Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
Disaster Management
Question and Answer
Question 1:
Complete the table.
(Motor accident, land sliding, forest fire, theft, riot, war, epidemic, drought, locust
attack, financial crisis, flood, famine)
Disaster Symptoms Effects Remedy
ANSWER:
Disaster Symptoms Effects Remedy
Following
traffic
Rash driving, drink
Motor Loss of life, loss rules,
and drive, ignorance
accident of property avoid
to safety rules
driving if
tipsy
Give help
to clear
New cracks or bulges Loss of property,
debris, call
Land in the ground, street or loss of life,
ambulance
sliding sidewalks, sunken adverse impact
to send
road beds on environment
victims to
hospitals
Call fire
brigade,
Lightning, human Impact on give first
Forest activities involving environment, aid to
fire smoke and fire near loss of lives of animals
forests areas animals which
survived
the burns
Informing
Sheer carelessness police,
Tension and
Theft towards property and giving
loss of property
wealth emotional
support
Give
shelter to
innocent
Opinion differences, Loss of life and victims,
Riot
political influence property provide
food and
clothing
and first-
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
aid to the
victims
Give
shelter to
innocent
Loss of life and victims,
Transgressing, opinion
property, Impact provide
War differences between
on the country food,
countries
and its economy clothing
and first-
aid to the
victims
Give
proper
Loss of life, medication
Spreading of viruses health risks, to people,
Epidemic
from different animals impact on preparing
environment antidotes
against
epidemic
Donate
food and
water for
victims,
No rainfall for long Food and water
Drought provide
duration crisis, loss of life
shelter
and
monetary
help
Leaf distortion,
Crop
Locust chlorosis, yellow to Spraying
destruction,
attack brown spots, pesticides
scarcity in food
premature leaf drop
Giving
support to
friends
and family,
Impact on the
asking
Bankrupt, loss in country and its
Financial support
business or services in economy,
crisis from other
individual case impact on
countries
individual
when
crises
happens in
a country
Health risks, Donate
loss of food and
Cloudburst, heavy
Flood property, food clothing for
rainfall
and water crisis, flood
loss of life victims,
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
stay at
some
height if
possible
Donate
food and
Food and water water for
crisis, victims,
Famine Heavy rainfall, drought displacement of provide
people, loss of shelter
life and
monetary
help
Question 2:
Write notes.
a. Disaster management Authority
b. Nature of disaster management
c. Mock drill
d. Disaster Management Act, 2005
ANSWER:
a. Disaster Management Authority has the responsibility of making the policies, plans
and guidelines for disaster management to ensure timely and effective response to
disasters. This authority has been established at the level of government. Following
flow chart indicates the function of control and coordination under the disaster
management from national to village level. Disaster Management Act, 2005 has
been passed in our country.
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
b. Disaster management is the strategy and course of action to be executed at the
time of any such disaster to save as much life as possible. It can be divided into two
parts:
Pre-disaster Management:
Pre-disaster management phase is concerned with the complete preparation and
planning in order to enable us to face any kind of situation.
• The first step includes identifying the pro-disaster areas.
• The second step includes collecting information about intensity of disaster and
probable sites of disasters using predictive intensity maps and hazard maps.
• Next step is to get training for disaster management.
• Another important aspect of pre-disaster management is spreading
awareness among the common people through various awareness
programmes.
Post-disaster Management:
Post-disaster management is concerned with the situation that arise after a disaster
has occurred. It includes the following components:
• The primary concern is to provide help to victims preferably with the
participation of local people.
• Establishment of help centres to provide all kind of possible help required by
the people.
• Categorisation of help materials that are received from the help centres and
distributing them efficiently to the people affected by the disaster.
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c. Mock drills are a way of checking the preparedness of facing a disaster. During
mock drills, an apparent situation is created to check the reaction time and the type
of response.
Mock drills are carried out in schools, offices, public places, etc. for situations like fire
accidents, terrorist attack, etc.
d. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 28
November, and by the Lok Sabha on 12 December 2005. It received the approval
from the President of India on 9 January 2006. This act has 11 chapters and 79
sections. The act extends to the whole of India. This act called for the formation of
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) with prime minister of India as its
chair person. The Act under Section 8 encouraged the central government to
constitute a National Executive Committee (NEC) to assist the National Authority. All
State Governments are mandated under Section 14 of the act to establish a State
Disaster Management Authority (SDMA). Section 42 of the act calls for establishing
a National Institute of Disaster Management.
