APPENDIX— 1 ————E— STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES (SECTION : Ixy BEARINGS PART II: ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS ) 2011 — anae22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 2.8. IRC: 83 (Past) 2014 Scope ‘This part of the Specification (referred to as ‘Code’ hereinafter) applies to elastomeric bearings with or without complementary bearing devices to extend their field of use such as flat sliding elements Covered by relevant Pan, 2s used in bridge structures or any other structure with comparable support conditions. This part of Code apples to laminated bearings, larninated siding bearings, plain pas and strip bearings and does nol cover elastomeric bearings made with other elastomer materials than those specified in Clause 4.0. Tis par of Code applies to elastomeric bearings with dimensions in plan up to 1200 x 1200 mm for laminated bearings, plain pad bearing and width in plan up to 1200mm for strip bearing. The elastomeric bearings covered in this code can be used in conjunction with other bearing elements, as appropiate, as per other relevant parts of IRC: 83 as and when published. This part deats with bearings for use in operating temperatures ranging from -10 °C to + 60 °C. For locations where the minimum atmospheric temperature drops below 10°C for continuous periods of 24 hours oF more, the provision ofthis Code shall not apply. ‘Terminology Batch Individual mix or blend of mixes of elastomer, when used for bearing production of 3 number of identical components produced at the same machine setting Chioroprene Rubber (CR) {Also known 98 polychloroprene is @ polymerised form of the monomer chloroprene. Grystattisation ‘A phase change in elastomer (arrangement of previously disordered polymer segments of repeating Patterns into geometiic symmetry) promoted by very low temperature and marked by large and quick changes in hardness, sifness, shear modulus, etc, which are reversible Elastomeric bearing Bearing comprising a block of vuleanised elastomer that may be reinforced with one or more steel plates Engineer ‘The Engineer-in-Charge, responsible for the execution of the bridge project and so designaled in the contract or his authorized representative, Ethy! Propylene Dimonomer (EPDM ‘Isobutane Isoprene Copolymer (IIR) Chloro-Isoprene ‘Copolymer (CR) ‘Synthetic rubber like materials capable of being used in bridge bearings by the process of vulcanisation (not permitted by this Code) but have enjoyed limited use in various parts of the world, Inspector ‘Authorised representative of the engineer for acceptance testing of given lots of bearings at the manufacturers’ plant Laminate A layer of reinforcing material integrally bonded to elastomer during vulcanisation process, to restrain the lateral expansion of the elastomer.29. 2.10. 211 2.12. 2.13, 2.14. 34 eC: 83 (Pont 2041 Laminated bearing Elastomeric bearing reinforced internally with one or more steel plates, chemically bonded during vuleanisation Natural Rubber (NR) (Polyisoprene) ‘A polymer occurring naturally in the sap of certain plants, particulary Havea Brasiliensis Plain pad beating Elastomeric bearing consisting of a solid block of vulcanised elastomer without internal laminates or cavities Raw Elastomer Any member of a class of virgin polychloroprene (CR) capable of beirig vuléanised with compounds, that possesses rubber like-properties after vulcanisation, especially the ability to regain shape almost completely after large deformation ‘Shore Hardness ‘Mechanical property of a material which describes its resistance to indentation of a standard device (ie. durometer) and measured in degrees on several scales (LRM. Shore A, Shore B, etc.) Sliding plate . ‘Component which bears on and is immediately adjacent to the top sliding surface of a bearing. It can be: ~ a single piece of austenitic stee! - _atthin plate of austenitic stee! fixed to a mild stee! supporting plate si 1g elastomeric bearing Laminated bearing with @ PTFE sheet, at top surface, which may be vulcanised directly onto the outer layer of elastomer or fixed to a steel plate, in contact with a sliding plate: Strip bearing Plain pad bearing for which the length is at least ten times the width Notations Latin upper case letters A Overall plan area of elastomeric bearing . - rn? At Eteciveplon area of laminated bearing (are of he tel reinforcing pats). A Reduced effective plan area of elastomeric beating secre E, Apparent Compression stiffness of a bearing... Nien D Overall diameter of circular Beating cnn snnsinnnnannnsnneneAO > Etfectve diameter of circular laminated bearing (Diameter of steel reinforcing plate) mm E Modulus of elasticity. MPa 5 Buik modulus, sone s+. .Page 30f33 : vo = Q2-32, Fu Fy Fra Fye RO: 83 Part -2019 Horizontal forces Ne kN Horizontal design forces NekN Maximum resultant horizontal force obtained by vectorial adalion of v, and vy .N: KN Vertical design force NekN Nominal value of conventional shear modulus of elastomeric bearing, souk Friction factor Factor for induced tensile stresses in reinforcing plate Type loading factor Stress correction factor for the stee! reinforcing plates Rotation factor Factor for restoring moment Restoring moment due to rotation... o Nemm Design value of resistance Resultant of the forces resisting translatory movement, ‘Shape factor ‘Shape factor for the thickest layers Average Jotal initial thickness of bearing ignoring top and bottom covers, mm Total nominal thickness of bearing : mm ‘Total nominal thickness of elastomer mn The average total initial thickness of elastomer in shear, including the top and bottom covers when these are not restrained for shearing. Latin lower case letters mm ‘Overall width of bearing (shorter dimension of rectangular bearing). mm Effective-width of laminated besiing (width of the steel reinforcing plates)......mm (Overall length of a bearing (longer dimension of a rectangular bearing) mm. Effective length of a laminated bearing (length of the steel reinforcing platés) ....mmm Yield stress of steel - Nimm* Force free perimeter of elastomeric bearing Number of elastomer layers ‘Thickness of plain pad or strip bearing mn Effective thickness of elastomer in compression... se mm Thickness of an individual elastomer layer in a laminated bearing mm. ‘Thickness of PTFE sheet . sett ‘Thickness of stee! reinforcing plate mm ‘Thickness of outer stee! reinforcing plate mm Maximum horizontal relative displacement in direction of dimension a, men Maximum horizontal relative displacement in direction of dimension b. st Vertical movernentideflection, mm ‘Maximum resultant horizontal relative displacement obtained by vectorial adcition Ce a : mm +7 Page 40f33 ” — 23a-33, 34 35. IRC: 83 (Part) - 2011 Greek letters « Angular rotation of a bearing rad wy Angular rotation across width a ofa rectangular Beating oon rad % “Angular rotation across length bof a rectangular bearing rad ey Resultant angular rotation across width a and length b ofa rectangular bearing ..rad es Angular rotation across the diameter D of a circutar bearing rad Partial safety factor forthe resistance 5 Vertical deflection of individual elastomer ayer enon mm z ‘Sum of values fas Design strain in elastomeric bearing due to angular rotation fea Design strain in elastomeric bearing due to compressive loads a Design shear strain in elastomeric bearing due to translatory movements tia Total nominal design strain in elastomeric bearing a Compressive strain of a bearing be Friction coefficient for elastomer a Compressive stress sc MPa ©m ‘Average of the compressive stress, MPa x Shear stress. sos sess MPA Subscripts @ Design yn Dynamic k Characteristic max Maximum rnin Minionum t Tota! u At ultimate limit state test Test values For the purposes of this Standard, the following abbreviations apply. cR Polychloroprene Rubber NR Natural Rubber pphm Parts per hundred million by volume PTFE Polytetrafuoroethylene . sis Serviceability Limit State us Ultimate Limit State Materials Page 5 0133, — 24.at aaa AAS. 42. IRC: 83 (Part). 