FORENSIC SCIENCE FINAL COACHING

Prepared by: Prof. Karolina Erika A. Buted

(SET A)
I. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION c. Plain whorl
d. Tented arch
1. What principle in fingerprint identification that
cannot be questioned after investigation? 6. What is the easiest method in preserving a
a. Fingerprinting is accessible fingerprint using powder in order to stick to the oil of
b. No two persons have identical the fingerprint?
fingerprint a. Lifting
c. All crimes can be solved thru fingerprinting b. Sealing
d. Fingerprinting is accepted worldwide c. Drying
d. Dusting
francis galton → 1:64 B 7. Who was the French criminologist that
3 families invented the first scientific approach to identify
LOOPS →60% criminals?
WHORLS → 35% a. Alphonse Bertillon →bertillon system
ARCHES → 5% west brother’s case → discredited the use of
anthropometry
8 standard patterns fingerprint --, identification
Loops → ulnar, radial b. Edward Galton
Whorls → plain whorl, central pocket loop whorl, double c. Edmond Locard → sherlock holmes of France
loop whorl, accidental whorl father of poroscopy
Arches → plain arch, tented arch locard’s exchange principle
“every contact leaves a trace”
2. What PRINCIPLE in fingerprint identification is d. James Herschel → father of chiroscopy
not determined by its general shape or pattern only? rajyadhar konai
a. Infallibility → never wrong // cannot be forged
b. Credibility Japan → tegata
c. Permanency → womb to tomb
3-4 months of fetus → starts to devlop Chinese → Te in Shi
5-6 months of fetus → fully developed Lo -whorls
d. Individuality Ki - loops

3. Which of the following statements that can 8. Which of the following is the point in a loop pattern
best describe loop pattern? that is composed of two (2) separate and distinct sets
a. One (1) core at the point of divergence of shoulders and with two (2) deltas?
b. It has bifurcation as the delta a. Double loop whorl
c. Presence of one (1) sufficient recurving b. Accidental whorl
ridge
d. No bifurcation is found c. Double loop delta
d. Double loop ridges
4. In fingerprint classification, what symbolizes
the letter “W” consisting of one or more ridges that tend 9. What is the tiny portion with a hill-like
to make a complete circuit? structure in the epidermis of friction skin that contains
a. Loops sweat with pores (lumalabas ang pawis) appearing as
b. Plain whorl → imaginary line touches the black lines in fingerprint image?
circuiting ridge a. Cores
central pocket → it does not touch b. Furrows → depressed
c. Double loop whorl c. Delta
d. Ridges d. Ridges

5. What pattern is NOT included in an accidental sweat duct → passageway of sweat

whorl type pattern? sweat glands
a. Ulnar loop
b. Plain arch

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10. What pattern is considered when a loop is c. Stewart
NOT available for key classification? (ridge count of the d. Galton
first loop)
a. Tented arch 18. What is the point in fingerprint where a ridge
b. Whorl divides and form two ridges?
c. Ridges a. Ridge ending
d. Delta b. Minutiae/ galton’s detail/ ridge characteristics
c. Ridge counting
11. What type of bifurcation with one short ridge d. Bifurcation
and branching iff a longer ridge?
a. Whirl 19. What is a single ridge that curves back to the
b. Delta direction from where it started?
c. Spurs a. Ending
d. Loop b. Diverging
c. Recurving
12. What helps investigators to track criminal d. Appendage
records of previous crimes committed, arrests and
convictions and admissible to court to prove that the 20. In 1882, who was the American typographer
defendant is guilty? and the first known to use his fingerprints in order to
a. Police report prevent forgery in the United States?
b. Fingerprint a. Robert James Pitts -man without fingerprints
c. Witness dr. leopold Brandenburg
d. Items used in crime b. Gilbert Thompson
13. What kind of FINGERPRINT is found in soft c. Alphonse Bertillon
and sticky objects such as wax that be presented in d. Calvin Goddard
court?
a. Visible --? Patent → can be seen by the naked 21. What is the SYSTEM in assigning number and
eye letters non specific general pattern, shape, limited ridge
b. Abstract flow and some limited ridge counts between common
c. Semi-visible plastic prints and landmarks?
d. Invisible→ latent prints a. Classification Pointers
smudge prints → sliding motion b. Natural classification output
fragmentary prints → incomplete prints c. Fingerprint classification formula
chance prints → left unconsciously/accidentally at the d. Fingerprint boarder lines
cs
22. What is used in an investigation of crimes and
14. What DIVISION is composed of the pattern presentation in court in order to connect a suspect
types present in the index fingers, the number 2 and to the crime to show that the evidence cannot be
number 7? questioned?
a. Sub-secondary a. Witness
b. Tertiary b. Clothes
c. Secondary c. Fingerprint
d. Primary → whorls → value d. Gun
all fingers
23. __________ are tiny portions or is a hill-like
15. In the presentation of fingerprints in court, structure found on the epidermis of friction skin
who decides if the evidence will be approved? containing sweat, with pores appearing as black lines in
a. Fingerprint examiner a fingerprint impression.
b. Defense a. Imaginary Lines
c. Judge b. Furrows
d. Prosecutor c. Black Lines
d. Ridges
16. Most of the time, a suspect will leave behind
evidence known as latent print which are made up of 24. What is that two innermost ridges running
what substance? parallel with each other and diverging at a certain point
a. Furrows of the skin surrounding the pattern area?
b. Sweat and oil of the skin’s surface a. Pattern Area
c. Ridge formation b. Divergence
d. Ridges of the skin c. Convergence
d. Type lines
17. What classification SYSTEM in fingerprint that
assigns each finger according to the order of location 25. When the innermost sufficient recurve
starting with the right thumb as to number one (1) to contains no ending ridge or rod rising as high as the
the left little finger as number ten (10)? shoulder of the loop, the Core is placed on the shoulder
a. Henry of the loop farther from the Delta.
b. Edward a. True

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b. False Inner → RT → 3 OR MORE (ABOVE OR INSIDE THE
c. Partially True RIGHT DELTA)
d. Partially false MEETING → RT 2 OR LESS (ABOVE OR BELOW)
OUTER → RT → 3 OR MORE (BELOW OR OUTSIDE THE
26. He discovered the three families of fingerprint RIGHT DELTA)
patterns.
a. Govard Bidloo LOOP → RIDGE COUNT
b. Dr. Marcelo Malpighi IO
c. J.C.A. Mayer INDEX
d. Francis Galton INNER → 1-9 RC
OUTER → 10 OR MORE
27. It appears after the sub-secondary MIDDLE
classification at the extreme right portion of the INNER → 1-10
classification formula. OUTER → 11 OR MORE
a. Secondary Classification RING
b. Key Classification INNER → 1-13
c. Primary Classification OUTER → 14 OR MORE
d. Final Classification
MAJOR
P S Ss M F K THUMB
LEFT THUMB
K M P S Ss F WHORL?
LOOP?
PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION
ALL FINGERS WHORL → RIDGE TRACING
WHORLS → VALUE IMO
LOOPS AND ARCHES → 0 NO VALUE Inner → RT → 3 OR MORE (ABOVE OR INSIDE THE
RIGHT DELTA)
1&2 → 16 MEETING → RT 2 OR LESS (ABOVE OR BELOW)
3&4 → 8 OUTER → RT → 3 OR MORE (BELOW OR OUTSIDE THE
5&6 → 4 RIGHT DELTA)
7&8 → 2
9&10 → 1 LOOP
LEFT THUMB
+1/1 TABLE 1/A
WHAT IS THE VALUE IF THE PATTERN IS A 1-11 ➔ SMALL
WHORL, IF THE FINGER IS 4 BLOCKS AWAY 12-16 → MEDIUM
FROM FINGER NO. 2. In the primary division. 17 OR MORE ➔ LARGE

Left thumb/ 6 → 4 KAPAG ANG LEFT THUMB AY LARGE OR MAY RC NA 17

OR MORE, ANG GAGAMITIN NA TABLE SA RIGHT
Amputated → plain whorl with meeting tracing THUMB AY TABLE 2/B
Primary classification
32/32 KAPAG ANG LEFT THUMB AY MEDIUM OR SMALL . OR
16 OR LESS ANG RC, ANG GAGAMITIN NA TABLE SA
If all the fingers are loops and arches → 1/1 RIGHT THUMB AY TABLE 1/A

