Unix. Files and. devices axe treated on Aame: = Special files one uae __do- veprewed a veo physical cevive Bachar! a printer, tape drive _o4 fewminal , wed ox — [Output operctions» - é + They —appeax ina ileayslem just Sike an odinary fideo 0 clivectory issFe UNIX Acchitecdune + Spoeadmeed - Applicahon Frogroms D © + TF is a Gre Qf UNIX: . + TTF couist gf all porphoros clevites CRAM, USB , Memory God @—Konel Loye-+ ool —— - Tt ino of the ng Sustem> © Ti in a collection 9 aia Channon). 2 Tt ised infetad — with the Pardwcxe of the Computer and manage all the _opercdins « + A Kernel manger System meray and Acheclule process. - TH also give priovities do ~ ethes procen. © TE alee Confaof —_vartious _resounte by albeating them olijjeed _usew ard given - “Ft handles eto and ipkoupls- + Te helps in moirdainipg file System PUVeeeeeese ees eeeceerrrrrrrnrnrvsrS Shell Layer + a © A shell in an ing beboe Keind and She wae ee ae = © TH xeads the commands and Shen intexped them and Jere a _vequest de _execule a proyseim:. the shell is abso called a command B intenphefer « User inenacd vith the shell using —Ahell _commarets- * Some Fanchons of Aelisone See see : - + File. Opening _ + File uJating ett J z + Crecuding poograms ee at By = Oblaning defailedl iafo_aboub pr 2 Terminchion of — psocers eth ; + Getting info about time oul ci Bien ee ete oeeetele? The applicatins ond _ubtisit Layer in Unix — includes the word! rele : ‘sangha paca, | dotobare Managemed programs, Commardls fe» * TF provide an _Oppllivafion tothe _encl users ___ £9 = Web browses , “Text fditoc cfc. F_Unix Commands + 2 7 “s Unix commands [Link] prggyona dod Con be _invoKed _in mubiple Ways Unix hos Lage bd. 9%) Commands. Syntox $ command options fiJenames> Feahoes of Unix Gnd 2 ets 7 a ee co Hof perma specific ALL unis commends cre written in owewcase Jeter cry tte "ee eplions presee®_in c. commard ane “inchceded py hyphen - agent (2): : di Fil acini L bee eee ee Tatema Gmmond a ae Rchennedl — Commanel._ = TTntexnal Corman = BSL et er polaris te + The commands thet axe builtin the pathol ane —_caaflec! internal _commancl tedala tee, + They axe executed! _offvect _ the shelf + They these Commands — tui _ have a —sepasade proces. + Thy, axe alte called as shell baile! commanals ancl they will nod — in _path_cliveccyy. fale 3 glo el se : ae ihe ab a 9 > echo, cd_, mKdlir_>vmdic, PATA ek. __ wweewewrwrwreryryrreyre#$sfséit$feée' .w’,#+f#s mt. | DALE el aaltsd ab leben » ~The commands _.thed axe _execidec! by the Kernel “oxe__callecl _extenal Commands __ © These_commontls evil? have 0 procers id _runni for_it + Exteunal Command —extstecl in any “PATH_cbvechy SiKe - —_ bin, luse Lb ete. ——__________- z : P= “These commancls having —inclependent cxiskene_inf bin, Jusy bin = — OF ony tne as tan Be dour slag type Command ey 2 Js, sed, cot , whe efer= Common. Struckae hee Te A Command is a og sam Shot Selfs the _ Unix Syptern todo Aor eing, a Syntox Command [= options. 1 Corpurnents a nome 9 D t-@namesf\ Command and_rnedifiat| (Argumeds can be ~@ usually ene ¢ eee more in + ophions 5 They one gentnoll preceded by a _ hyphen (~) ard Oo mow? aly 1 EN0Ke &. en con be Strung Aegether inthe (bom. aaelas ° Argument 2 indicate en _ewhol dhe tommand_ia fo _ perm ® ifs ackon _, usually a file ex _senier of fea Note |= = Unix in cone endive _ 2 _Muat_be a Space _belveen _ command, opliens ord. Osigumend s a joa |e ee & No space befuetr the plus ay _ minus Aign_ And option Sdte, z » Fides enclosed in [J] ane china: oe MAN ‘Browsing = beak dol ae aa ean eum is_bawically a _fosn__of _Softidare Dee umextodion usually found ona — Unix “0x _Unix= ike _Openahng Systen: or permits wos mde —c acters the enence joencemanued_pf ° utility — Ov a command do __execute fn the forminall- ¢ The man comand’ confaina the coma ond ofescxiplion hare z flags . applicable Optlina and__obher infoornallye emerd ee ee — Syntox 2 man + Lephints] Hynes) pales [dent CEST IIII as me x Unix File Syphern =A Jide ia _ronnd ‘callecfon a well ‘Whovmaten trod” ik recoded en rec ny Blowage. oA File _Byplem provides __o Poa se wy fe Owjoni7ze — cod codon user + AT File _Bystem ip _a peoup gh ee ond sevelod injpsmation —_one cuganized_ _in well defined order: ane! _on_a__Vond Dink = oN _ip__in mull - SEE oar dinechory, tee] tne very top Ane_file sytem ia Sead eae 2 oo ie ft eae ak Mf Masia - =the fi axe” saree aaa“Tre lah deraten the woot QB the gle ayslom tree * bein, +E The [bio disectoyy contans._Codain Sindemegad