Module 1
Module 1
ey equivolodt £ QAR (prada rok prlqar P 9 clprqlPagiar| gar pa Cqar) TOT T T T T Tv TOT F Tv F F F veTl| F F F F Teele F F F FTT | F FE T F FORT F F F F peel & £ FE FE > Logically equivelent Edi dong) vr oe p ACqv 1) P tT TT T OTE TORT TRF eoTT - TF PORE FORT 39-48 npapy tas g r| prq |r Agq)yr qve paCqur) T T 7A + Tv A494 4 arp APAT an rnDrnapprns “Topic o> Osnditimal cledemens (p5g) pe byptics q conclusion All for rs sxmpt for Aypota se & 7, Genchsco & mast be gil wi Te The conch hora op 9 by p ib TE ptang’ or" p inplas 9” ib dened pq. pb hu poss Cankeackat) , gt conclusion (cmnsequant) A cectional saleront thot © true. by utture of the ack Hiab ds hypstiosss & fale ts open called yoCucisty tue or fou ay aout Tra table foo pu mg = wp pa | eq p veg =p | op vg = T T - Tv L F F Tv F E T v T E Tv T F F Ee Ee v T T T fab pvq PFs Cpr) ACqar) > g clp>r gor pvalpyvqaer Gen AG. rT ott] r a T T T OF F FE T F FE TO FT T T T T T Tee] ee Ff T Gi F eT 1 T T T T T FTe T F Tv F F FET T T F T T ere + OT E TT hae fic ee ft valet 4 , Co thay are lrafcally, equivalad LA Rewrite in gf =the Jom P ond +9 Biker ax gk Fe wah on tina. of for we. fed AP gow dod get to = okmee Fier you are. ied pege py |g ee «(psq) z pang fo. regain 4 VAL Ore regattons ose ay 5 “Tp Rong” & Jesclhaquivaled -b ‘pa uctg” EES ce oa) pend ~C) A v4 PoA G wi § Deny Car ie wh tha repair chp, how Dcanneit at foclane Tp Gra Dey Alors. fon eho Ruecnn Gree by Be cor teat in Ra. repair oss Dacan get fo dens deesh t Pvc in fMfons b he ceegn'e The. cantropost hve pg Ie my —~p Prosadivncl cteemant is logically aqiivoleet tb de cako-postiive, LAG [pthy Tho conbeterttive u & Th toward can gwim acres tho lake, Hen H cau exon +> the ieboud 5, hdey i foster, for tomorrow & Morag o% lp H canef rustre .-- , Ron he conver op P29 & Gop The tart of p7q& pm [Link] Voktig tha Convert & Invest 6 SH can ewin ---, Gon tH cn qouin b, og today u% Larkr, fen to. Q. Gawert ag TY Hew ssi + jhe tsland , tan sins Orcrons... Laverty Covert: 6; Ef tomenrao fe Marday, fan todas & a. ft Hoan By trelay 6 woh b Fcncliting| ycdement 9 its convert ore wot Ingicatly equivalent ok v inverb ‘ 5, The cavers de the. invert a & Conditroral Gelemant are. begiedly ogpivalent fo god cfu ea (, wert onl i > i Mew LLB Convery ae et don wil Or prea Po. warlds tacord por tha. milo. tn oly a Ve runs Ho mile tr undor tin Ths deosn th run = Phe voll breck if tf hr bade. fucho Pur fe wile --- Tod foble for por 4 he bicardi hima! p Bq fe "pep j won| jig’ Lis denckd peaq op peg haa. fone. dR valuoc & fake if pea hovecPesle Fu value th only if Cueh iio, ablresioted ‘fe = E F vT Order Operations bar leqeal Operators 4 U0 & fms qin hav 8 At at thon belly are prasad , parentheses neg te aeoded 4 20 > ce Erclutle +2 2”. we pgs Cp 4) A Gp) | pq q p| peg boqa Gay bP 4 = | TOT Tv T T vor é T e € eT T b & & er] oT T T T LAG. Thc Corp program & vorract if , tony if jit produces caret eave fey ol! possible cats 4 waPat Ache. tt fe vow ie ..