TABLE 2/B
1-17 → SMALL
18-22→ MEDIUM
23 OR MORE → LARGE

SECONDARY CLASSIFICATION FINAL CLASSIFICATION

ALL FINGERS LITTLE FINGER
CAPITAL LETTER → index (both fingers) ➔ WATUR
(CDX → W)
Small letter → THUMB, MIDDLE, RING, LITTLE → rat

SUB SECONDARY
Index, middle, ring finger RIGHT LITTLE FINGER
Loops?
Whorl? PLAIN WHORL /CENTRAL POCKET WHORL → TREATED
AS AN ULNAR LOOP
ACCIDENTAL → GET THE LEAST RIDGE COUNT
WHORL → RIDGE TRACING DOUBLE LOOP ➔ TOP LOOP
IMO

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KEY 35. Fingerprints offer an _______ means of
personal identification
➔ RC OF THE FIRST LOOP a. Infallible
➔ WHORL b. Reliable
➔ ARCH → NO VALUE c. Dependable
d. All of these
36. When there is a choice between a bifurcation
28. What is that epidermal hairless skin found on and another type of delta, the bifurcation is selected.
the lower surface of the hands and feet covered with a. True
minute ridges? b. False
a. Polydactyl skin c. Maybe
b. Friction Skin d. Partially True
BIOLOGIST → VOLAR SKIN
c. Epidermis 37. Damage to the dermis will not result to
d. Flexure line permanent ridge destruction.MORE THAN 1MM
a. True
29. What fingerprint pattern does not have ridge b. False
count? c. Possibly True
a. Whorls d. Possibly False
b. Arches
c. Radial loop 38. It refers to a bone condition wherein the finger
d. Ulnar Loop joints cannot be bent.
a. Ankylosis
30. What corresponds to the study of the palms of b. Chiroscopy
the hands? c. Calcar
a. Plantar d. Webb Finger
b. Palmar
c. Furrows polydactyl
d. Chiroscopy → FATHER --, WILLIAM poly → many
HERSCHEL dactyl → latin term → finger // dactylus
daktyl → daktylos → greek
31. The Secondary Classification of the Thumb, post axial
Middle, Ring and Little fingers must be written in small pre axial
letters. central
a. True
b. False macrodactyly
c. Partially True macrodactyly
d. Partially False
39. If the ridge counting of a loop in the Index
32. He is a notorious gangster and a police finger is eleven (11), what must be the symbol for
character who attempted to erase his fingerprint by purposes of the Sub-Secondary classification?
burning it with acid. a. I
a. Robert James Pitts b. M
b. William West c. O
c. Will West d. L
d. John Dillinger
FACIAL SURGERY → SNAKE EYES 40. It refers to the insertion on a fingerprint card
ANNA SAGE → BIOGRAPH THEATER the results of the interpretation of all ten patterns.
Represented by letters, symbols or numbers on the
33. A short ridge found on top or summit of the card required for each of the rolled prints.
recurve: a. Blocking Out
a. obstruction c. appendage b. Ridge counting
b. bar d. rod c. Ridge tracing
d. None of these
34. When the innermost sufficient recurve
contains an uneven number of rods rising as high as W
the shoulders of the loop, the core is placed upon the C
end of the center rod whether it touches the looping D
ridge or not. X
a. True A
b. False T
c. Partially True /\
d. Partially False
Hand → right →
Radial /
Ulnar \

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 a. Table 1/a
Left b. Table 2/b
Radial ==\ c. Any of the above
Ulnar → / d. None of the above

41. It is the process of counting ridges that cross 49. What shall be the complete classification
or touch an imaginary line drawn between the delta and formula if the right fingers are all radial loop, all with
core of a loop. the ridge count of 10, and the left fingers are all
a. Ridge counting → loop pattern amputated.
b. Ridge tracing → whorl a. 10 S 1 OII rR3r 10
c. Ridge Ending b. 10 M III RRR 10
d. None of these c. 10 S 1 rR3r 10
d. M M MMM 10
42. For purposes of the Primary Classification, the
Right Index and Left Middle are intended as Numerator. 10 S 1 rR3rOII 10
a. True
b. False
c. Partially True primary classification
d. Partially false 1/1

numerator → even number fingers (2 4 6 8 10) Secondary classification

denominator → odd number fingers ( 1 3 5 7 9 ) Capital letter WATUR

43. In deriving primary division, what shall be the

numerical value assigned to a pair of whorl patterns
appearing 2 blocks after finger number 3.
a. 8 50. It refers to the number of ridges that appears
b. 4 between the tracing ridge and the right delta of a whorl
c. 2 pattern.
d. 1 a. Ridge Count
c. Intervening Ridge
44. In fingerprint classification, what should be b. Incipient ridge
the major division if all fingers from the right hand are d. Ridge tracing
radial loop patterns and with the ridge count of 18,
while the left fingers were all missing at birth: II. FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
a. M/M
b. L/L 1. In police photography, in order to show the details
c. M/L of the crime by taking the individual photography of
d. L/M every evidence at the scene of the crime, what type of
LENS is used by the police investigations?
45. The numerical value of the right thumb and a. Telephoto → ,surveillance
right index for purposes of primary classification is- b. Single
a. 16 c. Zoom → variable focal length
b. 8 convex lens/positive lens/ converging lens → enlarge
c. 4 the subject
d. 2 concave lens / negative / diverging lens _. Reduce the
size subject
46. If the Ridge count of the Ring finger is 16, d. Double
what is the symbol for purposes of the Sub-Secondary
Classification? SLR → single lens reflex camera
a. I
b. O 2. After the capturing of image needed for
c. M investigations, what is an important procedure the
d. L police photographer must do?
a. To show to friends
47. There are two ways to identify people: one by b. To document
comparison and the other is by _____________ c. To keep
a. Ordinary means d. To show to friends
b. Scientific means
c. Exclusion 3. What KIND of light is already existing in an indoor or
d. Deduction outdoor setting that is NOT caused by any illumination
law of multiplicity of evidence supplied by the photographer?
a. Split
48. In major classification, which table would you b. Steady
use for right thumb if the left thumb has a ridge count c. Ambient
of seventeen. d. Short

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 a. Niepce → heliograph → 8 hours
4. What process an investigator MUST do in order to b. Gabor
make the captured image available anytime when c. Zahn
needed for the investigation? d. Mozi
a. Collating
b. Collection louis Daguerre → daguerreotype → first practical
c. Preservation process → 20-30 minutes
d. Visualizing
13. Who designed the FIRST camera in 1685?
5. In to be admitted in court as evidence, it must have a. Mozi
a probable value to the case. Aside from relevance what b. Ibn al-Haytham → camera obscura
is the other basic requirement? c. Nicephore Niepce
a. Authenticity d. Johann Zahn
b. Size
c. Paper used 14. What CONTROLS the duration between the opening
d. Color and closing the shutter of a camera?
a. Shutter speed
6. Aside from being authentic, what other requirement b. Shutter mechanism
for a photograph be admissible as evidence? c. Shutter controller
a. Colorful d. Shutter lift
b. Correct size
c. Clear 15. Which of the following parts of a camera is used to
d. Relevant bring light to a fixed focal point?
a. Filter
7. What PART of a camera that indicates the timing of b. Lens
the shutter (barrier) to open and close, sets the length c. Shutter
of time in which the lights allowed to enter the camera? d. Light finder
a. Shutter release button
b. Shutter speed dial 16. Who among the following invented the hologram in
c. Shutter 1948 which is the creation of unique photographic
d. Shutter lock image without the use of lens?
a. Nicephore Niepce
8. What refers to the small rectangular opening found b. Theodore Jude
on top f the camera which allows the photographer to c. Alfred Steichen
compose and frame the shot? d. Dennis Gabor
a. Image sensor
b. View finder 17. How will the police photographer fix a captured
c. Aperture image in order for preservation?
d. Shutter a. Permanently
9. Before a photograph can be introduced as evidence, b. Carefully
aside from being properly identified what must be c. Beautifully
shown? d. Beautifully
a. Immaterial
b. Accuracy 18. What part of a digital-single-lens reflex (DSLR) that
c. Clear converts the light into electrical signal at the start of
d. Irrelevant forming digital image?
a. Charged-coupled device
10. Which crime scene photography consists of BASIC b. Digital signal processor
types of photographs, which of the following is NOT c. Analogue-to-digital converter
included? d. Central processor
a. Close-up
b. Over-all
c. Mid-range 19. What is the most important part of a camera that
d. From top to bottom determines the quality of image and responsible in
focusing the light from the subject?
11. There are several METHODS used by law a. Lens
enforcement agencies, which is NOT a basic crime b. Sensor
scene search pattern? c. Shutter
a. Line d. Aperture → lens opening
b. Strip
c. Grid 20. What refers to the small rectangular opening found
d. Quadrant on top of the camera which allows the photographer to
compose and frame the shot?
12. The “View From the Window at Le Gras” is a a. Aperture
holographic image and considered to be the oldest b. Shutter
surviving photograph and it was created by ____. c. View finder