2018 Raw Material Chioroprene (CR) only shall be used in the manufacture of bearing, Grades of raw slastomer of proven use in elsstorneic earings, wih low erystalizaion rates and adequate sheiPlfe (e.g. Neoprene WRT, Neoprene W, Bayprene 110, Bayprene 210, Skyprene B-5, ‘Skyprene B30, Denka S-40V, Denka M-40) shall be used. No reclaimed rubber or vulcanised wasles or natural rubber shall be used. The polychloroprene content of the bearing shall not be lower than 60 per cent and the ash content shall not exceed 5%. Polychloroprene content shall be determined in accordance with ASTM-D297 and ash content as per IS: 3400-Part XX (Year 1984). EPDM and other similar candidate elastomers for bridge bearing use shall not be permitted, Tests for polymer identifcation through Pyrolysis test and confirmation about percentage of polymer content shall be carried out as per IS : 3400 (Part Xx) Properties: ‘The elastomer shall conform to all the properties specified in Table 1, TABLE 1: Properties of Elastomer Test method ‘Value ofthe Property characteristic specified 15’ specification Reference me - _ Ca 1. Physical properties 1.4 Hardness IRHD 5025 6045 7025 1S:3400(PartII) 1.2 Minimurn tensile strength ~ Moulded test piece MPa 17 47.4718: 3400 (Part ~Test piece from bearing 4 1414 1.3 Minimum elongation at break - Moulded test piece % 450 400-300. 1S: 3400 (Part) ~Test piece from bearing % «© 400 © 380-2501: 3400 (Part Il) 2, Maximum compression set (%) « Gatos 1-0) % 35 1S 3400 (Part X) 3. Accelerated aging (72h, 100 $°C) is {aximum change fam un- aged valve) 3400 (Part IV) 3.4. Maximum change in hardness IRHD 3.2 Maximurn change in % tensile strength 3.2 Maximum change in % elongation oe * Page 6 of 33 —as—A2d. 42.2. 423. 43. 4A, 48. BA. 52. 52.4 IRC: 88 (Part m)- 2011 Note: Generally, elastomer of hardness IRHD 60:5 are used for standard elastomeric bearings, Elastomer of hardness IRHD 5025 or 75 may be used depending upon the requirement and application, Shear modulus (G) is the apparent “conventional shear modulus’ of the elastomer bearing determine by tesing. At nowinal temperature of 23 °C + 2°C the vahe of G shall comply the values given in Table 2. TABLE 2: Shear Modulus at Nominal Temperature Hardness (IRHD) G (mPa) Tolerances of G (MPa) o. _ @ @ 5025 o7 $015 6025 09 £0.18 7025 415 £020 Note: For the purpose of design, value of G may be considered as given in Table 2 (without the tolerance) The adhesion strength of elastomer to steel plate determined according to IS: 3400 Part XIV method ‘A shall not be lesser than 7kNim, For elastomeric bearings (CR) used in adverse climatic conditions the following ozone resistance test shall be satisfied: The ozone resistance of elastomer shall be proved satisfactory when assessed by test According to IS: 3400 Part XX. The strain, temperature, duration and ozone concentration for the test shall be 30%, 40#1 °C, 96h and 100 pphm by’ volume. respectively. No cracking, detected by visual ‘observation at the end of the test shall be considered satisfactory. No specific test for assessment of low temperature resistance may be deemed necessary Note: For use of elastomer in extreme cold climates, special grade of low temperature resistant elastomer shall be used which are outside the purview of this Code. Laminates of mild steel conforming to 1S:°2062/ 1S: 1079 or equivalent intemational grade shall be Used. The yield stess of the material shall not be lesser than 250 MPa, Uses of any other materials like fibre-glass or similar fabric as laminates are not permitted for the purpose of this Code, ‘The raw material for PTFE sheet shall be pure polytetrafluoroethylene free sintered without regenerated materials or filers, The PTFE sheet may be with or without dimples depending upon the application. PTFE sheet shall conform to the requirement of relevant Patt covering sliding element Corrosion protection of exposed steel surfaces, if any, shall conform to the requirement of relevant Part covering corrosion protection of bearing plates, Design Elastomeric bearings shall be designed to meet the relevant provisions of this section at the serviceability mit state and ultimate limit state. The design shall be such that at the serviceability limit state bearings will not suffer damage that would affect their correct functioning, of incur excessive maintenance costs during their intended life. At the ultimate limit state the strength and stability of bearings shall be adequate to withstand the ultimate design loads and movements of the structure. Performance and durability of bearings designed according to this Code are based on the ‘assumption that tolerances given in clause 6 are complied with. Lamii ated bearings ‘Types of laminated bearings . : - : Page 7 of 33 —26—5.2.2. IRC. 83 (Part) 201% Bearing design shall be in accordance with one of the types or a combination of the types classified asin Table 3 Sizes and shapes of laminated bearings Bearing types shall be rectangular, stfuare or circular. A particular bearing shall be designed with intemal ubber layers ofthe same thickness between 8 mm and 20 mm each. Usage of intemal layer thickness uplo 25mm is permissible under special situations ‘Typical standard sizes for bearing type B are given in Appendix 2 as per international standard as well as R'20 series of 1S: 1076. : For laminated bearings it is permissible to reduce the loaded area, without changing the plan dimensions, by including holes of uniform section in the loaded area, ‘Minimum thickness of inner reinforcing plates shall be 2mm (provision of clause §.2.3.5 shall apply). Minimum thickness of thicker outer reinforcing plates, if provided, (Table 3, Type C, D. E, F, H & I) shall be 12mm for bearings having internal elastomer layer thickness less than equal to 8mm and minimum plate thickness shall be 16mm for thicker internal layer of elastomer. inimum thickness of top and bottom face-cover layer shall be 2.5mm and minimum thickness of side cover shall be 4mm, The symbols used in design rules are shown in Figure? ——— SSE EEEESSA SSS Sg HSS EES SERS SESE SEES SSS SRST ———— Figure 1 ~ Typical cross section of an elastomeric bearing type B 1) Type A’ Plain pad / Strip bearings f = Table 3 Types of elastomeric bearings 2 Page 8 of33 AHIRC: 83 (Paitw)- 2041 2) Type B: Laminated bearings 3) Type C: Laminated bearings with thicker end laminates ~ laminate may be on either side or on both side ~ ensures better oad distribution = ensures better rotation ~ back iting of bearing under shear may be avoided 4) Type D: Laminated bearings with thicker end laminates exposed: ~ Corrosion protection is required on exposed steel surface ~ May be useful for better frictional resistance at bearing structure interface ~ Friction, iftaken into account, should be based on tested and cortfied value ~ Useful for contact with steel structure 3. Type E: Bearings with separate steel plate drecly vwleanised with the bearing - lifing! separation of bearing elastomer at edges from ‘exposed steel plate should be avoided under all loading - 6) Type F: Bearings with positive anchorage: + Separate plates provide ease of replacement and fool-proot positive anchorage = Plates may be connected to covered / exposed end laminates + intemal fastening and positive means of location to be adequately designed 7) Type G: Bearings with PTFE bonded to the elastomer: ~ bond of elastomer to PTFE is critical and vulnerable 8) Type H: Bearings with sliding interface: ~ Refer relevant Part covering sliding element for design of sliding interface = Other end may be of any other option as above 9) Type I: Bearings with restraint against translation to simulate support condition 2) Typical detail of restraint in form of central pin ») Typical detail of side restraint. Restraints shall be designed based on relevant Part, or other relevant IRC code. Wilthttii et, | LTE PLETED ETE TTT LLL LLU | MWS TR S23. Basis of designa) » ° * IRC: 83 (Part th - 2011 ‘The design rules are