- ) ye OTe Boa! fan “ih precusos -y - ) Pi a afford omcikin fers repre! then s” rk a netessary conditin far mans “frat een rote! agi! Caner a “sufficient Condition to if — Mae Fost D A fin 8. Dials birth on US Gil x Osautfecoub onbitengor forbs be ow US coffe oll 2. der Ris bey presi Dia'c 2 y thin he ew US C2 Wiggers. vend = Sp thane Groge % ottain 44 age BC gv nakessary omd Chon a. The US if Gustge lis not Ataing the nt prose Gasgpe WE president tee has it cogre. aS pr eed. ---) ee FA ADC. Negeshions, je pq c. Df te. Sin peor, gr atermratty fen r sel p> @Q = A? The. docinal Lnponyion of rar. £ faut pba ao» Ip wa ware Ran Pid a pedal ob a cnate Pans % Th nv prime Mo 1% woddor wwe a Ws prise wk vel odd or Se not 2 & 34 Tow os Ann's okie ¥26 Tr ded PV A >" pig | eg 9p ~pv4| vpvq = 0g TOOT e e T e T OF Tv e F T F T F T T F F Ee T Yr T T PA wg> e > g r ~G para | paws =H T ot CT) fe EF Tr TO OT OF F F t tT FF T| TT T T T F FIT v F E TOT & & T FoT F |e F T FOF T Tv E T roe Ft F r pastas qver Pg _c| wr parr gur | pAct es gar TUT] F Tv FE TO TFL T T T rTET)F F T F tT FR UT 1 - E err fF E T Fr FTF IT F T E FOFT UF e T F FOFR|T F - r Tope &: Nlalid 2 folic Peguevents Pojumont KA seguene ef dobements 2A Prayer gq mopar hop or premises Condusion ‘ cones 4 r fer q ee pac| Sqr gap "pa? Tat|e T Tv ort T TOT FT T Ee T z Toetle F r + 2 ole TE EIT F FE | @ eT T e vt F rT F FTF T v EF T FE FeT Ee Fe e TO T PER LT r FE _ 1 i» coled “a Gfloginn The 4 Tin atgnnent from esitichy 3 dio promices 2 a concluoior II & XS promises ote called the for promig® b minoe premise. The mal Pawous form af ay ‘om in lojie & called mecdus porens, a then q 12 Q neds tolens 1f p then 4a ~¢G “ep 254 Recegnit Modus Donon, £ Modus Tilo a Te ure ore mare Pageons than Pore are pagernlarles fhon at Rod oh pigeons woot wh he gence b of.3.4 Specialivectin shore are more. Pigeons thee Bore. are gigeorkstes J Pt hat _ » Uodun Pe nant TY gd, LL & dusible by 6, Bel WW adirsible bag 3 YTO ILA not divsble by 3 FO, Gy ww un HG Madwa dollens 3.34. a, P be, @ pva Gen trartizet va | Anton. @ janmor Proto & Oo janter er Alm wy asenism P Aq 5. p Aq “- ?—p “q Ann Ensws — rurmerical analy ns z Ann know pr aber Go pocteslar >) Alon Ents graph, ol gsithans a, 55, Eli anedt, PYG Pv4 a4 wp “p “4 LB-b. 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IE Y dues sdves RA proton, cxsrectly sfun Tle chang the amuer2 Tole lan Ga. anwar fo pa 2 Ode ces Bit 9 9.95 PAG roel numer rabid on vinivbol eva Ts re wek eadintal, ~P irradi 4 ug ts fy Ro mavias. Lwonlt vide re hone, ALT dt ride “A ramones TP Won't do uselb on eam tnt “th T go w=) Lworlt dowel 2. Pp? 4 —> Converse enor > Fiminedton qor Worsihivisy “pot lb. MA. Sf Ahi yaar >A, fon I equate ny >4 hs nwt DZ pa BS equore wk ~P Anveree erro ‘Te 4. Prdicokes 4 Quonhfiad! Gobrok 4 Predicates v quol fed Sederrenk 2 BAL Finddy eR values of Pedicle tet PG) be the pmdicate® "ye >x" w domain Re wt of R gall ral mans, Wele PC ,0(4) 4S) & iclenk obich of am Kye [pole HM) 2 rk o Ab tae rcp Mh? Van Falco. 