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Preparing Salts

This document provides instructions for preparing soluble and insoluble salts. It outlines that most chlorides, nitrates, and sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble. For making a soluble salt from an acid, the document describes reacting a dilute acid with an insoluble substance and obtaining crystals through filtration and crystallization. It also describes neutralization reactions between acids and bases. Examples of different salt forming reactions like single displacement and precipitation are also given.

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227 views7 pages

Preparing Salts

This document provides instructions for preparing soluble and insoluble salts. It outlines that most chlorides, nitrates, and sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble. For making a soluble salt from an acid, the document describes reacting a dilute acid with an insoluble substance and obtaining crystals through filtration and crystallization. It also describes neutralization reactions between acids and bases. Examples of different salt forming reactions like single displacement and precipitation are also given.

Uploaded by

Nkp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PREPARING SALTS

Natasha Hannah
All chlorides
except silver
All nitrates
All sodium, and lead
potassium and chlorides
ammonium salts

SOLUBLE SALTS
Only sodium,
potassium and
All sulfates ammonium
except calcium, carbonates. All
barium and other
lead sulfates carbonates are
insoluble
MAKING A SOLUBLE SALT FROM AN ACID
STEP 1 STEP 2
• Add dilute acid Choose an insoluble reactant
such as:
for sulfates, add sulfuric acid
• Metals
for chlorides, add hydrochloric acid
• An insoluble base
for nitrates, add nitric acid
• An insoluble carbonate
for phosphates, add phosphoric acid
• A soluble base
MAKING A SOLUBLE SALT FROM AN ACID
IF REACTANT IS INSOLUBLE IN STEP 2
1. React the excess reactant with dilute 3. Heat the filtrate to obtain a saturated
acid to ensure all the acid reacts. solution.
2. Filter the solution. Insoluble solid
remains in the filter paper and
aqueous solution of salt passes
4. Check using a glass rod. If crystals form on
through the glass rod, heating can be stopped since the
solution is already saturated.
5. Leave the solution to cool
6. Filter the crystals
7. Wash the crystals with distilled water
8. Dry the crystals. Some ways to dry the
crystals are to:
- dry in an oven - dry under the sun
- use filter paper
MAKING A SOLUBLE SALT FROM AN ACID
IF REACTANT IS SOLUBLE IN STEP 2
1. Measure 25ml of acid/alkaline solution with a 4. Obtain crystals by heating the
pipette. Add the solution into a beaker and
add an indicator (phenolphthalein) solution to evaporate all the water.
2. Carry out titration to see how much
acid/alkali is needed. Add the acid/alkali drop
by drop and note down the volume of
acid/alkali used when the indicator changes
color.
3. Repeat the titration without the indicator and
add the same volume of acid/alkali you did as
before.
EXAMPLES OF REACTIONS TO MAKE A SALT
1. Metal + acid

zinc + sulfuric acid zinc sulfate + hydrogen

2. Insoluble base + acid

copper (II) oxide + sulfuric acid copper (II) sulfate + water

3. Insoluble carbonate + acid

magnesium carbonate + nitric acid magnesium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

4. Neutralization (acid + alkali)

sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + water


MAKING AN INSOLUBLE SALT
An insoluble salt is made by precipitation.
The steps for precipitation are:
1. Add an excess of one solution to the other,
a precipitate (salt) forms.
2. Filter the solution to separate the precipitate.
3. Wash the precipitate with distilled water
to remove unwanted reactants.
4. Dry the salt in an oven

Example:
silver nitrate + sodium chloride silver chloride + sodium nitrate
In this reaction, only the silver and chloride ions react, the rest are called “spectator ions” since
they do not react.

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