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d. Image sensor d. View finder
29. At least three photos must be taken of every
21. What must be included photographing the evidence evidence, which is not included in the following?
in order to determine the exact size? a. Medium view
a. Wires b. Close-up
b. Scale c. Wide-angle view
c. Illustration d. Over-all scene
d. Drawing
30. What is the first setting a photographer considers
22. A police investigator must know that he can freeze when photographing anything at the crime scene in
a moving object to help him visualize its position at any order because it controls the focus?
given moment, what kind of shutter will produce the a. Shutter
image? b. Cable release
a. Fast c. View finder
b. Slow d. Aperture
c. Normal
d. General 31. What part of a camera with central aperture is
adjustable for its size in the amount of light to enter the
23. In taking photographs, what type of SHOT must an lens or optical system?
investigator produce the entire image of the crime a. Diaphragm
scene to be used during the investigation? b. Shutter speed dial
a. Wide-angle c. Shutter
b. Normal d. Shutter release
c. Bright 32. What is the photographical process that will aid an
d. Clear investigator on how to handle and what environmental
condition is needed for presentation?
24. When MUST investigators place evidence markers a. Identification
while taking photographs? b. Keeping
a. Before taking shot c. Keeping
b. Do not place evidence markers d. Collection
c. After and shoot again 33. What type of lens can be used to take very close up
d. After taking shots image of small evidence such as tool marks or trace
evidence?
scale → take a photo of the evidence → no scale a. Normal
and then with scale b. Micro
c. Focusing
25. When the lighting in the crime scene is not enough d. Macro
produce the desired image for investigation, what can 34. Which of the following is NOT a reason why a
an investigator do? photographic evidence is admissible?
a. Change the bulb a. Accurate
b. Change the camera b. Irrelevant
c. Use a flash c. Relevant
d. Return to the base d. Authentic
35. It is the process of reduction in which exposed silver
26. What are useful in supplying significant view with halides are reduced into metallic silver.
exact measurement of crime scene and location where a. Development
crime occurred? b. Printing
a. Police exhibits c. Reduction
b. Printed material d. Crop
c. Photographs 36. An intermediate bath between the developer and
d. Photographs the fixer. It is usually a combination of water plus acetic
acid or just plain water. Its function is to prevent the
27. While taking picture of a victim, location, and contamination of two chemicals.
injuries, what MUST an investigator do with the images a. Stop Bath
taken? b. Fixation
a. To keep c. Development
b. To highlight d. Reduction
c. To protect 37. It is the process of removing unexposed silver
d. To bring to the station halide remaining in the emulsion after the first stage of
development of the latent image.
28. What is an important player in determining the lens a. Stop Bath
opening because its quality can limit the effective b. Fixation
maximum opening called “the maximum aperture”? c. Development
a. Condenser d. Reduction
b. Focusing mechanism 38. It is a Reducer or developing agent
c. Lens a. Elon

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b. Hydroquinone c. Emulsion
c. Sodium Sulfite d. Spectral Sensitivity
d. A or B 49. A lens defect which is the inability to focus both
39. It is use as preservative in the Development horizontal and vertical plane at the same time lines
process. running different directions.
a. Sodium Sulfite a. Chromatic Aberration
b. Hydroquinone b. Astigmatism
c. Potassium Bromide c. Coma
d. Sodium Carbonate d. Curvature of Field
40. It is use as accelerator in the chemical processes. 50. It has a fast speed and is recommended for
a. Sodium Carbonate projection printing and enlarging.
b. Hydroquinone a. Chloride Paper
c. Potassium bromide b. Bromide Paper
d. Sodium Bromide c. Chloro-bromide Paper
41. It is a Dissolving agent in the fixer solution. d. Exposure Latitude
a. Hypo/Sodium thiosulphate
b. Hydroquinone III. LIE DETECTION TECHNIQUES
c. Potassium Bromide
d. Sodium Bromide 1. What can an examiner detects during the
42. Which among the following chemical is use as process of polygraph examination?
neutralizer? a. Competency
a. Boric Acid b. Deception
b. Acetic Acid c. Psychological
c. Potassium Alum d. Mental disorder
d. A or B 2. When should a polygraph examiner perform
chart probing and determine the truthfulness of the
43. It is a picture of small object taken through a subject?
microscope and generally has a magnification of more a. At the end of each polygraph test
than 50 times. b. During the onset of the polygraph examination
a. Photomicrography c. When the subject is relaxed
b. Photomacrography d. While questioning is on-going
c. Infra- Red Photography
d. Ultra-violet Photography 3. What would be the most helpful to crime
44. This is sensitive to ultraviolet and blue light only. investigation using the polygraph examination?
a. Panchromatic a. The subject is willing to undergo test
b. Orthochromatic b. Several direct pieces of evidence are available
c. Infra-red against the suspect but not enough to establish the
d. X-ray guilt
c. The investigations need to know the truth
Blue Sensitive light d. The investigators must connect the suspect to
the crime
45. It is sensitive to all colors particularly red and red
light. 4. What is the normal emotional response
a. Panchromatic induced by specific threat or danger which is most of
b. Orthochromatic the time beyond one’s defensive power?
c. Infra-red a. Panic
d. X-ray b. Confidence
46. It is placed between the emulsion and the plastic c. Response
base of a film to prevent whatever light that passed d. Fear
through the emulsion and reflected by the base back to
the emulsion which forms a halo effect. 5. What is an unpleasant often strong emotion
a. Base caused by anticipation or awareness of danger when a
b. Emulsion subject subjected to polygraph examination?
c. Anti-halation Backing a. Fear
d. Spectral Sensitivity b. Panic
47. It has a slow speed and it is suited for contact c. Irritation
printing. d. Nervousness
a. Chloride Paper
b. Bromide Paper 6. When the subject keeps on rocking his chair,
c. Chloro-Bromide paper what will be in the mind of the investigator on the
d. Exposure Latitude subject’s reaction?
48. It consists of crystals of light-sensitive compounds a. Fear
(silver nitrate) evenly distributed throughout plastic b. Irritation
base material. c. Nervousness
a. Base d. Panic
b. Anti-halation Backing

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7. What part or component of a polygraph c. Actual Interrogation
machine that records the speed and force of the chest d. Lie Detection Test
when breathing while the subject is questioned?
a. Galvanometer 17. Which among the following is not a required
b. Pneumograph qualification for a polygraph examiner?
c. Cardiosphygmograph a. Criminology Graduate
d. Kymograph b. Honesty
c. Technical Know How
8. What component in a polygraph machine that d. Integrity and Morals
records graphically the movement of the heart and
radial pulse? 18. Which among the forgoing is not a part in the
a. Pneumograph conduct of a polygraph examination?
b. Cardio-sphygmograph a. Pre-test Interview
c. Kymograph b. Instrumental Test
d. Cardiometer c. Post-Test Interview
9. “Is this muddy pair of rubber shoes yours?” is d. Psychological Test
what type of question?
a. Irrelevant 19. Which among the following statement is not
b. Control among the limitations of the polygraph?
c. Relevant a. It is only as accurate as the examiner is
d. Conclusive competent.
10. “Did you ever hurt your wife?” is what type of b. It is admissible as evidence
question? c. It is an aid and not a substitute for
a. Conclusive investigation.
b. Irrelevant d. It is a scientific diagnostic instrument which
c. Control records responses.
d. Relevant
20. An invaluable aid in investigation and an
11. What type of question when an investigator instrument in the detection of deception.
ask a suspect of rape “Are you left handed?” a. Photography
a. Irrelevant b. Chemistry
b. Conclusive c. Lie Detection → polygraphy
c. Relevant lie detector/ truth verifier
d. Control d. Medicine