0A) Wy>-B Tow che tubs eal dened Fred |Pak 34d Fy tnd ect gia Rrdicate lat GS bes prideck %y @ a packer of 8”. Pisa! dB seh a4 the. domain pn a Poet 27 @ all © iibgers , 4 t « ifegers a, fact 4 @ ho vue set $184 @ inlegers b, truth sok 2 EA) £2) 44, 08) he. averse Quant fers vo “or all” LLG Tree dakehy cf Universal Cheats a (eY D= $48,454 & csnsiclor vee dD PEK tA* 54 ahr 48°72 nam >4q ast>s Ste D yee 72" ve aw b +n eR , tox thd coptlerescaample ef Fh stone. {tne FB, an" & fake The Pxteferdral Quontifer : J =" tare exef® ap ePanch fal 96 aduder a Mit 4 Tahs faked op Bri gnticl Yobemod “ Im ES" sadh Mot mm See Bok far m= es ak thence. , “Fin Et guch that noe “ee tne. b ld ELLS,6 494 dme Bach bob non Sogo CEL Aa? ie ae lnc “dm EL wach Ral mag" & ike 1 vy 4 ic Cc. _. Prtor f 5. . aly dim ford > Erforro lenpege Fen fool number hat WOH gach. Shue Ld, Ek, pe 4rd All teal numbers have squale. Bot nob = 1 oy dm & 2 ach hot tem There. are. Sne © infeger equal their ane squomes L1G. Traliy Quod 2% For dug ineger n , ha & glen oft @ Quen dec an nw b There mciets ot Bod A tral under 2 such ets? £05 tL O ft save reed munber a BLA. Dnfermeal —» formed a, Al Biondo have Sticke 5 No ange lease. Wing Soe Pregraves are. tructeed 4 # Kloet, + hos 3 cles » iF 4, det nie wigs D8 fle-cot gt alls) G4Ipe P, p& Hicks vert Condifimal stotenad th, it Pe) Ran OG) BI, Rearile tre Rf 15.2 Kon xh ry wWonaie Ral muber LIS >of US spare KD Bd. or Pw real member Ys on infeger fhonit a ga ved onel timber free 1€4 Ren re @ b, fll bytes haw ¥& bd co, No fra Sucks are gras b, +a, dees ies pelos elds 6 He te apre ind, a wl often Equvaled Forms 4 Universal 2 Eoastenbiel tech entk 4 PES Ud PC) Ren BG) fewer py & D, QD by nettongy te be [Link] D consiety 4 all hes oi tarialles GZ teat moke PC) Hae feotiten a Ut) ite aD Kan QCe) LLIO. FH, FL wm @ Squcte ag x Pea U aquaterce RE 1 rec las BA There a aan ke thot & LAR pine geen” Primal "ye pine” Eyeln) “nis even cy In guch thot Aime Cr) A LvenCn) 5, Fal itaber on mde that Prime.) On ORp tt “ EuenGr) Spnphext Quat; Cod The netedim PCD @GD » avany rlenadts vin hadnt Sch PADS ty Ro tuth seb 4 Q& 1H /squicxdently ae, Ro) >) G)@ QE), P&) 1 6G) hove Idokeal tlh sels, or ogo eat (4 tn Pa) a QQ) 9 “, DAI. Usiy D&O (ok acd be “nw ofocte 25 & Dapyose dlomain Je RO) ea Wig atacragt” &* GW) ba ne ny 3” Aewh set > & 448,48 nt ao he ‘ AL Ff ! Un xe, KOK) RG) 2 AM) The truth sch of Sa) mw $1842 idonkad ts KCal’s ttn i Hw 2", RGD SO) Rn Zp 2G) ov tn ig we, CAI > OH) So) 2 QQ) Tarski S Weld 2.113. Siig Pasks'= wrrlel