based on the assumption that the elastomer is a viscoelastic material, the deflection of which under a compressive load is influenced by its shape. Reinforcing plates in the bearing shall be chemically bonded to the elastomer during vulcanisation to prevent any relative movement at the steel / elastomer interface. Unless otherwise specified design values stated in this code means values in ULS and are represented with subscript 'd' (See 3.4) in respective notation. For loads, load factors and load combinations IRC:6 shai be referred. Design calculation shall not be applied fo the external top and bottom face cover layer when thelr thickness is less or equal to 2,5 mm. Load and load combination shall be in accordance with the IRC 6. All designed bearings shall meet the requirements given hereafter: Maximum design strain ‘At any point in the bearing the sum of the strains (c,4) due to the design load effects (Ez) is given by the expression a= Ki (Cea a0 # Baa) oy where: fee __ is the design strain due to compressive design loads as defined in 5.2.3.2. qs is the design shear strain due to design translatory movernents as defined in 6.2.3.2. Baa {8 the design strain due to the design angular rotation as defined in 52.3.4. K, _is.a type-loading factor. The value of K; is normally considered as equal to 1.0. If stipulated in project specification for special requirement of limiting strain under live load effect, K_ may be defined as 1.5 only for live load effects and 1.0 for all other load effects (including ‘seismic, wind and temperature) 9 Shall not exceed the maximum value e,,given by the expression Bia fan Yn c) where: ex is the maximum permissible value of 7 for ULS (See note 1) Yo _i8.a partial safety factor. Untess otherwise specified, the recommended value is ym= 1.00 Maximum tensile stresses in reinforcing plates Reinforcing plates shall be designed for ULS as defined in 5.2.3.6, Stability criteria (see 6.2.3.6) Stability criteria shall be evaluated taking into account the following: ~ Stability regarding rotation Stability regarding buckling = Stability regarding stiding Forces, moments, and deformations exerted on the structure (see 5.2.3.7) Forces, moments and deformations shall be evaluated taking into account the following: ~ page 16 of 33 —297-5234 IRC: 83 (Pati). 2044 ‘The pressure at the contact surfaces between the bearing and the structure. ‘The force exerted on the structure by the bearing resisting translatory movement ~The restoring moment due to the bearing resisting rotational mgvement ~ Vertical deflection due to the vertical load NOTE 4: The maximum permissible value for ey defined as 7 for ULS. It should not be taken to reflect the ultimate strain of the material. Elastomeric bearings are designed to operate well below the ultimate strength of the materials from which they are made, to allow for fatigue effects in the rubber. Consequently bearings can sustain accidental overloads and deformations considerably greater than the design values, without failure. Experiment shows that even when the compressive loads are sufficient to fracture the steel reinforcing plates the bearing siill supports the load. NOTE 2: The nominal shear modulus can be modified for dynamic load effects (railway loading in RaikRoad bridges, earthquake), depending on the exciting frequencies (generally frequencies > 6H2) and movement amplitudes: the factor, which may vary for different elastomer compounds, can be obtained experimentally. ‘Shape factor The shape factor $ is a means of taking account of the shape of the elastomer in strength and deflection calculations. It is the ratio of the effective plan area of an elastomeric slab to its force-free: surface area, including holes. For laminated bearings the shape factor S for each individual elastomer layer is given by the expression’ S=AT bt ® For plain pad bearings the shape factor S is given by the expression S=A/LL (4) For stip bearings the shape factor fs given by the expression Ssal2 (5) where: ‘Av: is the effective plan area of the bearing, ie. the plan area common to elastomer and stect plate, exciding the area of any holes if these are not later effectively plugged A is the overall plan area of the elastomeric bearing. 2: is the overall width of the strip bearing. |b: is the forcefree perimeter of the bearing including that of any holes if these are not ater effectively plugged te: is the effective thickness of an individual elastomer layer in compression; in laminated bearings itis taken as the actual thickness, t, for iner layers, and 1,4 ti for outer layers with a thickness 23 mm® in plain pad and strip bearings itis taken as 1,8 ti (tis the thickness of an individual elastomer layer). - NOTE For a rectangular bearing without holes: Page 14 of 33 —Bo-IRC: 83 (Part -2015, Asa bland © 2(a +b) ” is the effective width of the bearing (i.e. the width of reinforcing plates). isthe effective length ofthe bearing (ve the tenth of reinforcing plates) 5.2.32 Design strain due to compressive load For caloulation purpose G shalll be one of the values defined in Table 2 ais the design strain due to compressive loads, and is given by the expression: ecg = 1.5 Fal GAS @) is the reduced effective plan area due to the Joading effects, where A, is given by the ‘expression: 1 (1 Vygial ~ vyf') @ is the maximum horizontal relative displacement of parts of the bearing in the direction of dimension a of the bearing due to all design load effects; Js the maximum horizontal relative displacement of parts of the Béaring in the direction of dimension b of the bearing due to all design load effects 52.33, Shear strain ‘The shear strain cq. of the elastomer due to translatory movement shall not exceed 1.00, and is given by the expression. where Bed = Vaya! Ta (10) is the maximum resultant horizontal relative displacement of parts of the bearing obtained by vectorial addition Of Vs. Nd Vp (xa and v,a are defined in 5.2.3.2) is the total thickness of the elastomer in shear including the top and bottom cover, unless. relative movement between the outer plates of the bearing and the structure is restrained by dowelling or other means, NOTE: The maximum permissible value for e,4 defined as 1.00 for ULS. 5.23.4, Design strain due to angular rotation The nominal strain due to angular rotation is given by the expression: oy baa =(8*. dog +b. ang) H/2E (WH) m) is the angle of rotation across the width, a, of the bearing; the angle of rotation (if any) across the length, b, of the bearing; is the thickness of an individual layer of elastomer. Page 12 0f 33 —3I-5235, 5236. IRC: 83 (Part) 2011 Reinforcing plate thickness To resist induced tensile stresses under load, the minimum thickness of the steel plates in a laminated bearing is given by the expression: te= Ky Fag. (ty #1). Ky. Yn! Ar. fyand te 2 2 mm yo where Fg and A, are as defined in 3.1 's and ty are the thickness of elastomer on either side of the plate; {is the yield stress of the steel, Ks a factor for induced tensile stresses in reinforcing plate which valve is given hereafter: without holes Kyat with holes K=2 ‘mis the partial safety factor. Unless otherwise specified the recommended value is Y= 1.00 k, is a stress correction factor, the value of which may be considered as 1.3, Limiting conditions Rotational limitation condition For laminated bearings, the rotational limitation shall be satisfied when the total. vertical deflection 2za (See 8.2.3.7) complies with: For rectangular bearings Evze=(a'- gg + B.cna) Kye 20 (13) For circular bearings Evgg=(D'. ay) /Kis 20 4) where D' _ is the effective diameter ofthe bearing, Ko isa rotation factor, the value of which may be considered as 3. ves the total vertical deflection Buckling stability (ULS) For laminated bearings, the pressure, F,«/ A, shall satisfy the expression FralA<2.a'.G.S)/3. Ty - For rectangular bearings: 18) For circular bearings a’ shall be deemed to be the diameter. ‘Non sliding condition (ULS) For non anchored bearings the following formulae shall be