Question 3:
Answer the following questions.
a. Explain the role of district disaster control unit after occurrence of any disaster.
b. Give the reasons for increase in human disasters after the World War-II.
c. Which are the objectives of disaster management?
d. Why is it essential to get the training of first aid?
e. Which different methods are used for transportation of patients? Why?
ANSWER:
a. District control unit is formed either after the impact of disaster or getting intimation
about it. It analyse about various aspects of disaster, keeps continuous contact with
various agencies like army, air force, navy, telecommunication department,
paramilitary forces, etc. for getting help. It is also responsible for coordinating with
various voluntary organizations for their help in disaster management.
b. After World War-II, there has been a vast advancement in technology. This has
led to tremendous increase in human disasters. For example, the advancement in
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
nuclear energy field has led to setting up of various nuclear power plants. The
radiations via these power plants are affecting the environment as well as living
beings. Also, the set up of various oil factories near the seas are affecting aquatic
life. After the World War-II, the number in motor vehicles have increased
exponentially. Due to this, motor accidents have become very frequent these days.
Other reasons of increasing human disasters are oil spills, nuclear meltdown,
terrorism, biological warfare, etc.
c. The objectives of disaster management are as follows:
• Improving tolerance
• Preventing losses and dangers
• Providing relief to the affected people
• Preparing for actions to be taken at the time of disaster
• Assessing the damage caused
• Arrangement of rescue for the affected
• Rehabilitation and rebuilding the affected area
d. It is essential to get the training of first aid because of the following reasons:
• It enables the person to use appropriate precautionary methods to save
lives during emergency.
• It enables the person to give primary help and medications to victims before
actual medication.
• It enables the person to prevent further damage to victims.
• It enables the person to be relaxed and calm during critical situations.
• It enables the person to give comfort and care to the victim
e. In emergency condition, different methods are used for transportation of
patients. The methods to be adopted depends on the condition of the patient.
Following are the various condition to be adopted while transporting patients:
• Cradle method: useful for children and under-weight victims
• Carrying piggy back: useful for carrying patients who are unconscious
• Carrying on two hands chair: useful for those patients who cannot use their
hands but can hold their body upright
• Pulling or lifting method: useful for carrying an unconscious patient through
a short distance
• Carrying on four-hand chair: useful when support is needed for the part
below the waist
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
Question 5:
Write down the reasons, effects and remedial measures taken for any two disasters
experienced by you.
ANSWER:
Note: The disaster experienced can vary from person to person.
Two disasters experienced are:
(i) Motor accident:
• Reason: rash driving and ignorance to safety rules
• Effects: Injuries to oneself and family as well as damage to property.
• Remedial measures: Giving emotional support to victims, calling ambulance
and taking the victims to hospital
(ii) Theft:
• Reason: sheer carelessness towards property and wealth
• Effects: loss of life and property
• Remedial measures: Giving emotional support to victims, calling police to
register the case
Question 6:
Which different aspects of disaster management would you check for your school?
Why?
ANSWER:
Following are the main aspects of disaster management:
Preparation: A plan is created to minimise the damage if a disaster occurs.
Redemption: It is the plan to minimise the damage to the society and country.
Preparedness: A plan is chalked out to get quick response from public and
administration.
Impact of disaster: Intensity of disaster and disaster management are reviewed.
Response: This stage deals with providing immediate response after an incident has
occurred.
Resurgence: It is an important link between emergency measures and national
progress. It includes the steps which are required for the welfare and rehabilitation of
the nation.
Restoration: It is an important link between measures after disaster and national
development. It includes steps useful for progress of
nation and rehabilitation.
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
Do a survey of your school and find out which aspects of disaster management are
needed to be checked for your school.
Question 7:
Identify the type of disaster.
a. Terrorism
b. Soil erosion
c. Hepatitis
d. Forest fire
e. Famine
f. Theft
ANSWER:
a. Terrorism: Man-made
b. Soil erosion: Man-made as well as natural
c. Hepatitis: Natural
d. Forest fire: Man-made as well as natural
e. Famine: Natural as well as man-made
f. Theft: Man-made
Question 8:
Some symbols are given below. Explain those symbols. Which disasters may occur
if those symbols are ignored?
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
ANSWER:
These symbols come under globally harmonised system (GHS) adopted by UN for
labelling and classification of chemicals.