BREDA — +Hleaskellall players x, in fed Ca fvery bokebball ph 4 dell © A(peepla who ore. I pleupss ote tall 4 Boreyone. whois a lethettedl plage & atell person Zile. a, All dinsaus ae. atinct 4h dnesaur 2, 2 i6 2e7tincd & frery reel nunber BOD C9 ,08 © ral x), L& t,— 0 O 6) No tration! numer are ‘uskgers Goo we Kh te degen ay bg « a Me ion ee Pop egy oy The Crvanbee S143 SB, OSS Vequare oy army integer ot indeger = , wep t teal nunby 2, ef 4 dif wk W Ge yin Sate. K aden ee de, square o an Untrger 1 2v0n , Hhah thal Bik.g er OntulenMade 4, Topic Si Padicale 2 Cuodiséed Cate mah 1 Megetions 4 quarkiged Slekemeuk, Pegeans of wsibesad Pedemad- ah uD, QD) & lesicaly equiverlent dum Dac that nC) oly ED, @e)) = FLED suck Rat ~» Oe) Pagations ¢ exikential edement or ed Gach at @G)) = tre Dd, AG) SIA ce, TO primes p pisodd cape OY prin b ps odd) = Spine 2) pe wast ad J etricnle T cobh thd the wm of Onfosa = IRS “ca. = 4 Frage, +t £ 200° ai Bld Mere tne Nopeliciavs are honest A pcliciws 4, # ig not bomast wee os des ett Some policions are kanest 3,0.% informed pagedines ay All com um finite. L a Teper a over €O G to wher 49S & vad beg feme. & bdbreen | BH 2 Gone wherfroctans ate. aafihirt 2 Saree bo u ar ZtD, Gb nuder 1, BSF wl dual by ag ” Negation Univebal Concitrmal Fatemeids oC tx, PG)» QC)) = dx ubh Rt 6) a6) 2 (PG) SOD) = pa) A ~ AG ? 2 voix PCe) > Ge) = dx sucldbt CG) AvQs) 3.2.44. formal hagetions for a, infernal focb “4 psople a bend thon p has flue. eues ; OW pepe h ce Ja PW Bat pena be tail. by comp paran hes mse Bow (6d, 650 lina Mon 'hemb’.. These ore cnn comp pr bas claws wnt nb alg The Relation omeny Harney aha, 25 ont an ed, @C) Qk) AAG) A. ACen) Bx: Wh Oe) be “wear” 4 D290 44 ae =D, AG) 7 Bray digte Fy Kt ak Carlee rowiiti ECO) A QC) er Debye, ea deed fed SG) Bly) V OG) Vi VeCe,) fe: @C) “arnee’ D afo4 tn ED such hab BY da bingy dig x suc habe tx =a. al) VAX) VYacusus Truth Uni versal Gbtemoiks . tie nD) & IG) then Qu) & called yoacusus tr or tre by Ag fasnlt qe only do 9) & fale. Por oxnry zxuwD BLS, [Link] p oonsert p-Inde @ a Universal Cardittnd efedemant Tha real waber 2 > thaw 2, than its square rd Coy Arexpoxitive Forel tHER) Yr SF Her ner Cmmet dre®, d EP e bo 222 Snvet . KER, HRA 2 Paw wet FLED Gf Ky) then aS) = 4zED, © OG) fin PH) Necessary & Sufticsen condisfins, uly “ef a Equase ness Aw Sufficiont condi tin, far [Link] b, Be ab least 35 youre old te anacessary contin, fv by Pasdut a ke Ws a, dL, 4 Lik w square thot BiB Tact. Te LS & square, ie mabe # h, APpenke x, Yne 63s hen ne comnastbe ... Se Vpoofe 1, Lis Pmacded » % wapel Leah 3.2.7, Orky op B product aq DP nnbirs a Ooly 4 1g bende iO ee ha peda | fame ¥2% EF real ralrbecs 7) Riaz A Hawn x7O dated mborrplbrfad wz] 2 x20 RSG PLER. 