satisfied: Fya Ste - Fann ° and under permanent loads: camn = Faamin! Ay 23 Mpa (16) Page 13 of 33 ~3R-82.3.7 IRG: 83 (Part Ht) 2014 Fons is the resultant ofall the horizontal forces Fem isthe minimum vertical design force coexisting with Fay ke is the fricion coefficient given by the expression hereafter: % fe = O14 1.5 Kil om atuts where Ky 6 for concrete 2 forall other surfaces including bedding resin mortars and steel om is the average of the compressive stress from Fem NOTE: The design values of the friction coefficients for the sliding condition are relatively low to allow-for long term effects, Nevertheless more stringent values of p than those mentioned above can be specified for structures with high dynamic conditions, such as railway bridges, or with smooth plinth surfaces. Where a bearing fails to satisfy the requirements for stability against sliding, positive means of Jocation shail be provided to resist the whole of the horizontal forces, Forces, moments, and deformations exerted on the structure Pressure on the contact surfaces Elastomeric bearing exert a non-uniform pressure on the contact surface with the structure, It 1s ficient to ensure that mean pressure does not exceed the strength of the supporting material Force exerted on the structure by the bearing resisting translatory movement The force Ry exerted on the structure by the bearing resisting transiatory movement is given by: Ry =A.G.Vy/ Te a7 where Rai Is the resultant ofthe forces resisting to transtatory movement, As the total plan area of the bearing, isthe shear modulus ofthe bearing, T.+ is the total thickness of elastomer in shear The force Ryy shall not exceed the value specified, Resistance to rotation The design value of the restoring moment due to rotation about an axis through the centre of the bearing, parallel to the length (b direction), is given by the following expressions: for rectangular bearing: M=G.a.a* bunk (18) for circular bearing M=6.c.n, D8/512.n.8° (19) To determine the factor K, see Table 4 hereafter Table 4— Restoring moment factor Page 14 of 33 BBA53. 834 83.2 IRC: 83 (Part) -2011 [ba [os [ors [2 [25 15 %_[137__ | 100 804 [793 ba [te | a7 19 [2 % [rat [734 7s [708 [633 [619 NOTE 1: Ifb 1+ alb for permanent loads. (22) Deformations and forces exerted on the structure Vertical deflection: The deflection is given by the equation for 2 single layer in 5.2.3.7 (gnoring term involving the bulk modulus) Mean Pressure Fal (23) Translatory The force afising from the shear strain is given in 5.2.3.7 Strip bearings ‘This ype of bearing consists of a solid strip of elastomer without reinforcing plates. Geometry ‘The thickness of strip bearings shal not be less than 8 mm, Loads ‘The mean design pressure, ocd, on a strip bearing as defined by the expression ug Fea A 24) Shall not exceed the maximum limit value ox = 1.4 GS or 7 G, whichever is the lesser, Fig: Is the vertical design load effect, ‘A: isthe overall plan area of the stip bearing: G: is the nominal shear modulus of the elastomer, $: isthe shape factor of the elastomer slab. ‘Shear strain ‘The calculation for determining &4 described in 5.2.3.3 shall apply. The shear strain shail be limited to the following value ea 50.3 Page 16 033 —3S5—544 54S 55. 56. 61. 62 63. 64, 65. 66 IRC: 83 (Patt 8) - 2064 Stability criteria Rotation: B5> 204/38 (25) Buckling, Thickness < 1/4 of width Siding: ‘The provisions in 5.2.3.6 for all loads shall be applied and Fra/Ay> 1 alb for permanent loads, (26) Deformations and maximum forces exerted on the structure Vertical deflection: ‘The deflection is given by the equation for a single layer in 5.2.37 (Ignoring term involving the bulk modulus) Mean Pressure: Fea A 7) Translatory “The force arising from the shear strain is given in 52.3.7. Sliding elastomeric bearings Bearings of type G & H in Table 3 shall conform to the design rules and manufactering tolerances for laminated bearings, see 5.2.3, ‘The maximum frictional force Fy, when calculated in accordance with relevant Part covering sliding element shall comply with: Fas Re Ry=AG Internal Fastening Connections and Positive Means of Location Internal fastening connections for (Bearing type F in Table 3) and positive means of location shall be designed fora minimum Fg For designing of pstive means of localon/ anchorage, refer relevent Fae AG Manufacturing & Workmanship Plain pad and strip bearing shall be moulded in one piece, or comprise single pieces cut from Previously moulded strips or slabs. Cutting shall produce a smooth surface without injurious heating of the elastomer, Bearing with steel! laminates shall be moulded as single unit in a mould and vulcanised under heat ‘and pressure. Moulding of elements in separate units and subsequent bonding is not permitted, nor shall cutting from large size cast be permitted ‘The moulds used shall have standard surface finish adequate to produce bearings free from any surface blemishes. Internal steel laminates shall be free from sharp edges. Steel plates for laminates shall be sand/ grit blasted to clean all mill scales and shall be free from all, Contaminants prior to bonding by vulcanisation. Rusted plates with pitting shall not be used. Bonding shall be carried out during vuleanisation using suitable bonding agent for bonding of elastomer to steel such that the bond peel strength is at least 7 N/mm width when tested in ‘accordance with 1S:3400 Part XIV method A. . . Page 17 of 33 —36-IRC: 83 (Pa Il}. 2011 , 57" Spacers used in mould to ensure cover and location of laminates shall be of minimum size and ‘number practicable. Any hole at surface or in edge cover shall be filed in subsequently, 68. Gate shall be taken to ensure uniform vulcanisation conditions and homogeneity of elastomer through the surface and body of the bearing 6.9. The bearings shall be manufactured with the tolerances specified in Table 5, Tolerances of thickness. Of individual layer of elastomer, dimension of laminates, and flatness of laminates are primarily meant for quality control during production. In order to measure thickness of individual layer of elastomer, dimension of laminates and flatness of laminates of a finished bearing it is essential to cut the bearing, which may be done if agreed upon between the manufacturer and the buyer. ‘TABLE 5: Manufacturing Tolerances 7] Overall near pian dimensions : “3mm, +6 mm 2 Total mean bearing thickness 2%, 8% (The mean thickness is the arithmetic average of the thickness measured al five points on the major surface , 1s indicated for various shaped bearings. ) Rectangular: comers and centre sular___: comers of inscribed square and centve) ~~ Parallelism ro, 2) | OF top surface’ of bearing with respect to the botom | 7 in 200 %e (max of 2 mm ) Juter layer of elastomer "420% (max of 7 mm ) “Side cover “Dimension of laminates — ‘Plan dimensions of laminates 3mm, +0 |b) | Thickness of laminate <) | Parallelism of laminate with respect to bearing base as | Tin 700 ) datum (with respect to diameter for plates circular in |__plan and shorter side for plates rectangular in plan) Flatness (Flainess shall be assessed by placing @ straightedge ) ‘long the diagonal or diameter. The gap between the straightedge and the surface shall not exceed the oO ____| tolerances speciied below) — 3) | Load bearing surface of the Bearing ) diagonal or 2% of mean bearing thickness which a | everishigner 1% of diameter of diagonal ° (maxof 1.5mm) oO 6.10. The vulcanising equipmenvpress should be such that between he platens of the press the pressure | and temperature are uniform and capable of being maintained at constant values as required for 2 effecting uniform vulcanisation of the bearing. oO 6.11. The moulding dies uliized for manufacturing the bearings should be so set inside the platen of the 5 press so that the pressure developed during vuleanisation of the product is evenly distributed and - Page 18 of 33 . oO ~ 3y-16 6.12 6.13. 7A 72 73.- 7A. 75. 7S. 77. TIA 78. 