12. “Is this shotgun yours?” is what type of 21. Questions in connection to the matter under
question? investigation.
a. Irrelevant a. Relevant
b. Relevant b. Supplementary
c. Conclusive c. Control
d. Control d. Relevant → specific response
13. When kymograph tracings show high, what it strong relevant/ primary → direct involvement
indicates? → single issue
a. Increased sweat production weak relevant / secondary → participation →
b. Low pulse rate multiple issue
c. Increased movement of muscles evidence connecting question → pieces of
d. Low blood pressure evidence → CS
knowledge question → “do you know..” →
14. When a decreased in the cardiograph shows knowledge or information regarding the case
what indication? under investigation
a. Pulse rate is high
b. Blood pressure is low 22. It refers to query having no bearing or
c. Increase in muscle movement weight to the case under investigation.
d. Increased in sweat production a. Relevant Question
b. Supplementary Questions
15. When no increase or decrease in cardiograph c. Control Question
tracings, what is the indication? d. Irrelevant Question/ neutral question
a. Pulse rate is high establish the normal response
b. Increased sweat production identity / obvious
c. Blood pressure is normal YES
d. Increased muscle movement
23. It is an act of deceiving or misleading
16. An examination wherein an informal interview committed by a person usually accompanied by lying.
of the subject is undertaken between 20 to 30 minutes. a. Admission
a. Post-test Interrogation b. Lying
b. Pre-test Interview c. Deception

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d. Confession c. Stimuli
d. Fear

31. It refers to an emotional response to a specific

danger which appears to go beyond a person’s
defensive power.
a. Response
b. Deception
24. A test undertaken when the subject is not c. Stimuli
aware of the details of the offense for which he is under d. Fear
scrutiny.
a. Guilt Complex Test 32. This component drives the chart paper under
b. Silent Answer Test the recording pen simultaneously at the rate of 6 to 12
c. Peak of Tension Test inches per minute.
d. Narrative a. Cardiosphygmograph
b. Kymograph
searching peak of tension test → even the investigators c. Stimuli
does not know the information d. Fear
known solution peak of tension test → investigators
already know the information → confirm → subject

25. It is a tracing on the chart wherein the subject 33. It records the subject’s skin resistance to a
answered in the irrelevant question. small amount of electricity.
a. Normal Tracing a. Cardiosphygmograph
b. Normal Response b. Sphygmomanometer
c. Specific Response → relevant questions c. Galvanograph → electrodermal activity
d. Response d. Kymograph

26. This test uses Hyoscine Hydrobromide 34. A kind of lie wherein a person assumes
Drug that is administered hypodermically which another identity to deceive others.
produces a state of delirium. a. Black lie
a. Hypnotism → franz anton mesmer b. White lie → benign lie – used to maintain
b. Narco-analysis → sodium amytal / sodium harmonious relationship
pentothal c. Red lie → propaganda
c. Narco-synthesis d. Malicious lie → mislead → justice → perjury /
d. Administration of truth serum false testimony → on a judicial proceeding

27. It is any deviation from the normal tracing of 35. What is the primary objective of the post-test
the subject. interview?
a. Normal Response a. To thank the subject
b. Specific Response b. To obtain confession
c. Polygrams c. To make the subject calm → pre test
d. Response d. To explain polygraph test procedures → pre
test
comparison → stronger → truthful → numerical scoring
(+) 36. What is the purpose of the pre-test
relevant question → stronger → deceptive → (-) interview?
a. To prepare the subject for polygraph
28. Psychological Response to any demand. test
a. Reaction b. To obtain confession
b. Stress c. To make the subject calm
c. Pressure d. To explain polygraph test procedures
d. All of the above
37. Test undertaken when both relevant and
29. He states that FEAR influenced the heart and control questions are similar in degree and consistency.
could be used as a basis for detecting deception. a. Guilt complex test → purely fictitious →
a. Marston → systolic blood pressure also used for overly responsive subjects
b. Larson → breadboard polygraph b. Silent answer test → instructed not answer -
leonarde keeler → galvanograph → answer mentally
c. Mosso c. Peak of tension test
d. Veraguth d. None of the above

30. An inhibition of a previous activity of an 38. Did you hide Senator Lacson in your in your
organism as a result of stimulation. beach resort? It is an example of –
a. Response a. Control question
b. Reaction b. Irrelevant question

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c. Relevant question c. Kymograph
d. Leading question d. Galvanograph

39. He developed the systolic blood pressure 46. He invented the Pneumograph component of
method for detecting deception. the Lie detector machine.
a. William Marston a. Vittorio Benussi
b. Harold Burtt b. John Larson
c. John Larson c. Cesare Lombroso
d. Leonard Keeler d. William Marston

40. Who first incorporated the galvanograph with 47. The term polygraph was first used in 1906 by
measurement, respiration component and blood James MacKenzie in his invention the “ink polygraph”,
pressure? which was used for medical purposes.
a. Harold Burtt a. William Marston
b. Hans Gross b. John Larson
c. Leonarde Keeler c. Cesare Lombroso
d. John Larson d. James Mackenzie → clinical ink
polygraph
41. A primitive practice of detecting deception
whereby controversies are settled by means of duel, 48. The following are methods of detection of
the victor will be spared from consequences and the deception except:
loser will be pronounce guilty. a. Devices which record the psycho-physiological
a. Ordeal → dei indicum → miraculous decision responses → polygraph
// divine intervention b. Use of drugs that try to inhibit the inhibitor →
b. Trial by Combat narcoanalysis/ truth serum
c. Combat c. Hypnotism
d. None of these d. Torture → corporal punishment
capital punishment → death
42. It is a force or motion reaching the organism
and excites the receptors. 49. It primarily controls the motor and sensory
a. Stimulus → sa polygraph exam → functions that occur at or above the threshold. (brain
question asked and spinal cord)
brain → hypothalamus → it will decide whether a. Central Nervous System
the question is threat or not b. Autonomic Nervous System → physiological
threat → activate → SYMPATHETIC NS → flight functions → hindi natin kyang pigilan → blood
and fight response circulation, pagtibok ng puso, digestive system
PARASYMPATHETIC NS → responsible for the c. Muscular System
returning of our body to normal conditioning // d. Reproductive System
maintain homeostasis → internal equilibrium
b. Reaction 50. The parasympathetic nervous system works to
c. Deception restore things to normal when the condition of stress
d. Detection has been removed. It is dominant branch when the
condition is normal and the subject is calm, contented
and relaxed.
43. Within the U.S. Federal Government, a a. True
polygraph examination is also referred to as- b. Partially True
a. Psycho physiological Detection of c. False
Deception d. Partially False
b. PDD statement → . → TRUE OR FALSE
c. Psychological Detection of Detection question → ? → YES OR NO
d. Federal Scientific Detection of Deception

44. He invented the first scientific instrument to

detect deception.
a. Cesare Lombroso →
hydrosphygmograph
b. Cesare Beccaria
c. William Marston
d. Vittorio Benussi

45. An instrument that graphically measures an

examinee’s inhalation and exhalation. IV. FORENSIC BALLISTICS
a. Pneumograph → rubber convoluted tube
→ 10 inches → upper pneumograph and lower 51. Which of the following is the science that deals
pneumograph with the launching, flight behavior and impact effects
b. Spygmograph of projectile?

