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03 Jacobian Lecture Notes

The document discusses the Jacobian, which is a matrix of partial derivatives used to study how a function changes when the input variables are varied. It defines the Jacobian for functions of two and three variables. Examples are provided of computing the Jacobian for different functions and using it to prove relationships between functions. The document is from the Department of Mathematics and provides 12 example problems and solutions for computing and applying the Jacobian in different scenarios.

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Vinay Adari
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© © All Rights Reserved
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548 views8 pages

03 Jacobian Lecture Notes

The document discusses the Jacobian, which is a matrix of partial derivatives used to study how a function changes when the input variables are varied. It defines the Jacobian for functions of two and three variables. Examples are provided of computing the Jacobian for different functions and using it to prove relationships between functions. The document is from the Department of Mathematics and provides 12 example problems and solutions for computing and applying the Jacobian in different scenarios.

Uploaded by

Vinay Adari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jacobian

Jacobian:
If and are functions of two independent variables and ,
then the Jacobian of with respect to is denoted by
or and defined it by the following formula

If , & are functions of three independent variables , & z


then the Jacobian of with respect to is denoted by
or and defined it by the following formul

Department of Mathematics

Jacobian
Note:
If represents the Jacobian of w.r.t then represents the
Jacobian of w.r.t . That is if then and is

defined by the formula

If , then the functions are mutually independent.


If , then the functions are dependent and there exits a
functional relationship among them.
An important application of Jacobian is in connection with the
change of variables in multiple integrals.
If are functions of and are functions of then we
have

Department of Mathematics
Jacobian
(1). If , , then evaluate at
the point
Solution:
Given , , and

We know that

At the point ,

Department of Mathematics

Jacobian
(2). If , then find , and prove that
Solution:
Given ,
Now
We know that

Also we know that But

Now , ,
Hence
,

Department of Mathematics
Jacobian
(3). If , then prove that
Solution:
Given ,
Let , then

We know that

Now w.k.t

Also w.k.t if , then ,


Department of Mathematics

Jacobian
Now and

Now and

Now
But

Hence
Department of Mathematics
Jacobian
(4). If , , then prove that
Solution:
Given , ,

We know that

,
,

Now w.k.t
Now
Given
, ,

Department of Mathematics

Jacobian
(5). If , , then prove
Solution:
Given , ,
, ,
, ,

We know that

Department of Mathematics
Jacobian
(6). If , , then find
Solution:
Given , ,

We know that

On expanding the last row, we get

Department of Mathematics

Jacobian

Department of Mathematics
Jacobian
(7). If , , then find
Solution:
Given , ,

W. K. T

By taking , , common from


, , respectively, we get

By taking , , common
from , , respectively,
we get

Department of Mathematics

Jacobian
(8). If , , and , then find
Solution:
Given , and ,

Then W. K. T

Now

and

Now
But ,

Department of Mathematics
Jacobian
(8). If , , then find

(9). If , , then find

(10). If , , , then find

(11). Test whether the functions , are


functionally dependent or not? If so find relation between and .

(12). Test whether the functions , ,


are functionally dependent or not? If so find relation
among , and .

Department of Mathematics

Jacobian

Department of Mathematics
Jacobian

Department of Mathematics

Dr. MADHUMOHANA RAJU A B, Associate Professor, Department Mathematics

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