78. HRC: 83 (Part I) 2011 the thickness maintained at all places are within acceptable tolerance limits taking into consideration, the shrinkage allowance of vulcanisate. ‘The raw compound which has been introduced inside the metal dies for vulcanisation, should be accurately weighed each time and it must be ensured that sufficient quantity has been put inside the die for proper flow of material at every place so that a homogeneous and compact bearing is produced without any sign of sponginess or deficiency of material at any place, Before any vulcanisate of any batch of production is used for producing vulcanised bearings, test pieces in the form of standard slab and buttons should be prepared in accordance with prescribed standards and salient properties tested and recorded reguiarly against each batch of production to ‘monitor the quality of the products, The manufacturer shall have all test Taciities required for process and acceptance control tests installed at his plant to the complete satisfaction of the engineer. The test facilities and their ‘operation shall be open to inspection by the engineer on demand. ‘All acceptance and process control tests shall be conducted at the manufacturers plant. Cost of all materials, equipment and labour shall be bome by the manufacturer unless otherwise specified or ‘specially agreed to between the manufacturer and buyer. Acceptance testing shall be commenced with the prior submital of testing programme by the ‘manufacturer to the engineer and after obtaining his approval. ‘Any acceptance testing delayed beyond 180 days of production shall require special approval of the engineer and modified acceptance specification, as agreed to between the manufacturer and the buyer. All acceptance testing shall be conducted by the inspector with aid of the personnel having adequate expertise and experience in rubber testing provided by the manufacturer. working under the supervision of inspector and to his complete satistaction. Lot by lot inspection and acceptance shall be made: Acceptance Lot A lot under acceptance ‘shall comprise all bearings, including the extra test bearings where applicable (Clause 7.9.13) of equal or specified size produced under Identical conditions of ‘manufacture to be supplied for a particular project. For the purpose of grading levels of acceptance testing (Clause 7.9), lots will be classified as below. ()—Aletsize of24 or larger number of bearings shallbe defined as a large Tol (®)—Alotsize of ess than 24 bearings shal be defined as small ol Levels of Acceptance Inspection ‘The level of acceptance testing shall generally be graded into the following two levels depending on lot size: Level 1 acceptance testing Level 2 acceptance testing ‘Acceptance testing level 1 is a higher level inspection and may be specified at the discretion of the engineer and agreement of manufacturer and buyer, taking into account the special importance of bridge project even for Small lots. This shal involve manufacture of extra bedrings to be uséd as test Page 19 033 —38-IRC: 83 (Part) 2011 D> 1 bsoring and eventually consumed in destructive testing. The cost of extra test bearings, in such cases shall be borne by the buyer while cost of all other materiais, equipment and testing shall be borne by the manufacturer. 782. Acceptance testing level 2 shall be applicable in general fo shall no involve any destructive testing of fished bearings. ots, unless otherwise specified, and 79, Acceptance testing ‘Acceptance testing shall comprise: 5 General inspection Test on specaly mouided test pieces. Test on complete bearings oF séctions for measurement of vaious quality characteristics detailed below: ) 7.9.1. Acceptance testing level 4 y 7.9.1.1, General inspection (1) All bearings of the lot shall be visually inspected for absence of any defects in surface finish, shape; hardness or any other discernible superficial defects, (2) All bearings of the lot shail be checked for tolerances for overall dimensions, mean bearing : thickness, parallelism of bearing surfaces and flainess of load bearing surfaces specified in Table 2. (3) The test shall be carried out on all bearings as part of the’ standard production process. The ‘temperature of the room in which the bearings are tested shall not vary more than 10 °C. The main objective of this test is to eliminate poorly made bearings by visual inspection in a quick and efficient way. Al bearings of the lot shall be subjected to an axial load to correspond to the design load at serviceability iit state while visual examination is made to check for discernible defects lke Misalignment of reinforcing plates y Poor bond at laminate/stee interface Variation in elastomer layer thickness ) ‘Any surface defects developed during testing ) During the test, the deflection between 20% and 100% of the maximum load for the application shall be fecorded and used to check the consistency of the stiffness value. Variation in stiffness of any individual ) bearing from the mean of the measured values for al such bearings of the lot shall not be larger than 20% of the mean value. During acceptance testing, complete test data shall be furnished by the manufacturer and one bearing per lot shall be selected at random and the same test shall be repeated. The bearings shall then be visually inspected for defects as well as the stiffness shall be measured, Variation in stiness of the individual bearing from the mean of the measured values for all such bearings ofthe lot ) a provided by the manufacturer shall nt be larger than 20% of the mean valve. y In case of any visual defect or unacceptable sifiness during acceptance testing, all bearings of the lot shal 5 be subjected to the same test again and only the bearing that passes the test in all respect shall be accepted, 7.9.12, Tests on specially moulded test pieces. . (1) Test pieces shall be moulded by the manufacturer with identical compound and under identical ) vulcorzing conditions 28 used in the manufac ofthe bearings of the acceptance fot The process shall be open to inspection by the inspector or engineer . Page 20 of 33 — 34IR: 89 {Pan tt) 2015 (2) Test pieces offered for inspection shall be identified by suitable markings and duly certified by the manufacturer. (3) The quality characteristics to be tested are listed below. The specification references in parenthesis shall define the corresponding specification for test piece, test method and criterion of acceptance. Composition (Clause 4.1.3,; see Note 1 below) Hardness (Table 1-1.1) Tensile Strength (Table 1-1.2) Elongation at Break (Table 1-1.3) Compression Set (Tabie1-2) Accelerated Ageing (Table 1-3) ‘Adhesion Strength (Clause 422) ‘Ozone Resistance (Clause 4.23. see also Note 2. below) ote 4: For acceptance testing level 1th ash content (%) and specie gravy of laser of test pieces from test bearing shal be compared with tse for corresponding specoly melded test paces furnished by the manufacturer. The folowing varaion sha be deemed maxam acceptable Specific gravity: + 0.2 Ash content + 0.5% (e.g, the ash content of elastomer from test bearing is 4% the ash ‘content of the specially moulded test piece shall be within 3.5% 04.5% or vice versa) Hardness (Table 1-1.1) ‘Tensile strength (Table 1-1.2) Elongation at break (Table 1-1.3) Compression set (Table 1-2) Accelerated ageing (Table 1-3) Adhesion strength (Clause 4.2.2) Note 2: Ozone resistance test can be waived by the engineer for beatings of CR, when satisfactory results of ozone resistance tests on similar grade of elastomer may be available fom process control records oF evelopment test data fumished by the manufacturer. Where such process control data are not available or the frequency of testing not deemed adequate, ‘ozone resistance test shal be mandatory for acceptance of bearings of CR However, such tests may not be insisted for bearings not located under adverse conditions of exposure ‘and whore the test on accelerated ageing could be considered as adequate. Process and acceptance Contra tests for ozone resistance by an independent testing agency shall be acceptable, 7.9.1.3. Tests cn complete bearings or samples (1) Two bearings shall be selected at random from the lot as test bearings and the following test, shall be conducted. Test for determination of shear modulus (on a pair of bearing). ‘Test for determination of compression stifress (on one bearing out ofthe selected pair) ‘The test specifications and acceptance criteria shall conform fo those given in Appendix 3. The tested bearings shall be part of the lot accepted. (2) The following tests shall be conducted on two identical bearing selected at random from the lot, as test bearing or on two identical specially moulded sample bearings of plan dimension 200mm. x 200mm and overall thickness 41mm (3 elastomer layers of thickness mm each, 4 reinforcing plates of thickness 3mm each, face cover 2.5mm, and side cover 4min) as agreed upon between the manufacturer and buyer: Test for determination of shear bend strength =. - : . Page 21 of 33 —4o -IRC: 83 (Part Ml). 