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a. Internal ballistics b. Ricochet
b. Ballistics c. Trajectory
c. Terminal ballistics d. Swaging
d. Eternal ballistics
misfire → failure of the primer to ignite
52. What is the motion or curve path of the bullet
during in flight from the gun muzzle to the target?
a. Rifling
b. Swaging 57. What part of a cartridge which are made if
c. Ricochet copper or brass alloy that initiates the combustion of
d. Trajectory the gun powder?
a. Primer
RANGE → DISTANCE BETWEEN THE MUZZLE THE GUN b. Rifling
→ TARGET c. Flash holes
ACCURATE RANGE → GUNNER HAS STILL CONTROL d. Hammer
OF HIS SHOTS
MAXIMUM RANGE → FARTHEST DISTANCE THAT 58. What is the term used for the measurement of
BULLET COULD TRAVEL the bore diameter?
EFFECTIVE RANGE → DISTANCE → INJURE a. Striation
MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE → FATHERST DISTANCE b. Drift
→ INJURE PA c. Caliber
d. Gauge → shotgun

59. Which of the following is a complete unfired

round of ammunition which contains a bullet, case,
primer, and gun powder which can be used by
investigators for examining a gun?
APOGEE → HIGHEST REACH OF THE BULLET WHEN a. Muzzle
FIRED UPWARDS b. Cartridge
c. Rifling
KEYHOLE SHOT d. Casing
SOUVENIR BULLET → BULLET LEFT LODGED IN THE
BODY 60. What is a blasting explosive that is based in
BULLET MIGRATION nitroglycerine?
a. Black powder
b. Ammonium nitrate
c. Dynamite
d. Low explosives
53. In order to ascertain the real shooter, Forensic
Ballistics has the potential to assist investigation, what single based gun powder → nitrocellulose
can be determined after thorough investigation in double based → nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine
connection to the suspect? triple based -→ nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine +
a. Identity nitroguanidine
b. Gender
c. Nationality 61. What branch of BALLISTICS that deals with
d. Age the movement or behavior of a projectile in flight or the
moment it goes out from the muzzle of a firearm?
54. How should police investigator pick up a a. Initial
firearm left by the suspect of a crime? b. External
a. Picking up through the handle c. Internal
b. Picking up through the barrel d. Final
c. Picking up with bare hands and put in his bag
d. Inserting a straw in the trigger guard of 62. What is the chemical reaction caused by
the gun powder gases and combustion residue, heat from
burning propellant or pressure of powder gases
55. What is a short barreled firearm, having a combustion?
magazine enclosed in its grip? a. Erosion → excessive use
a. Riffle b. Corrosion → rusting
b. Revolver c. Decomposition
c. Machine gun d. Disintegration
d. Pistol
63. What consist spiral grooves inside the barrel
56. What is an unexpected delay in the of a gun causing the bullet to spin during its flight to
triggering of a firearm and the ignition of the propellant the target?
that is due to poor quality of gun powder? a. Drift
a. Hang fire b. Muzzle

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c. Trajectory c. Primer
d. Rifling d. Gun powder

types of motion of projectiles 69. Common police parlance, a bullet may be

1. Direct motion called ______.
2. Rotatory motion → a. Projectile
twisted to the left/right b. Tingga
3. Translational motion → c. Slug
ricochet d. Bala

64. In order for the investigators to prove that a 70. A portion in the cartridge case which consists
suspect who was reported that he fired a gun during of a brass or gilding metal cup. The cup contains a
the New Year’s eve, which is not allowed, what TEST highly sensitive mixture of chemical compound.
must be applied to determine if the reported case is
positive? a. Gunpowder
a. Faraffin b. Propellant
b. Paraffin → dermal nitrate test / c. Primer
diphenylamine test → CUBA d. Powder charge
c. Takayama
d. Luminescence 71. It refers to the identification and investigation
of firearms by means of ammunition fired through
not a conclusive them.
within 72 hours a. Terminal Ballistic
b. Exterior Ballistic
c. Forensic Ballistic
d. Interior Ballistic
65. In a shooting incidence, even small samples of
evidence that could be found in the crime scene by 72. It refers to any weapon designed to be
examining the wadding materials, which of the operated from the shoulder. (shoulder arms)
following the investigators CANNOT identify? a. Revolver
a. Age and gender of the suspect b. Rifle
b. Range of possible shot size based in c. Pistol
impressions in the shotshells wad d. Machine Guns
c. Gauge of the firearm used
d. Manufacturer of the maker

66. What is the unit measurement that is used to

express the bore diameter of the barrel of a firearm 73. This is an instrument used for making
used by a criminal? measurement such as bullet diameter, bore diameter,
a. Frame and barrel length.
b. Gauge a. Micrometer
c. Caliber → land → land b. Taper Gauge
d. Chamber c. Caliper
d. Onoscope
barrel →
land → elevated portion 74. He is credited as the father of Percussion
groove → depressed portion Ignition.
a. Calvin Goddard
bullet markings b. Alexander john Forsyth
land mark → depressed mark c. Smith
groove mark → elevated mark d. Wessoz
Berthold Schwartz → unang nakapagpatlsik ng
67. What refers to the DEFLECTION of the projectile – Constantin Anklitzen
projectile by an object rather than penetrating and
embedded in the object? 75. A type of primer with two vents or flash holes.
a. Ricochet A. Bordan primer B. Berdan
b. Misfire Primer → HIRAM BERDAN
c. Rifling C. Battery Primer D. Boxer Primer →
d. Swagging 1 → EDWARD BOXER

68. It is a metallic or non-metallic cylindrical 76. These bullets have hardened steel cores and
projectile propelled from a firearm by means of the are fired at vehicles and other armored targets in
expansive force of gases coming from the burning general.
gunpowder. a. Armor Piercing Bullet
a. Cartridge b. Incendiary Bullet → FIRE (BLUE)
b. Bullet c. Explosive Bullet → SUMASABOG

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d. Tracer Bullet → SEND SIGNALS (RED – TIP) a. Ballista → gigantic catapult
b. Ballo
77. It is the most simple form of modern cartridge c. Ballein
and can generally found in Cal. 22 d. B or C
a. Pin-Fire cartridge → Le Facheux
b. Rim-Fire Cartridge 85. Fired bullets should be marked by the
c. Center Fire Cartridge recovering officer with his initials in the ____________.
d. All of these a. Nose
b. Mouth
78. It refers to the effect of the impact of the c. Ogive
bullet on the target. d. A or C
a. Terminal ballistic
b. Exterior Ballistic 86. It refers to the circular groove near the base
c. Forensic Ballistic of the case or shell designed for the automatic
d. Interior Ballistic withdrawal of the case after each firing.
a. Ejector Groove
79. The size of the bullet grouping on the b. Extractor Groove
target. c. Land Groove
a. Terminal Accuracy d. None of these
b. Terminal Energy → amount of force/ energy
generated at the target 87. It is generally found on the primer cup.
c. Terminal Velocity → speed of the bullet upon a. Shearing Mark
hitting the target (ft/sec) b. Firing Pin mark
d. Terminal Penetration → depth of entry in the c. Extractor Mark
target d. Magazine lip Mark

80. All rim-fire cartridges and most center-fire 88. It describes the ability of the bullet to
revolver cartridges that are now manufactured maintain its velocity against air resistance.
have_________. a. Trajectory
a. Long Neck Cartridges b. Air Resistance → air which the bullet
b. Bottle Neck cartridges (sinasalubong) → while in its flight
c. Straight Cases c. Pull of Gravity
d. None of these d. Ballistic Coefficient

81. The elevated portion of the bore. ability of the bullet to maintain its stability →
a. Land GYROSCOPIC ACTION
b. Grooves YAW → unstable movement of the bullet while
c. Rifling on its flight
d. None of these
89. It is generally used in the preliminary
82. In this firearm a pressure is applied on the examination of fired bullets and shells for the purpose
trigger and will both cock and fire the firearm by release of determining the relative distribution of the class
of the hammer. characteristics
a. Single Action Firearm → needs manual a. Bullet Comparison Microscope →
cocking CALVIN GODDARD
b. Double Action Firearm → does not need b. Stereoscopic Microscope → 3D
manual cocking c. Shadowgraph
c. Single Shot Firearm → one shot every load d. Caliper
d. Automatic Firearm → pistol
repeating firearm → isang trigger → dere deretso ang JUXTAPOSITION → SIDE BY SIDE COMPARISON
putok --< machine guns Critical examination → COLLATION

