Machine
Learning
S. Sridhar and M. Vijayalakshmi
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Chapter 1
Introduction to Machine Learning
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Need for Machine Learning?
• BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS HAVE NUMEROUS DATA
• NEED TO ANALYZE DATA FOR TAKING DECISIONS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Popularity for Machine Learning
• HIGH VOLUME PF DATA
• REDUCED COST OF STORAGE
• AVAILABILITY OF COMPLEX ALGORITHMS AND TOOLS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
What is Machine Learning?
• “MACHINE LEARNING IS A FIELD OF STUDY THAT GIVES THE COMPUTERS TO
LEARN WITHOUT BEING EXPLICITLY PROGRAMMED”
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
What is a model?
A MODEL CAN BE ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING –
• MATHEMATICAL EQUATION
• RELATIONAL DIAGRAMS LIKE GRAPHS/TREES
• LOGICAL IF/ELSE RULES
• GROUPINGS CALLED CLUSTERS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
What is a model?
A MODEL CAN BE ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING –
• MATHEMATICAL EQUATION
• RELATIONAL DIAGRAMS LIKE GRAPHS/TREES
• LOGICAL IF/ELSE RULES
• GROUPINGS CALLED CLUSTERS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Another view of Machine Learning
• TOM MITCHELL DEFINITION OF MACHINE LEARNING
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
MCHINE LEARNING AND AI
• RELATION BETWEEN MACHINE LEARNING AND AI
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning and Data Science
• DATA SCIENCE IS AN “UMBRELLA TERM” COVERING FROM DATA
COLLECTION TO DATA ANALYSIS.
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning and Data Science
• CHARACTERISTICS OF BIG DATA
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning and Data Science
• DATA SCIENCE AND DATA MINING
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning and Data Science
• DATA SCIENCE AND DATA ANALYTICS / PATTERN RECOGNITION
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning and Statistics
ROLE OF STATISTICS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning Types
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Labelled Data
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Unlabeled Data
DATA THAT IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH LABELS ARE CALLED UNLABELLED DATA
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Supervised Learning
CLASSSIFICATION
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Supervised Learning
KEY ALGORITHMS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Supervised Learning
REGRESSION ALGORITHMS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Unsupervised Learning
CLUSTERING IS GROUPING PROCESS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Unsupervised Learning
KEY ALGORITHMS OF UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Key Differences
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Semi-supervised Learning
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Reinforcement Learning
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Challenges of Machine Learning
1. ILL-POSED PROBLEMS – PROBLEMS WHOSE SPECIFICATIONS ARE NOT CLEAR
2. HUGE DATA
3. HUGE COMPUTATION POWER
4. COMPLEXITY OF ALGORITHMS
5. BIAS-VARIANCE
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning Process
MACHINE LEARNING/DATA MINING PROCESS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning Applications
MACHINE LEARNING MAJOR APPLICATIONS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Machine Learning Applications
MACHINE LEARNING MAJOR APPLICATIONS
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Summary
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
Summary
© Oxford University Press 2021. All rights reserved