2014 The test specifications and acceptance criteria shall conform to those given in Appendix 3. This is a destructive test and the test bearings shall not be used in the structure. 7.92. Acceptance testing level 2 7.9.2.1. General inspection (1) All bearings ofthe lot shail be visually inspected for absence of any defects in surface finish, shape; hardness or any other discernible superficial defects. (2) All bearings ofthe lot shall be checked for tolerances for overall dimensions, mean bearing thickness, paralielsm of bearing surfaces and flatness of load bearing surfaces specified in Table 2. 7.9.2.2, Test on specially moulded test pieces: This shall conform to the provisions in Clause 7.9.1.2. in all respects, 7.9.2.3. Test on complete bearings (1) Two bearings shall be selected at random from the lot as test bearings and the following test shall be conducted. ‘Test for determination of shear modus (ori a pair of bearing). ‘Test for determination of compression stiffness (on one bearing out of the selected pair) The test specifications ‘and acceptance criteria shall conform to those given in Appendix 3. The tested bearings shall be part of the lot accepted 7.9.3, Special Acceptance Inspection 7.9.3.1. Special acceptance inspection may comprise following: (1) Acceptance testing by 2 NABL. accredited independent external agency with supplemental test facilities provided by it for polymer identification and confirmation about percentage of polymer content and ‘ash content by TGA method, 2) Acceptance testing on test pieces prepared from the surface oF body of the test bearings instead of specially moulded test pieces. (3) Acceptance testing on cut sample from finished bearing in order to measure thickness of individual layer of elastomer, dimension of laminates and flatness of laminates. (4) Acceptance test at ULS condition. Bearings tested at ULS condition cannot be used in the structure since its performance at SLS cannot be guaranteed after such treatment (5) Acceptance tests not covered by this Code and according tothe specifications laid dowm by the engineer. 7.9.3.2. Special acceptance inspection may be specified under the following conditions: (1) Special contract agreement between the manufacturer and the buyer. Cost of adional bearings to be ‘constumed for special acceptance inspection shall be borne by buyer. 2) Unsatisfactory evidence of process or acceptance contol, 7.40. 7.10.1. A Jot under inspection shall be accepted by the inspector and so certiied, when no defect is found with respect to any of the quality characteristics tested on samples drawn from the lot according to Specifications laid down in Clause 7.9. covering general inspection and tests on specially moulded test pieces and on complete bearings, In case of any bearing with defect, the lot may be rejected by the ingpector and so tertfied, : wage 22 of 33 ~ Aye7.40.2 7.103, mM. 7444 7.42. 7424 712.2, 7.12.3, 7.12.4, 7.12.5, IRC. 89 (Pant) 2011 In case any bearing is found defective to any quality characteristic, discerned by general inspection; tests on specially moulded tes! pieces and complete bearings as applicable shall nevertheless be completed. If the said lot, rejected by general inspection, satisfies the acceptance criteria in respect of these other tests, the lot and individual bearings found defective shall be clearly identified in the inspection certificate. ‘The manufacturer shall obtain from the inspector, immediately on completion of his inspection, an inspection certiicate which shail include the details of a lot or lots accepted / rejected by him and records of all est measurements, Quality Control Certificate ‘The manufacturer shall certify for each Jot of bearing under acceptance: That an adequate system of continuous. qualily contro! was operated in his plant “That the entre process remained in control during the production of the lot of bearings under acceptance as verified fam the quality control records/charts which shall be open to inspection of the engineer! inspector on demand A certified copy of results of process control testing done on samples of elastomer used in the production ofthe lat shall be appended and shall include at least the following information, Composition of the compound-raw. elastomer and ash content, the grade of raw elastomer used (include name , source, age on shelf), test results of hardness, tensile strength, elongation at beak, Compression set, accelerated ageing, etc. A higher level certification of the process quality contro! mayl be called for at the sole discretion of the engineer in special cases e.g. where adequate historical information about the process from acceptance inspection of bearings similar to those comprising the lot under inspection produced in the same plant is not available with the engineer or in case of any evidence of process oF acceptance control being deemed unsatisfactory. The higher level certification shall comprise submittal of a complete quality control report as given in Appendix 3, supplementing the quality control certificate Acceptance “The manufacturer shal furnish the following to engineer forthe acceptance judgment (1) Quality control certificate as iaid dovn in Clause 7.11 (2). Inspection certificate as laid down in Clause 7.10. ‘The manufacturer shall furnish any supplementary information on the system of quality conto! and ‘or process and acceptance control testing as may be deemed necessary by engineer. In case of any evidence of process or acceptance control testing being deemed unsatisfactory by him, engineer at his sole discretion may call for a special acceptance inspection of the lot according to specifications laid down by him, without any prejudice to his right to reject the lot. The entire cost of such supplementary inspection shall be bome by the manufacturer. Engineer shall be the sole authority for acceptance of a lot on scrutiny of the certificates according to Clause 7.12.1. along with any supplementary evidence according to Clauses 7.12.2. and 7.12.3; and ‘complete satisfaction herewith, In case of rejection of a lot, engineer shall reserve the right to call for special acceptance inspection for the succeeding lots offered for inspection according to the specifications laid down by him. The entire cast of such tightened inspectian shall be borne-by the manufacturer. ~~ - Page 23 of 33, — 4a34 32 33 9. 92. 9.3. 94, 98, 96. 