(i) This symbol is used for hazardous products which causes less severe health
effects. This symbol indicates that the product has acute toxicity, can cause skin and
eye irritation, can be hazardous to ozone layer, can affect respiratory organs as well
as has narcotic effects. If this symbol is ignored, then health issues as mentioned
above can arise as well as can impact the environment.
(ii) These are used for products which have deathly effects on exposure to small
amount of it. This symbol indicates that the product has acute oral, dermal and
inhalation toxicity. It would prove fatal if the product with this symbol is swallowed or
inhaled.
(iii) This symbol is used to represent that the product is hazardous to aquatic life. If
these products are spilled in oceans or seas, then it can have fatal and long lasting
effects on aquatic organisms.
(iv) This symbol indicates that the product can cause serious health effects. The
product with this symbol can cause respiratory sensitivity, skin toxicity, germ cell
mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, aspiration hazard, specific target
organ toxicity after single exposure or repeated exposure.
(v) This symbol is used to indicate that the product is capable of corroding metals
and cause irritation to eyes and skin. The product with this symbol can also cause
severe burns to skin as well as damage the eye.
(vi) This symbol represents that the product is good oxidising liquids or solids. The
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
product having this symbol can cause fire or explosions or can even intensify fire.
(vii) This symbol represents flammable gases, aerosols, liquids and solids;
pyrophoric liquids, gases and solids, self-reactive substance or mixtures, organic
peroxides. The product having this symbol can cause fire on heating.
(viii) This symbol represents that the product is an unstable explosive or it is a self-
reactive substance or mixtures. This symbol is also placed on labels of organic
peroxides. The product having this symbol can cause explosions on heating.
(ix) This symbol is used to represent the hazard of gases under pressure such as
dissolved gas, liquefied gas, compresses gas or refrigerated liquefied gas. The
product having this symbol may explode on heating as well as may cause cryogenic
burns and injuries.
Question 9:
Explain that why is it said like that?
A] Mock drill is useful
B] Effective disaster management makes us well prepared for future.
ANSWER:
A. It is very correct to say that mock drills are very important and useful. These drills
should be conducted at every work places, schools, public places etc. These drills
ensure a way of checking the preparedness of facing a disaster. Through mock
drills,
• we can evaluate the response or reaction time to a disaster
• we can identify our own abilities
• coordination between various departments of disaster control can be
improved
• we can check the competency of the planned actions
• we can identify the possible errors and risks
B. We know that disasters are sudden and unplanned and thus can't be avoided in
most cases. But if effective disaster management is employed and exercised, then
we would certainly achieve the abilities to face the adverse effects of disasters.
Hence, through effective disaster management, we actually make ourselves
prepared for future. Through effective disaster management,
• we can supply essential commodities to the people after or before disaster
• we can arrange rescue for the affected
• we can rehabilitate and rebuild the affected area in short span of time
• we can minimise losses of life and property
• we can build tools to assess the damaged caused
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
Question 10:
Complete the following chart.
ANSWER:
Question 11:
Following are the pictures of some disasters. How will be your pre- and post-disaster
management in case you face any of those disasters?
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
ANSWER:
(a) Pre-disaster management:
• Avoid drinking cold water and eating ice-creams
Post-disaster management:
• Visit a doctor
• Take proper medication and rest
• Avoid going to public places
(b) Pre-disaster management:
• Discussing the problem with elders
• Trying to settle the dispute verbally
Post-disaster management:
• Identifying any serious injuries occurred to oneself or the counterpart. Getting
proper medication for the same
• Apologizing to each other
(c) Pre-disaster management:
• Keep an emergency kit. This kit should consist of portable lights, medicines
etc.
• Keep extra dry food and portable water
• Move to higher floors if possible
• Switch off all the electrical appliances
Post-disaster management:
• Avoid going to water flooded areas as there are chances of harmful insects
being present there
• Check for the casualties around
• Help the victims in need
(d) Pre-disaster management:
• Keep an emergency kit. This kit should consist of portable lights, medicines
etc.
• Keep extra dry food and portable water
• Move to locations which are less prone to cyclones
• Switch off all the electrical appliances
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Std : Xth SCIENCE -2
Post-disaster management:
• Clearing the debris left behind the cyclone
• Help the victims in need
• Check for the ruptures or cracks on the wall of house
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