Chapter 2 -Python Fundamentals-Module-III

Module III- Variables and Assignments, Simple Input and Output

Variable:
A names labels, whose values can be used and processed during program run, are
called variables. Also called as symbolic variables.
Marks=90

Creating a variable
Python assign value of desired type to them, for example:
To create a numeric variable assign numeric value etc.

Student=’ABC’
Rno=12
Python internally create labels referring to these values.

bal=2345.56
train_no=’A-N098’

Variable are not storage containers in Python. Most programming languages create
variables as storage containers.
age=9
age=20
Value 9 is assigned to variable age and then value 20 is assigned to it.

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Thus variable in python does not have fixed locations unlike other programming
language. The location they refer to changes every time their values change.

Lvalues and Rvalues

lvalue: Expression that comes on the lhs(left hand side) of an assignment. Lvalues are
the objects to which you can assign values.
rvalue: are the literals and expressions that are assigned to lvalues. Rvalues comes on
the rhs(right hand side) of an assignment.
a=10
b=20
but this is wrong:
100=a
20=b

The literal or the expressions that evaluate a value can’t come on lhs of an assignment
hence they are rvalues but variable names can come on lhs of an assignment , they are
lvalues.

Multiple assignment:
1. Assigning same value to multiple variables
a=b=c=10

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 Assigning same value to multiple variables in a single statement.

2. Assigning multiple values to multiple variables

x,y,z=10,20,30

It will assign the values orderwise. This style of assigning value is very compact
and useful.
For example:
x,y=25,50
print(x,y)
It will print the result as:
25 50

If you want to swap values of x and y:

x,y=y,x
print(x,y)
Now the result will be:

50 25

While assigning values through multiple assignments, Python first evaluates the RHS
and then LHS.
For Example:

a, b, c = 5,10, 7 # statement 1
b, c, a=a+1, b+2, c-1 # statement 2
print(a,b,c) #statement 3

Statement 1 assigns 5,10, 7 to a, b, c respectively.

Statemnt 2 will first evaluate RHS as a+1, b+2, c-1.
5+1, 10+2, 7-1=6, 12, 6
Then it will make the statement:
b,c,a=6,12,6

Thus b=6 , c=12 and a=6

Statemnt 3 will print :

6,6,12

Find out the output:

p,q=3 ,5
q, r=p-2, p+2
print(p,q,r)
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Example to evaluate from RHS and LHS
x=10
y,y=x + 2, x + 5
will evaluate to following(after the RHS of = operator)
y, y= 12, 15
Firstly assign first RHS to first LHS
Y=12

Y=15

Find out the output:

x,x= 20, 30
y, y= x+ 10, x+ 20
print(x,y)

Output: 30 50
a,a=5,15

Variable Definition:
Variable is a name given to a memory location. A variable can consider as a
container which holds value.
Python is a type infer language (automatic detection of the type of an expression in a
formal language) that means you don't need to specify the datatype of variable.
Python automatically get variable datatype depending upon the value assigned to
the variable.
Assigning Values To Variable:
name = ‘python' # String Data Type
sum = None # a variable without value
a = 23 # Integer
b = 6.2 # Float
sum = a + b
print(sum)

Note: A variable in python is defined only when you assign some value to it. Using an
undefined variable in an expression /statement causes an error called NameError.-
Name <’variable’> not defined
Like:
print(x)
x=20
print(x)
To correct the above code, we can type:

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X=0
print(x)
X=20
print(x)

Dynamic typing

A variable pointing to a value of a certain type, can be made to point to a value /

object of different type. This is called Dynamic Typing.
Data type of a variable depend/change upon the value assigned to a variable on each
next statement.

X = 25 # integer type
print(x)
X = “python” # x variable data type change to string on just next line
print(x)

Now programmer should be aware that not to write like this:

CAUTION WITH DYNAMIC TYPING

Y = X / 5 # error !! String cannot be divided.

Dynamic typing is different from static typing ,in static typing a data type is attached
with a variable when it is defined first and it is fixed. That is data type of a variable can
not be changed in static typing whereas there is no such restriction in dynamic typing .
float x;

If you want to determine the type of a variable and what type of value does it point to?
Use type(<<var.name>> )
For Example:

a=20
type(a)
<class ‘int’>
a=20.5
type(b)
<class ‘float’>
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a=’hello’
<class’str’>

Simple Input and Output statement:

To get input from user interactively you can use built in function input ( ).
Syntax is:
<variable to hold the value>=input(<prompt to be displayed>)

Nam1=input(“what is your name”)

Note: The input () function always return a value of string type.

So:
Name=input(“Enter your name:- “)
age=input(“Enter your age ? ”)

Output:
Enter your age ? 10
age
‘10’
type(age)
str

age+1
will give an error ,because you can not add .

This type of error is called TypeError.

Reading numbers:
age=(“enter age?”)
age=int( age)
enter age? 16

age+ 2
18
Check by typing:
type(age)
int

marks=float (marks)

per=float(“enter your percentage”)

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Possible Errors when reading numeric values
age=int(input(“enter your age”))
17.5

Output through print statement

print(“I\’m”, 12+5,”years old”)

If explicitly give an end argument with a print( ) function then the print( ) print the line
and end with the string specified with the end argument.

For Example:
print(“ Class XI IP”, end=’#’)
print(“Delhi Public School”)

Will print the output as:

Class XI IP #Delhi Public School

Find out the output:

a,b= 20,30
print(“a =”,a, end=’ ‘)
print(“b =”,b)
Output will be:
a=20 b=30 the space between 20 and b is because end=’ ‘

Q.
name1=’ABCD’
print(“Hello’”, end=’ ‘)
print(name)
print(“hope you are liking python”)

Output:
Hello ABCD
hope you are liking python

In python any statement can break by putting a \ at the end and pressing enter key.
print(“hello”,\
end=’ ‘) The backslash at the end means that
the statement is still continuing

Assignment Questions:
1. What are variables? How are they important for a program?

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2.What do you understand by undefined variable in Python?

3.What is Dynamic Typing feature of Python ?

4.What would the following code do :

X= Y= 7 ?

5.What is the error in following code:

X, Y = 7?

6. Following variable definition is creating problem X = 0281 , find reasons.

7."Comments are useful and easy way to enhance readability and understandability of a
program.” Elaborate with examples.

8.Write a program that display a Quote, but display the main line only when the user
presses enter key .

9.Write a program to read today `s date from user. Then display how many days are
left in the current month .

10.Write a program that generates the following out put:

5
10
9
11.Assign value 5 to a variable using assignment operator (=) multiply it with 2 to
generate 10 and subtract 1 to generate 9.

12.Modify the above program so as to print output as 5@10@9.

13.Write the program with a maximum three line of code and that assign first five
multiples of number to 5 variable and then` print them .

14.Write the python program that accept radius of a circle and print its area .

15.Write the python program that accept marks in 5 subjects and output average marks.

16.Write a short program that asks for your height in centimeter and then converts your
height in feet and inches.(1 foot = 12 inches , 1 inch = 2.54 cm).

17.Write a program to read a number n and print n2 , n3 and n4 .

18.Write a program to find the area of triangle .

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19.Write a program to compute simple interest and compound interest .

20.Write a program to input a number and print its first five multiples .

21.Write a program to read details like name class age of student and then print the
details firstly in same line and then in separate line .
Make sure to have two blank lines in these two different types of prints .

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