83. It is an ancient smooth-bore (walang 90. This instrument is use to measure the angle of
rifling) and muzzle loading military shoulder arm twist in a rifled pistol and revolver.
designed to fire a single round lead ball. a. Magnifying Glass
a. Musket b. Gunsmith tools
b. Machine guns c. Micrometer
c. Shoulder Arms d. Helixometer
d. Revolver → rotating cylinder
91. The resistance encountered by the bullet
84. The term ballistic is derived from the Greek whiles its flight.
word __________ which literally means to throw. a. Velocity Resistance

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b. Air Resistance b. To the left only
c. Pull of Gravity c. To the right & left
d. Penetratio d. All of these
92. Bore diameter is an example of class
characteristic. colt → twisted to the left
a. True
b. False 100. It refers to the actual curved path of the bullet
c. Partially True during its flight from the gun muzzle to the target.
d. Maybe a. Velocity
b. Trajectory
93. The highly sensitive chemical mixture c. Muzzle energy
contained in the primer cup. d. Penetration
a. Priming Mixture
b. Gunpowder
c. Propellant
d. Powder Charge
V. QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
94. These are generally found on bullets fired
through “loose fit” barrels wherein the rifling is already 1. Which if the following is the major concern
worn out. when a document is being questioned?
a. Shearing Mark → cartridge case → secondary a. Ownership
firing pin mark b. Quality of the paper
b. Stripping Mark c. Authenticity
c. Breech Face Mark → cartridge case d. Age
d. Chamber Mark → cartridge
2. What is the examination of a disputed
shaving mark → poorly aligned barrel handwriting, a discriminatory process that compares
skid mark → due to the forward movement of the bullet writing habits and evaluation of similarities and
differences?
95. It is the hole in the web or the bottom of the a. Identification
primer pocket through which the primer ‘flash” provides b. Projection
ignition to the gunpowder. c. Comparison
a. Flash holes d. Elimination
b. Vents
c. Cannelures ACEV
d. A or B ANALYSIS --. RECOGNTION → PROPERTIES,
CHARACTERICS
96. It refers to the straight distance between the COMPARISON
muzzle and the target. EVALUATION → VALUE BETWEEN THE SIMILARITIES
a. Trajectory AND DIFFERENCES
b. Velocity VERIFICATION
c. Range
d. Penetration 3. The signature of the check issued by John Dy
Chua is suspected to have been forged, and he cannot
97. The oldest propellant. remember if he issued the check or not. The signatures
a. Black Powder were exactly the same in size and strokes compared to
b. Pink powder another issued check. If you are the examiner, what
c. Yellow Green powder will be your conclusion?
d. Smokeless a. Forged, because no signatures are
exactly the same in all details/aspect
striation marks → caused by the irregularities of the b. Genuine, because Mr. Dy forgot when he
bullet issued the check
c. Genuine, because no one is allowed to his
98. It contains a compound at the base usually office when he is not around
similar to barium nitrates, which is set on fire when the d. Genuine, because the two signatures are
bullet is projected. The flash of the smoke from the exactly the same
burning permits the light of the bullet to be seen
especially at night time. NATURAL VARIATION
a. Incendiary Bullets
b. Tracer Bullets TRACED → DRAWING
c. Explosive Bullets
d. Armor Piercing Bullet 4. What is an imaging device that allows an
examiner to analyze inks, visualize security features
99. The rifling inside the gun barrel may twist and reveals alteration on a document?
_________. a. Electro-microscope
a. To the right only b. Magnifying glass

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c. Microscope 12. What characteristic is whether writing is
d. Video spectral comparator inclined to left, right, straight up or down or
combination of these, the degree of inclination exists?
5. What is the device that is used to reveal a. Pen lifts
indentations or impressions in a document that is b. Connection strokes
unnoticed? c. Shading
a. Electro-microscope d. Slant
b. Microscope
c. Video spectral comparator 13. When a writer fixed a portion of a writing by
d. Electrostatic detector apparatus going back over another stroke that is not readable or
not acceptable. What was done by the writer?
6. What is one of the most valuable tools of the PATCHING/RETOUCHING
question document examiner which supplements any a. Retracing
visual examination of a document? b. Shading
a. Microscopy c. Recall
b. Electrostatic detection apparatus d. Reverse
c. Hand magnifying
d. Video spectral comparator 14. What type of fraudulent SIGNATURE in which
there is no apparent attempt imitation or simulation?
7. What are abnormal or maladjustment in a a. Evidential
typewriter which is reflected in its work and lead to its b. Altered
identification? c. Spurious /SIMPLE FORGERY (HINDI MO
a. Deficiency KINOKOPYA YUNG ORIGINAL/ GUMAGAWA NG
b. Defects FAKE NA PIRMA)
TRANSITORY DEFECTS → TEMPORARY → d. Forged
CLEANING TRACED FORGERY
PERMANENT DEFECTS ➔ CARBON PROCESS → CARBON PAPER
c. Flaw ➔ TRANSMITTED LIGHT → STRONG LIGHT
d. Weakness BEHIND → DOCUMENT
➔ INDENTION PROCESS → NAGBABAKAT /
8. What FONT has short cross-strokes that ENGRAVED /DEPRESS
project from the top and bottom of the main stroke of
a letter? SIMULATED FORGERY → FREE HAND FORGERY →
a. Rebound MOST SKILLFUL
b. San-serif MODEL SIGNATURE
c. Serif
d. Off its feet 15. A PNP applicant tried to manipulate his birth
certificate to qualify him for acceptance in the service,
9. What do you call the cylinder that serves as on his application from discrepancies in a form of some
the bucking of the paper which absorbs the blow from deletion and addition of numbers. What will be the
the typeface? findings of this document?
a. Off its feet a. Obliterated
b. Platen b. Forged
c. Serif c. Altered
d. Rebound d. Disputed

10. Which of the following is a manner in which INSERTION/ INTERLINEATIONS → PAGSISINGIT

the writer stops writing to form new letters or words?
a. Shading
b. Connecting strokes
c. Baseline habits
d. Pen lifts
16. What are widely used in business in our
HIATUS → DEFECTIVE PORTIONS → WALANG present time because of their ability to create fast and
PEN LIFT → DUE TO SPEED the same documents?
a. Computers
11. Which of the following refers to legally b. Printers
admissible and authentic samples of handwriting which c. Scanners
is of known origin used for comparison with a d. Photocopiers
questioned writing?
a. Personal letters ***17. What is NOT included when an examiner
b. Warrant needs to identify a particular typewriter used in
c. Composition questioned document?
d. Exemplars → STANDARD DOCUMENTS a. Relation of the characters and the vertical and
horizontal alignment
b. Size and design

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c. Vertical position of the characters in relation
to the line of writing
d. Brand and make 25. It refers to a signature or handwriting written
by individual upon request for the purpose of
18. What is an identifying typewriter comparison with other handwriting or for specimen
characteristics that can be eliminated by cleaning and purposes.
replacing the ribbon? a. Post Litem Standards
a. Rebound b. Requested Standards
b. Transitory c. Collected Standards
c. Serif d. Exemplars
d. Off its feet
26. If the questioned writings are hand printed,
19. What is the RATIO of height to width then get a cursive standard.
consistent in each letter? a. True
a. Connecting b. False
b. Size c. Partially True
c. Baseline → WHERE THE WRITING RESTS d. Partially False
d. Line
27. In order to be sufficient, there must be at least
20. What is the interruption or gap in writing ten (10) to twenty-five (25) standard signatures for
stroke in forming a letter when a writing instrument examination.
leaves the paper? a. True
a. Pen lifts b. False
b. Patching c. Partially True
c. Pen emphasis → ADDITION OF PRESSURE → d. Partially false
ADDITION IN SHADING
d. Hiatus collected → 15-20 signatures
4-5 pages
21. What is retouching of defective portion of a requested 25-30 standard signatures
writing stroke which is common defect in questioned 5-6 pages
documents examination?
a. Patching 28. It refers to a complete correct signature for an
b. Shading important document such as will.
c. Altering a. Formal
d. Retracing b. Informal → day to day functions
c. Careless Scribble → deliveries
22. What TYPE of document when an examiner d. None of the foregoing
finds a change whether deleted or added to the
question document? 29. It is the combination of basic design of letters
a. Obliterated → obliteration → smearing over and writing movements as taught in school.
the document → SUPERIMPOSING INK a. Natural Writing → genuine writing(natural
b. Disputed → under controversy variations)
c. Altered b. System of Writing
d. Counterfeit c. Disguised Writing → intention na baguhin ang
iyong writing
invisible writing → sympathetic ink d. Cursive Writing