97. IRC: 83 (Part) - 2091 Certification and Marking Bearings shall be transported to bridge site after final acceptance by engineer and shall be accompanied by an authenticated copy of the certificate to that effect Each bearing shal! be uniquely and individually numbered for identification on its external faces. The ientiication number shall be unique and as such to enable other bearings manufactured at the same time lo be (raced through the production control records should the need arise. As a minimurn, a label should be vulcanised on the top or bottom of the bearing detailing: ~ the manufacturer's name = the unique identification number and the manufacturer's name or symbol on one of the edges. ‘Marking shall be resistant to water and normal wear and tear Additional information that may be marked on the bearing or supplied separately with the bearing Correlating with the unique identification number shall be as follows: Date of manufacture Bearing dimensions. Production batch number Acceptance lot number Specific bridge location, if any Explanation of markings used on the bearing ‘The top of the bearing and direction of installation shall be indicated. Installation Care shall be taken in packing, transportation, storage and handling to avoid any mechanical damage, contamination with oil, grease and dir, undue exposure to sunlight and weather. Bearings shall be installed in the structure as specified or approved by the engineer to ensure that right bearing is being installed at the right location, Bearings must be placed between true horizontal surfaces (maximum tolerance 0.2 per cent perpendicular fo load) and at tue plan position of their control lines marked on receiving surfaces (maximum tolerance +3 mm). Concrete surfaces shall be free from local irregularities (maximum tolerance +1 mm in height). Departures from common planarity of twin or multiple bearings shall be within such tolerance as may be specified or approved by the engineer. Design shall be checked for the actual inclination in seating if larger inaccuracies than those specified in Clause 9.3 are permitted, For castin-place concrete construction of superstructure, where bearings are installed prior to its concreting, the forms around the bearings shall be soft enough for easy removal. Forms shall also fit the bearings snugly and prevent any leakage of mortar grout. Any mortar contaminating the bearings during concreting shall be completely removed before setting. For precast concrete or steel superstructure elements, fixing of bearing to them may be done by application of epoxy resin adhesive to interface, after specified surface preparation. The specification for adhesive material, workmanship and control shall be approved by the engineer. Care shall be taken to guard against faulty application and consequent behaviour of the adhesive layer as @ lubricant. The bonding by the adhesive shall be deemed effective only as a device for installation and ‘hall not be deemed to Secure bearing against displacement for. purpose of design. - 7” Page 24 6433. °~ —43-98. 9.9. 9.10. 10. 10.1 102. 10.3, 10.4. 108. IRC: 83 (Part) 2014 Liting of 2 cast.in-place post tensioned bridge deck for relieving time dependent deformation shorty after installation of bearings should be avoided. In case such lting is unavoidable, the iting arrangement, proper seating of the giuer on the bearing, etc. shall be rigidly controlled to avoid any risk of misalignment. ‘After installation, bearing and their surrounding areas shall be left clean. Under Joad, bulging of the mbber layer between the reinforcing steel laminates on free exposed perimeter is @ normal phenomenon and is not detrimental to the performance of the bearing unless ‘any crack or evidence of bond failure is detected, Maintenance ‘The structure should be designed and detailed in such @ way that the bearings are easily accessible after installation for inspection and maintenance. Arrangements for insertion of jacks to lift the bridge deck shall be made in detailing of structure, ‘The bearings shall be subjected to plarined maintenance care. The.exposed bearing surface shall be maintained clean and free from contamination with grease or oll, ete ‘Annual routine mainteriance inspection or special maintenance inspection of all bearings shall be ‘made to check the following eriteria: = The top and bottom load bearing surfaces shall be in full contact with the plinth (bottom Supporting surface) and the soffit (top supporting surface). If there is imperfect contact between the surfaces stated above, the angle between the soffit and the plinth shall be checked against the design specifications. + Shear deflection is expected phenomenon in Elastomeric bearing. However, the magnitude Of the shear deflection of each bearing shall be checked to ensure that itis within the design specifications, = _A.visual inspection shall be made of all the accessible edges. A note shall be made of the size and position of any cracks or splits, of uneven bulges. Near uniform bulging is however expected phenomenon in elastomeric bearing = Examine the plinth and soffit for signs of displacement from bearing original position (black marks may give an indication of movement), ~ applicable, examine the sliding surfaces for cleanliness and that the movements are within the design range and report results, - If applicable, examine the protective coating and / or dust protection for signs of deterioration ‘and report results Damaged bearings shall be replaced immediately, To avoid differences in stifhess, all adjacent bearings on the same line of support shall also be replaced, Appendix 1 ‘Typical bridge bearing scheduleSralge name or reference IRC: 83 Part I) - 2014 seating mater” [Ubpersofaes ZI Lower surface [Afiowabie average [Upper face [Sewsoabiih C lcontact pressure timate C =] =} Joven) Toner ace [Sevicesti = — _ Ulimate Design load Utimate imit state [Vertical [- effects (kN) permanent on a Hansverse | Longtdinat Senvcsabiy tnt” [Vertcal _ [state Transverse — [Longitudinal [Translation Ultimate limit state [Transverse ~T I linn) Longitudinal C = [Séniceabiiy Wa [Transverse [ state Longitudinal fa [Rotation ~~ Utimate tint sate [Transverse radians) | Longitudinal —} Maximum beaning dimensions [Trancverse mn) Longitudinal Pr fo ___[Overat neigh = = HToierabie movement of bearing [Vertical — lunder Vertical transient loads [Transverse (mm) Hf relevant Longiudinal fC ae [Alowabie resistance to vanslaton [Transverse lunder serviceability limit state (kN) {Longtudina TI TT Htretevant [Aiowable resistance to rotation —[Tranewerse lunder serviceability timit state. [Longitudinal To kN.m) If relevant Type of fixing required Upper face =e Lower face a) Typical Sizes of Laminated Bearings NOTE: State any other requirements on separate sheet For example cement mortar, epoxy mortar, in situ concrete, precast concrete, steel, timber. Page'2s 033” —4s— Appendix 2IR: 89 (Ban 2019 Dimensionsp Thickness i min Whimber of fayers axb (mm) = A. orb | ~Unioaded” Elastomer] Elastomer [Reinforcing] min. | max. bearing (total *) layers | plates ‘nin, [max | min. | max ToxIoy 30} ai ie 24 Ys ig z > soox200 | 30 | 41 | 16 | 24 |e 5 2 3 150 x 200 [30 $2 6 | 32/8 3 2 | 6200 30 52 16 32 «(8 3 2 4 150x250] 30 | 52 | 16 | 32 |s 5 2 4 150x200} 30 | 82 | 16 | 32 |e B 2 4 4250 | 30 | 52 | 16 | 32 | 3 [2 4! Box | ar P74] ze] a8 fe 8 3 6 200x300 | 41 | 74 | 24 | 40 fe Bs 3 6 200x350 | 41 | 74 | 24 | 48 fo 5 3 6 300 | 41 | 74 | 2 | aa fo 5 3 6 2ooxa00 | 4i_| za | 24 | a8 |e ls a | 6 250x300] 41 es 24] 56] is 3 7 oas0 | 41 | 65 | 24 | 56 fe Is 3 7 2soxa00 |-4i_| 05 | 24 | 56 |e Ib 3 7 | 300x400} 57 aos] a6] 72] 72 7 3 3 e400] 57 | 105 | 36 | 72 | 42 4 3 6 300x500 | 57 | 10s | 36 | 72 | 12 4 3 6 sas0 | 57 | 10s | 36 | 72 | 12 4 3-| 6 300x600 | "57 | is | 36_| 72 | 12 4 3 | 6 | 350x450] 87 | 21] 36} ea] 42 4 3 7 - soo | s7_| si | 36 | ea | 12 4 3 7 400x500 | 73 137 48 96" 12 4 4 & oss0 | 73 | 137 | 48] 96 | 12 4 4 8 4oox600 | 73_| 137 | 43 | 96 | 12 af 4 3 | 450x600 | 73] is] a8 “0a” | a2 4 4 9 | sso0| 73 | 153 | 43 | 108 | 12 4 |4 o | 300x600} 73] 460 | a8] 420} 42 4 4 i0 $650 73 469 48 120, 12 4 4 10 Boox 600] 94 | tos | 8a ia 6 3 + ° $700 | 94 | 199 | oa | 14a 6 5 4 8 600x700 | 4 | 199 | oa | 14a 6 5 4 9 +750 | 94 | 199 jaa 16 5 4 9 700x700 | 94 220 [64 | 160 16 5 4 10 4800] 24 | 220 | 64 | 160 16 5 4 | 10 700x800 | 94 | 220 | 64 | 160 16 5 4 | 10 sso | 4 | 20} 6 | 160 | 16 5 4_| 10 BOO x 800 | 110 J 285] 0] 220 wp 490 00_| 110 220 aos 4_| 10 [ san so0- Tio 220 | 20 5 apo] FF Total thickness wihout top and botom cover b) Typical Sizes of Lar jated Bearings as per R’20 Series Page 27 of 33 —46-e IRC: 83 (Pan m)- 2011 Dinansions Thickness mim Wamber of layers axb (mm) _ p ord [Unloaded “Elastomer “| Elastomer [Reinforcing] min. | max. (total*) | layers | plates iin, [max [min [max Toor iso | 30 T 47 | 16 | 24 [8 is 2 3 100x200 | 30] a1 | 16 | 24 |e B 2 3_| 460x200 [30 | ~52 [16 | 32 [8 a 2 4 4200 | 30 | 52 | t6 | 32 s B 2 4 160x250 | 30 | 52 | 16 | 32 |e 3 2 4 > 160x320 | 30 | 52 | 16 | 32 |e Is 2 4 4250 | 30 | 52 | 16 | 32 |p Is 2 4 ) 200x250 |—at [7424 | a8 [a is 3 6 200x320 | 41 | 74 | 24 | 4a [a Is 3 6 ) 200x360 | 41 | 74 | 24 | 48 fo Is 3 6 320 | a1 | 74 | 24 | aa fa Is 3 6 . 