a" _utiliia auch ands os cp @ Wiis 4 disecfosy where a) commonly used —Unix__eommands one sboved. SO Thig dixedory Stoxea all bin cm. @ Thee axe some —_commancls_tuhere _ubex canal ae ——-but_ayptern Administrator can execube~ Such comm cindy One Abored inthis din ectoyy» Pi/elcateaa vestlel cal Lael Et glad Thin —thiectory contains aystem _ conligwadion diler_ond ——rypstern_dabtbae |@ Tt ale contained moirten once _utilifia such as init, Login | —_rome ord povdurorda ofc fa, ace The _dlivedogy condemn al the Gules ad cne_aeqind dow Suctonjal boaking — Proce + [dey - “Thiar_dlaeclay condos a device fie. Buch oa OT fas, vd Sele * Hse = @ On _enany system, wor. files one -alored in = this directory - i fs @ TH contains “She rome —_ hivecfories dor the wes,PR ees yee TT dive don conta _zystem —_dibscares. _Ond rome _cxificad _Jifes such _of Kernel _rnsdules Ox device Ayivers, qddade me © Ti alto loses the —xequised _ibraxien and dla ™ jibes Jor _progsama _ptowed —Laillnin| use 7 ; pe at tile alee elas ela eee EL cies me lkinp Tis divertor, conains oll _femparongy filles Be he eater me * [ron “Thin dhisedossy confains _devite _gile_vdledeel fo mm mounted devices» Jat it > = a] + loxoc . “Thin died: —conboins vithial_dile system Ahou ade ae ot on — files: __ 0 * _[eok “Tre_feme—clinecto the superee “yeof i A Hn @ system _cdmintshoedans - ——— = [vor The dise Hs contains oll udex painting “jobs “ond. ait nsarigg, or eud going mails. __~_ oy m= G._|Von [mail > “Thin ts the place shone oll _fhe _intomigg — © ———_—___ mostly and __Ou8gping ena xe shared ® @_|von| spool > Spent divedoyy, carfains print jobs. nail _Apanls . — rd other gneve dake PS Bilocis _oh Unix file Sytem : > Exc File Sytem in _cxgmiged lo _zequente 9) backs Ke = ia ak ick te 1024 _ Tater. _ 7These axe mai A block’ in Unix Fl - ararren infy ystems Super lock Anode block Dota block [Best Bork [Super Block | Thode Block | Lata “whan | - Boot Blok : >The Boot block contains bbeclshop progsam Shot in_uaed de Joad unix oporading hem » Tre Rectstap progsom is stored tn ‘ROM: >» The Bech shap program gets achiveded ad Aon as Byte» Ducted: > The Kernd is doaded into main memoxy during re the _booding Pwocens. SLO & + Super Book 2 al “The super block contain dhe actual infoumben oj. erdixe Unix file System: Ti maintain oll gree inode “blocks and _ deda blocks - > Ti contoim dhe no. q) dola blocks + allocated: > Tt contaim the no. ¢} free dala blocKa available > Th. contains the +no. ee inode blocks available > Ti contaim the Size GJ Unix file -Aystem- * Thode Bock ¢ : An inede is a dota atyuctwe in unix Shot Contains injec mel ion about a die within dhe ile ryslen“TF __ contains Flowing, injoxmation —. > Mbibdes g\ jhe _gite > contains file Pexnixdsion. ” Cordains the size the file P dat@ ond tie ef Laat modification Q) She fle * $ As -i_ primsh + Data block + “The dota blocK achu confains dhe contend ¥ a dive » The addvew qf data blocks axe ayoileble “in SinKed Mist in She inode block: > These ane 10 clive blocks and S_indived blocks. —> Dikedo, sdobed cornmands # TThse axe 4 Girectory xeladed — cormmandls + ~Thesy axe pod (Cprered working disechay) cd C Change fanaa rikdiv © make ox create alisectory) amir ( vemnove _dliredory) © Pwd + SSN TTR command stands fos _prerert_wosKing dis ectosy: + Th is “wed to disphoy Soca ion gh Cusied wer King disecdos y+ Syntox 3 § pwd “Then __pren_entex ty : &. ped _ > [Tiere Jigiy |SS eee ay ee eee : * This Command stands fos Ch i * “Thia_ command is ae ured fh p 3 Hoe cwrrend -olinetory oe ar ; eng Syrko= 4 ed < divecly name> ty -_$ pwd 23 $ [home | voju 8a) _ 2 — |] home} xa} "+ “This comme stands for _make_ov create dlixecdory ones le + This comm is wed to cvecde 0 -—__new _dlivectory _uncler Ons Olinectory+ * Syntor i= _$_mwKdiy diteclory: name> A $_mbdix —Labprogram. ‘ dit ara ee ee eee + This command stands for _yernove_ clivectory * “This__command is used _..fo_dellefe_ ar yemove — the -al ready exishing. chix ectory. a Syniox — f_ymdis_ Qa dite os civectory hy tA Path mame —? Thee ove two path nama _t— + Full or Abulube patho + Relodive pathname . eee ee “Ty pleads uaith the -voad Cn, > - » ard _Joloos the beunches of the dite syptem each DB Fepoaled by I, undid you _reach tre dersised file > & fs bo eps eo eae : > [rome Jusy [ese | Sec] stdetrt > 7 TT Node Qe tho Me, —____— a se “Retalae Ena Th _Bpecifies Ahe_path sedive to : notes _, usualy the curred —_LossKing, diseday too ied —_Jile - : et d ese} sec] std-txt 7 ' SPegsesceecer