23. In questioned documents, what kind of 30. It is a result of a very complicated series of
SIGNATURE is used by a forger tried to reproduce acts, being used as a whole combination of certain
without the knowledge of the owner of the signature forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by
for financial gain? long, continued painstaking effort.
a. Model a. Cursive
b. Real b. Signature
c. Actual c. Handwriting
d. Evidential d. Forgery

24. are known or genuine handwriting which 31. It is a fraudulent signature which was
indicates how a person writes. These are authenticated executed purely by simulation rather than by tracing
handwriting the outline of a genuine signature.
a. Exemplars a. Traced Forgery
REQUESTED STANDARDS b. Simulated Forgery → free hand forgery
b. Standards ➔ most skillful type
c. Post Litem c. Spurious Signature
d. Specimen d. Forgery by Computer Scanning

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32. It is a connected writing in which one letter is b. Rhythm
joined to the next. c. Pen Pressure
a. Script d. Shading
b. Cursive
c. Block CAPITAL LETTERS 41. It is the average force in which the pen makes
d. Hand lettering contact with the paper or the usual force involve in
writing.
33. It is a document which is completely written a. Rubric
and signed by one person. b. Embellishment
a. Signature → sign of acknowledgement c. Pen Pressure
b. Holographic document d. Tremor
c. Hand Lettering
d. Cursive Writing 42. This refers to additional unnecessary strokes
to legibility of letterforms or writing.
a. Rubric
b. Embellishment
c. Tremor
34. It refers to one’s name written by him on a d. A or B
document as a sign of acknowledgement.
a. Writing Habit 43. It is a stroke that goes back over another
b. Name writing stroke.
c. Signature a. Retracing
d. Handwriting b. Blunt
c. Retouching
35. In QDE, it refers to identifying details. d. Patching
a. Signature
b. Handwriting
c. Characteristics
d. None of the Foregoing 44. It refers to any material containing marks,
symbols, or signs either visible, partially visible that may
36. It refers to the shape or design of the present or ultimately convey a meaning to someone.
individual letters. a. Document
a. Slope b. Writing
b. Slant c. Signature
c. Form d. None of these
d. Size
45. It refers to any material which some issue has
37. It refers to the angle of inclination of the axis been raised or which is under scrutiny.
of letters relative to the baseline. a. Disputed Document
a. Size b. Questioned Document
b. Connecting Stroke c. Holographic Document
c. Proportion d. Reference Collection
d. Slope
46. It refers to any document notarized by a
38. It is the relation between the tall and small notary public or competent public official with
letters. solemnities required by law.
a. Ratio a. Official Document → issued by the office/govt
b. Proportion b. Public Document
c. Stroke c. Private Document → without the intervention
d. Size of a public notary
d. Commercial Document → commercial or
39. It is the interruption in a stroke caused by mercantile law
removing the pen from the paper.
a. Hiatus 47. It refers to any matter made a part of the
b. Pen Lift document after its original preparation.
c. Rhythm --> harmonious recurrence a. Erasure
d. Pen Pressure → average force of pen against b. Addition
the paper c. Obliteration
d. Insertion/interlineations → nagsingit ka ng
40. It is a balance quality of movements of the letters words or symbols
harmonious recurrence of stress or impulse. It is the
flowing succession of motion that is recorded in a 48. This includes the addition of writing and other
written record. material between lines or paragraphs or the addition of
a. Tremor whole page to a document.
tremor by fraud a. Insertion
tremor → sick. Age b. Erasure

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c. Obliteration
d. None of these 6. When a rape case is being investigated,
investigators know that SOMETHING IS LEFT in the
49. The following are the scientific method in QDE crime scene, presence of semen is possible, what test
except can be applied to determine the presence?
a. Analysis a. Acid-phosphatase
b. Comparison b. Phenolphthalein
c. Evaluation c. Paraffin
d. Conclusion d. Density gradient

50. This is usually used for the detection of 7. Which of the following METHODS in hair
counterfeited bills but can actually be used to detect analysis is NOT included?
security features of qualified document. a. Benzidine
a. Infra-red viewer → charred documents b. Dry mount
b. Ultra-violet lamp c. Parallel mounting
c. Shadowgraph d. Wet mount
d. Transmitted Light Gadget
8. Which of the following TEST is applied when
VI. FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY forensic experts want to determine if the blood being
examined is of human or non-human?
1. Which of the following is a genderless act a. Blood grouping
which involves unconventional sexual acts of violence b. Confirmatory
and aggression committed on the genital, oral or anal c. Preliminary
orifices of another person? d. Precipitin
a. Defloration
b. Sexual assault 9. In order to determine the racial origin of the
c. Rape suspect hair strands left in the crime scene after
sexual assault microscopic and physical examinations, why is it that
sexual intercourse the forensic experts are positive that the suspect is a
d. Sexual harassment black man or negro?
a. Tightly coiled medulla and contains
2. What is the study that deals with the heavy pigment
application of the chemistry to criminal investigation b. Straight and wavy
which focuses on the analysis of substances connected c. Cross section is oval, contains fine pigments
to crime investigation? d. Lightly pigmented and the
a. Biochemistry
b. Organic Chemistry 10. In order to identify burned victims, what is the
c. Forensic Science TEST is available that can be performed by the
d. Forensic Chemistry examiners?
a. Clinical Photography
b. Tissue examination
3. What is the possible result when a test is c. Forensic odontology
applied to determine the presence of semen in the d. Fingerprinting
underwear of a rape victim?
a. Orange-red pigment
b. White color pigments 11. is defined as any impression, cut, scratch, or
c. Bright red crystals will appear abrasion, or any other marking left on an object by
d. Slender yellowish crystals another harder object or instrument.
a. Mark
4. When hair is present in the crime scene, b. Tool mark
investigators can determine the identity of the criminal c. Tire mark
by evaluating hair structure and DNA from cells d. Jimmy mark
attached to what PART of the hair?
a. Shaft jimmy entry ➔crow bar, iron bar
b. Root
c. Tip
d. Medulla 12. is made when a tool is pressed against or into
a receiving surface. It is usually made when a crowbar
5. What is a METHOD in determining the identity is used to pry open a door or window
of soil sample collected from crime scene and soil found a. Tool mark
in the shoes of the suspect to separate the soil from b. Negative impression
other materials? c. Abrasion or friction mark
a. Ouchterlony d. Combination mark
b. Burning
c. Density Gradient 13. How long does alcohol last in blood?
d. Acid-Phosphates a. Up to 24 to 48 hours