200x400 | 41 | 74 | 24 | aa a Is 3 6 5 250x320 | 41 | 85 | 24 [26 [a 3 3 7 ) aco] 41 | a5 | 24 | 56 3 3 7 ) 250x400 | 41 | 85 | 24 | 56 Is 3 3 z 320x400 | 87 [105 | 36] 72 | 12 a 3 fe ) sao | 57 | 105 | 36 | 72 | 12 4 3 6 ’ 320x520 | 57 | 105 | 36 | 72 } 12 4 3 | 6 ) aso | 57 | 105 | 36 | 72 | 12 4 3 6 320x630. | 57 | 105 | 36 | 72 | 12 4 3_| 6 ) ‘360x450 | 57 tat | 36 [ea | 12 a 3 7 os20 | 57} 121 | 36 | aa | 2 4 | 3 7 > 400x520 | 73 | 137 | 4B [96 | 12 4 4 e e560} 73 }.137 | 48 | 96 | 12 4 4 8 4ooxe30 | 73 | 137 | 43 | 96 | 12 4 4 8 we0x6a0 [73] se] a8] 08 Peat 4 8 4630 | 73 | 153 | 48 | 103 | 12 4 4 8 330x630 [73768] 48 | 120-12 4 4 [19 820x630 | a4 | 198 | 64 | “144 6 5 7 9 ) o710 | 94 | 199 | 64 | 148 16 5 4 8 saox710 | _94 | i99 | 64 | 144 16 5 4 9 ) 710x710 | 84 |~220- | 64} “160 16 3 a [10 e800 | 94 | 220 | 64 | 160 18 5 4 | 10 ) rioxe00 | 94 | 220 | 64 | 160 16 5 4 | 10 aso | 94 | 220 | 64 | 160 18 5 a_| 10 ‘00x 800-| 110] 285] 80-220 2h a [70 900 | 110 | 235 | 30 | 220 2of 5 4_| 10 ) ‘900x900 [140 ~[~285~ [80 [220 20] 5. 4 1 5 Total thicknéss without (op and boilom cover O oO ) Appendix 3 9 y vo - Pogo 28 of 33 , —47—-72 73 734 732 733 734 IRC: 83 (Part) - 2019 ‘TESTS ON COMPLETE BEARINGS OR SAMPLES (Refer Clause 7.9.1.3 & 7.9.2.3) AI tests shall be conducted on test bearings chosen at random from the lot under acceptance testing sample bearings, a gppcae Al tsi shall be carried out on compleebearngs only and not on any cut-sample in any dls. All tests shall be conducted by skiled personne! under competent supervision with adequate experience in rubber testing, to the complete satisfaction of the inspector. All testing shall be done at room temperature. No bearings shall be tested eatler than a week after vulcanization. Test for determination of Compression Stiffness may precede that of Shear Modulus, whet both tests are conducted on the same test bearings, All details of test equipment, method and specified values, as applicable, shall be furnished with the submittal of the acceptance testing programme according to Clause 7.3 of main text Test for Determination of Shear Modulus Scope: The test shall determine the value of shear modulus G under specified shot tem loading Test Piece - Two test bearings. Tost Procedure Test assembly- As in Figure 2 Conditioning toad Bearings shall be preloaded with maximum horizontal load 2.F, (with Fri held constant) and unloaded before test loading, Rate of loading Fetest Corresponding to dq = 5 MPa shall be held constant during test and the horizontal loading 2. shall be gradually increased to yield 2 shear stress rate of approximately 0.05 to 0.5 MPa per minute. ‘Maximum test loading The horizontal loading 2.F, shall be Increased upto @ maximum 2.F,sex which corresponds to horizontal deflection equal to T. Page 29 of 33, —43-a oO oO © IRC: 83 (Pant) 2084 ater of Test bearing | vocseate SS [Jor bress ataten (2) TESTASSEMBLY G=(H- 4)! (&—2~ Eq) (0) SHEAR STRESS STRAIN CURVE AND G Fig 2 Determination of shear modulus * Page’30 of 33)” Aq74 74. 74. 8 84 IRC: 83 (Par i) - 2001 Load and deflection measurements shall be made at approximately equal intervals not less than 5, Evaluation 1. A shear sess strain curve shall be plotted gnd the value of shear modulus G determined as shown in Fig. 2 (0). 2 The test result shall be deemed: satisfactory if G determined is within the tolerance limit of value specified in Table 2 of the main text and provided there is no evidence of instability, defect or damage discovered by close inspection during the test ‘Test for determination of Compressive Stiffness, ‘Scope ‘The test shall determine the value of apparent Compression Stitiness E, under specified short term axial Joa ding. 82 Test Piece (One test bearing, 83 Test Procedure 83.1. Testassembly ‘As shown in Fig. 3 (a) ess platen . Pq "WAL {LZ LEZLZELZILILELLILLLLLIDILL LEZ If Test bearing — | 2 9 | —_ ress plalen Fig. 3 (a). Determination of compression stiiness Page 31 of 33, —So-) 832 833 834 835 oO a4 B44 3842 ae IRC: 83 (Pan I). 2011 Vertical deflection Velmin} 4 (F2~Fu)/ (Via Vas) Fig, 3 (b). Determination of compression stifiness Conditioning load Bearing shall be preloaded upto F,.x2. The load shall be retained for 10 minutes and unloaded upto n= 2 MPa before test loading. i Rate of loading ‘The axial load Frm is increased gradualy ata rate yielding approximately om = 5 MPa per minute. Maximum test loading Maximum test loading shall correspond to Fiat = 5.G.S.A111.5 Moasurement ‘Load and deflection measurements for complete bearing shall be made in approximately equal load intervals not less than 5. Deflection shall be measured at four edges and mean value accounted for. Evaluation ‘A compressive load deformation curve shall be plotted and the value of apparent compression stiness E, shall be determined as shown in Fig. 3 (b). ‘The test result shall be deemed satisfactory if the value of apparent compression stiness determined from the defiection between 30% and 100% of the test load is within + 20% of the value specifed by the manufactures and no discemible defect is found by visual examination. The ‘manufacturer sifbuld specify the value along with the submittal for acceptance testing programme. ‘Test for Determination of Shear Bond Page 320133 — SI=92 93 93.4 Press platen Test hranng IRC: 83 (Pant) 2014, ‘This test shail determine whether requisite adhesion exists between the elastomer and steel! laminates. Test Pi ‘Two identical bearing selected at random from the lot as fest bearing or on two identical specially moulded sample bearings of plan dimension 200mm x $oOmm and overall thickness 41mm (3 elastomer layers of thickness 8mm each, 4 reinforcing plates of thickness 3mm each, face cover 2.5mm, and side cover 4mm) as agreed upon between the manufacturer and buyer: Test Procedure Test assembly As shown In Fig. 4 Die 2xteat vos SSSA HF 9.3.2 9.3.3 94 95 954 952 Fig. 4. Determination of adhesion strength ‘Maximum test loading: F198 Cofresponding to a dm = 12 MPa is fo be held constant during the test If necessary the compressive load shall be increased to prevent slippage but it should not exceed the maximum test loading as given in 8.3.4 of Appendix 3. Horizontal loading shall be gradually increased to yield a shear stress rate of approximately 0.05 to 0.5 MPa per minute. ‘The horizontal loading 2F, shall be increased gradually upto a maximum 2F, je which corresponds to horizontal deflection equal to 2T, (Le., 58mm for the specified size 200mm x 300mm x 41mm). When, the maximum deflecton is reached (shear strain = 2) the deflecion shal be maintained for 5 min in ‘order fo allow flaws to develop. Measurement Load and deflection measurements shall be made at approximately equal intervals not less than 5 Evaluation Examine the test bearing for evidence of cracking or peeling both in the strained and unstrained state. After removal of the shear force the bearing should be examined visually, whist still under the compressive load, and any bulges which could indicate bond failure should be noted. It may be necessary to cut the @dge cover to confirm the presence of flaws arising from bond failure. If neither of the test bearings shows evidence of peeling or separation at or near the interface between rubber and reinforcement layers and there is no sign of bond failure the test shall be deemed to be satisfactory. . Page 33 of 33, —52—