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Anfermal > formeh te ei prorcal qe tral maniber a 6 a pool bbe b dk oF ab = 4 a, Evy oomere pal rerloer has a Maciprocal b, there Boa pel anlar Ws no feciprocah a, Ht npwrero fea) wnher xe , do trek ober cach Hedray sb b, Ta teal muber gp rch thal 4 mal ther 4 wot Rot ay Formed logical Motion a, forall uch a@ ye a aleve f $ fam & a aqua mick Rab no blade For all circ w, tome aa epee cadh Rol Ley fale ome. coer go. 4 oe Fe 7 eee pale Batok ecftee, ont 4 te, (crdiGl> Pboe Cy, 1) oft Corde > Aloe. wo) = de (ordi) Avphove Gf) = 8x» (rks) sting) b dy Cyquarela) A Beck &)) eM Ant o “ = tee (agence) A thck Gd) = x (oquact ey) vw bhek@)) owe Corea (> ACapeeeG) A Seualr Cyy))) tim oles : ) 2 Gx Card G) > dy Ceca) A guettlur Cg) 2 dx (crcbsle) A°GZ won dy [Link]) A ty (eo Spare rosin (us) A, Ba (operat a tyCHtofe) 2° RSOKC x,y) egehion . off 1 (aque Qa Bde) > Rahat Gy))) = Hy ( squareQe) -- 2 — = also) V bly lta —~) = #4 Csquoretn) Vv yeC--- > = $e CopanG) Vv 4 (hing fy) A iit Of Gg) «£30 scribe Ra) Scnbbéh ob) Hoke C, dan aninal Nod tra A a color C { ore color, Sone Aa Lan onl siecle To em tnimal A Dos Goler for gene. caloe, Hap onrivead Gor wler “fly sb ected te ryp lee Nee etd mle, PEE ORES Fhe ned $3 hed Br Sow oo porch Bol y= ae “ara ce ge AIS “econ n= ob 4 An pad Ru VEO) ep 2k od L2G, Pamel munber n sack fol AE Ceol nunbbere y Yu 20 Eng numbers & We caus fina! feo mumber u guch tat upe Pore oyeak murtbor whese prduc with stp al Yoder a(freal nunker vs suds trad veal nb o , a) 2 ttrne 5 Fo Guhl yo to Toe Pipwess © Chadd Sabra Uivoreal Modus Porars Formed Aypera) Ye, if PG fin AG) fp pe rekes PCc) tua for ye mabey . CXC) true. 0) fe particular a, opal, OG) ta My - Ql) 2 makes Qu) tue Univarsal Modus Tellers Formal Lifrmal fe $y) Tin Qs) Y eptabes Por) tue, (far 1 males 2yin0. QU) fs Pattcula on & not males OO) tue opts) 2 a dows pot PCa) jut Comveree Ere CR antfad Form) Forma) ! Tagore yt 2G) bmw A) bakes Po) dus.» (foe males Bla) i ° pebioday Ge mode, Ole) frat. PG) 2 invecbd cadubion 7 mohg PCD tee Tavurse Error C Ouarlgead ptm) Formal £ "Tnvel rat Por) thm fre) Tp x mal Py de Can rmalaD add » FI a b. coos PG) trea 1 a hed oo ons eo nes GD fe Oo y £ 6.54% All bool people. aat an apple a dy Cidia 20k am apple o day. - Petha & 2 boalby perton Yr, ¢ Cr) Pe OH) Ponte err 5 ) for a parteular ¢ Cael . ty ¥. All Fresno must dole woes Caroline 0 Pens Uwe) Mode pans . oe a take wei : of avian Tn a, Pll hoc eat On pple Spsebicd : tal 2 wt o bral =~ ot Dyers. oreo lo, 4 a Foy ob mnbery i OFM least toy tha miss sO for pot or mule , yaiRur Git!) net @- 7) equals © 1 Te produd Crt) Cr) Anat © trey PC) Ren Qt) Vader sal Mocs a, bb are petiatlar 2 26) f Agi Le P(e) jeg I All dwaders sit ih fa bade 2G) Lancy ts adpe loch md iz foe Kowky ha cheokr 1 PG) The lb, Dy we number Quen 7 Ron cwice Rieb munber % over The wre On He , Heudor rb Bo perkeoe * eA ee 2G) 3 @G) come — a) Dosedid