MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
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IDENTITY: HALOTHANE (2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE)
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SECTION I: MANUFACTURER
HALOCARBON LABORATORIES Emergency Number: (803) 278-3504
(Div. of Halocarbon Products Corp.)
P.O. Box 661 Customer Service & Sales: (201) 262 8899
River Edge, NJ 07661
Prepared by: Dr. Lee G. Sprague
Reviewed by: Dr. Neville P. Pavri
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SECTION II: CHEMICAL IDENTITY
CAS OSHA ACGIH Other
Components No. PEL TWA Limits
2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1- 151-67-7 NONE 50 ppm NONE
trifluoroethane
OSHA HAZARD RATING:
This product contains the following toxic chemical(s) subject to Section
313 Title III reporting requirements (40 CFR Part 372).
NONE
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SECTION III - PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Boiling Point : 50C Vapor Pressure: 243 mm Hg (20C)
Melting Point : N/A Vapor Density(Air=1): 6.9
Specific Gravity(H2O=1): 1.87 Solubility in Water : Negligible
Appearance and Odor: Colorless liquid with ethereal odor.
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SECTION IV - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
Flash Point/Method: None Autoignition Temp: Not determined
Flammability Limits in Air - LEL: N/A UEL: N/A
Extinguishing Media: Non-flammable. Use methods suitable for surroundings.
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus
if there is danger of leakage.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Thermal decomposition products are
toxic and corrosive.
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SECTION V - REACTIVITY DATA
Unstable [ ] Conditions to Avoid: N/A
Stable [X]
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Reactive metals such as sodium,
potassium and finely divided zinc, aluminum and magnesium, especially at
high temperature.
Hazardous Decomposition or By-products: Thermal, oxidative decomposition
gives halogen acids and carbonyl halides.
Hazardous Polymerization [ ] May Occur [X] Will Not Occur
Conditions To Avoid: N/A
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SECTION VI - HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Halothane is an FDA approved general inhalation anesthetic. Health
professionals using this anesthetic as prescribed by the drug insert will
control handling procedures for medical use.
The anesthetic range begins at about 0.7% but initial induction may be as
high as 3% or higher. Acute accidental exposure to large doses may cause
dizziness and depress breathing. Continued exposure to higher levels will
cause cessation of breathing. If this occurs, give artificial respiration
and administer oxygen and obtain immediate medical help from an
anesthesiologist if available.
Halothane is essentially nontoxic by single dose ingestion (rat oral LD50:
6.7 g/kg). It is slightly irritating to rabbit eyes but not to skin.
Because of concerns of the health of those operating room personnel exposed
to waste anesthetic gases there have been many animal studies on the effects
of low levels of anesthetic gases and many epidemiological studies on
operating room personnel. These were fully reviewed in 1978 [1] and in 1982
[2] and in part in 1985 [3] and 1990 [4].
The epidemiological studies were seriously challenged [1,2] and after careful
review of those studies an eminent group of statisticians and
epidemiologists [3] found the studies inconclusive, and stated that, "..
prospective cohort studies are needed to determine whether there is a
relationship between current levels of occupational exposure to anesthetic
gases and adverse outcomes, particularly spontaneous abortion and liver
disease".
In 1987 an epidemiological study on veterinary personnel [5] showed that the
reproductive outcome for those personnel exposed to anesthetic gases is no
different from the general public.
In a comprehensive mortality study among U.S. physicians [6] anesthesiologists
had a death rate of only 88% of that of all physicians and less
than 66% of U.S. white males as a whole. Thus, anesthesiologists were
shown to have above average health.
The 1990 review lists many animal studies showing microscopic changes after
prolonged exposures during gestation to small concentrations of halothane.
The most significant of the animal studies [7], was on a very large number
of animals. It showed that exposures at 500 ppm of halothane for two hours
daily to both males and females for nine weeks prior to mating and then to
females throughout pregnancy showed no differences from the controls for
fertility, reproduction and postnatal survival.
The ACGIH, after reviewing all the studies, has adopted 50 ppm as the
acceptable time weighted average (TWA) for workers for a normal 8-hour
workday and 40-hour week.
References:
[1] Ferstandig, L.L., Anesth Analg 1978, 57, 328-345
[2] Ferstandig, L.L., Acta anaesth scand 1982, Suppl 75, 38-43
[3] Buring, J.E., Hennekens, C.H., Mayrent, S.L., et al, Anesthesiology
1985, 62, 325-330
[4] Baeder, C., Albrecht, M., Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1990, 62, 263271
[5] Johnson, J.A., Buchan, R.M., Reif, J.S., Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1987, 48,
62-66
[6] Goodman, L.J., Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, Summer 1975, 353-375
[7] Wharton, R.S., Mazze, R.I., Baden, J.M., et al, Anesthesiology 1978,
48, 167-174
Primary routes of entry: [X] Inhalation [X] Skin [ ] Eyes [ ] Oral
Acute Effects of Overexposure: Anesthesia, dizziness, depressed breathing.
Chronic Effects of Overexposure: Mostly unknown. Liver damage has been
reported after repeated anesthetic exposure.
Carcinogenicity listing: [No ] NTP [No ] IARC [No ] OSHA
[No ] Other:
First Aid
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, give artificial respiration if needed.
Get medical help from anesthesiologist.
Skin: Wash with soap and water.
Eye: Wash with copious amounts of water. Seek medical help.
Oral: Induce vomiting and contact physician.
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: None known.
Other Health Hazards: None known.
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SECTION VII - PROTECTION INFORMATION
Respiratory: None normally needed.
Ventilation: Provide adequate ventilation to meet the ACGIH TWA of 50 ppm.
Eye and Face: Safety glasses or goggles.
Gloves: Impervious gloves.
Other equipment: None normally needed.
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SECTION VIII - SPILL, LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Spill, Leak, or Release: Allow small spills to dissipate with good
ventilation. For large spills wear self-contained breathing apparatus and
absorb on vermiculite and place in closed container.
Waste Disposal: Allow small amounts to evaporate in well ventilated area.
Observe all federal, state and local regulations.
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SECTION IX - OTHER INFORMATION
1. Hazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Shipping Regulations
Anesthetics are classified as Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials when
shipped by air. U.S. and international shipping regulations require
that any person(s) shipping Dangerous Goods be properly trained and
certified. Shipping Dangerous Goods without meeting these requirements
is a violation of U.S. law and the shipper could be subject to fines
and/or imprisonment. Anesthetics cannot be shipped by U.S. Mail.
U.S.
(49 CFR): N/A (regulated by Air Only)
IATA: Proper Shipping Name: Aviation Regulated Liquid, N.O.S.
(2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE)
Hazard Class: 9; ID No.: UN 3334
Packaging Group: N/A
IMDG: N/A (Regulated By Air Only)
2. Other Information:
HMIS Labeling Information: H 1; F 0; R 0; P B
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REVISED: JANUARY 18, 2005