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b. 3-5 days a. Narcotics
c. 10 hours b. Tranquillizers
d. up to 12 hours c. Sedatives
d. Stimulants
up to 90 days → hair → nagsstay ang alcohol
22. Are artificially produced substance,
14. A scientific study of poisons, their nature, synthesized in the laboratory for the illicit market.
properties, effects, and detections and the treatment in a. Barbiturates → RELIEVES PAIN → INDUCES
case of poisoning. SLEEP
a. Anthropology TRANQUILIZERS → RELIEVES PAIN (RELAX) → DOES
b. Physiology NOT INDUCE SLEEP
c. Toxicology b. Synthetic drugs
d. Posology → study of the doses of drugs c. Stimulant → INCREASE ACTIVITY IN THE CNS
d. Natural drugs → PLANTS/ FUNGI
15. Any agent that neutralizes a poison or
otherwise counteracts or opposes its effects. 23. A type of drug that reduces appetite, relieves
a. Poison mental depression, comfort fatigue and sleepiness.
b. Neutralizer a. Inhalants
c. Medicine b. Amphetamine
d. Antidote c. Depressant
d. Hallucinogen
16. One which by contact with it chemically
produces local destruction of tissues 24. An agent that counter the reactions made by
a. True poison the poisons through distillation, solvent extraction, and
b. Corrosive Poison chromatography.
c. Cumulative Poison a. Chemical Antidote → MAKES THE POISON
d. Acute Poison HARMLESS
b. Mechanical antidote –>REMOVES THE
17. This poison through direct contact inflames POISON INSIDE THE BODY
the mucous membrane or the parts. It causes nausea, c. Physiological antidote
vomiting, pain and diarrhea. d. Psychological antidote
a. Corrosive destruction of tissues
b. Neurotics affects CNS 25. It is one categories of bloodstain which is
c. Aesthetics → LOSS OF MUSCULAR FUNCTION characterized through drops created or formed by the
d. Irritants force of gravity acting alone.
a. Contact bleeding
18. . A type of dose that does not cause harmful b. Smear
effects. c. Smudge
a. Minimum dose → SMALLEST DOSE THAT CAN d. Passive bloodstain
STILL HAVE A THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
MAXIMAL DOSE → LARGEST DOSE THAT CAN STILL 26. A poison that can be detected through
HAVE A THERAPEUTIC EFFECT → NO SIDE EFFECTS qualitative methods of examination such as sulfates,
b. Safe dose sulphides, chlorine and alkaline.
c. Toxic DOSE → SYMPTOMS OF POISONING a. Anion
d. Fatal dose/ LETHAL DOSE b. Volatile Poison
c. Metallic
19. . It is a type of attacked numbers that is d. Non-volatile poison
pressed intendedly using electrical or mechanical
gadget. 27. Who stated that all substances are poison?
a. Stamped number a. Plenck
b. Engraved number b. Paracelsus
c. Embossed number → RAISED FROM THE c. Reinsch
FURFACE d. Mathieu Orfila
d. Serial number
28. It refers to exposure to poison and produces
20. Intaking of plenty of water before collection of immediate or instant death.
urine specimen or drinking herbal tea etc. a. Chronic Poisoning
a. Internal Dilution b. Acute Poisoning
b. External Dilution → ADDING WATER TO THE c. Cumulative Poisoning
URINE SPECIMEN d. True poisoning
c. Substituted → USE OF ANOTHER’S URINE
SPECIMEN 29. It is a favorite killer poison.
d. Adulterated → ADD JUICE, SALT a. Arsenic
b. Cyanide
21. A drug which induces sleep or stupor and c. Hydrogen Sulphide
relieve pain. d. Potassium Chloride

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 39. It is created when a bloody object meets
30. It refers to the process of reducing the desired another surface and produce a pattern in which a
substance in its pure form. recognizable characteristic of image or object is
a. Identification evident.
b. Isolation a. Pattern Transfer
c. Ultraviolet Examination b. Flow
d. Gas Chromatography c. Saturation Stain
d. Pool
31. It is the process of receiving the specimen by
entering the specimen condition on the logbook. 40. an irregular pattern created when a large
a. Reception volume of blood is ejected.
b. Detection a. Smear
c. Recognition b. Wipe
d. Identification c. Swipe
d. Gush
32. The small remains of anything broken down or 41. It is a pattern of individual spatter stains
destroyed. deposited on the surface that demonstrate the
a. Debris movement of the dripping item from one point to
b. Grime another.
c. Silt a. Drip trail
d. Mud b. Impact Spatter
c. Cast off
33. Are drops that have been put into fire flight d. Spurt
through some mechanisms.
a. Non-spatter 42. One of the oldest tests for the detection of
b. Spatter creatinine.
c. Spurt a. Urine test
d. Drip trail b. blood test
c. Reinchin Test
34. Similar to impact spatter, but with a slight d. Jaffe Test
difference. The blood source is broken up in the mouth
or system by air pressure. 43. Color of blood is cherry red due to ____.
a. Expotorate Pattern a. Phosphorus
b. Impact Spatter b. Hydrogen Sulphide
c. Drip Trail c. Methane
d. Spurt d. Carbon Monoxide

35. This is created when a bloody object contacts 44. What part of the hair can DNA be found?
another surface often with some form of lateral motion. a. Shaft
a. Gush b. Tip
b. Smear c. Root
c. Pool d. Cuticle
d. Wipe
36. A crack in a glass that extends outward like 45. facility where analyses are performed on
the spoke of a wheel from the point at which the glass evidence performed by crime, they investigate physical,
was struck. chemical, biological or digital evidence and often
a. Concentric employ specialists especially in the conduct of crime
b. Radial Fracture scene investigation.
c. Glass bends a. Laboratory
d. Pattern transfer b. Crime Laboratory
c. Forensic Laboratory
37. A weak mark made by pressure that stays on d. Both b and c
the surface.
a. Trace 46. It is chemical substance that brings about
b. Track physical, physiological, behavioral or psychological
c. Impression change in a person taking it.
d. Imprint a. Chemical
b. Drug
38. a mark or sign left behind by something that c. Poison
has passed by. d. None of the above
a. Trace
b. Track 47. A chemical substance used in the clandestine
c. Tire marks manufacturing processes
d. Imprint a. Immediate precursors
b. Essential chemicals
c. Narcotics

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d. Dangerous substance B. focal point
C. outer terminus → delta
48. this is extremely sensitive to detonation by D. pattern area
heat, shock, friction and impact and used primarily to
start an explosion like blasting caps and primers. 8. The first Chinese Ruler who devised a seal carved
a. Low explosive from white jade containing the name and the thumb
b. Primary explosive print of the owner.
c. Secondary Explosive a. Tien Chi
d. High explosive c. Tein Chi
b. Tein Shi
49. Paraffin test originated in ________. d. Tien Shi
a. China
b. Guam 9. Is the distance of recognition in broad daylight of a
c. Cuba person who is almost a stranger?
d. France a. 100 yrds b. 25 yrds
c. 16-17 yrds d. 10-13 yrds
50. Kind of protein found in blood
a. Leukocytes 10. The diagonal sign / means ________.
b. Thrombocytes a. right hand ulnar c. left hand radial
c. Globin b. left hand ulnar d. none
d. Hemo
11. Is the principle in the study of fingerprint which
FORENSIC SCIENCE FINAL COACHING (SET B) states that fingerprint is a reliable and positive means
of Identification?
I. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION a. Principle of Individuality
c. Principle of Infallibility
1. The key Division is derived by getting the ridge count b. Principle of Constancy
of the d. Principle of Permanency
a. ulnar Loop c. Radial Loop
b. First Loop d. First Radial Loop 12. The fingerprint card used in recording the subject
print has a size of:
2. If in case that there were no loop among patterns, a. 8 1/2” x 8 ½”
how will the key be derived. c. 8” x 8”
a. Ridge count the first plain whorl b. 9” x 9”
b. Ridge count the first whorl d. 10” x 10”
c. No key division to derived
d. Write Dash 13. One of the cardinal rule in taking of fingerprints of
the subject is that fingers must be:
3. Is the symbol used to represent a plain arch. a. Healthy
a. T b. A c. P d. W c. Dry
b. Moisten
4. Is the scientific study of the tiny opening across d. Oily
the ridges.
a. Podoscopy → soles of foot 14. The identification of two impression can be
c. Poroscopy established primarily through:
b. Chiroscopy a. formation of different types of pattern
d. Edgeoscopy b. formation of the two terminus
c. unexplained similarity of ridges
d. similarity of ridge characteristics in their
relative positions
5. A system of Identification best used in case of burned
body. 15. In taking the fingerprints of the subject the
a. Fingerprint technician must advice the subject to:
c. Skeletal Identification A. Help him C. Relax
b. Odontology B. Close his eyes D. Stand straight
d. Photography

6. How deep the cut in order to be produced permanent Towards the body → thumb
scar? Away from the body → all other fingers except thumb
A. more than 1 cm
B. more than 1mm 16. In major division, what should be the interpretation
C. 1m of a whorl pattern having a tracing ridge that goes
D. 1dm above the right delta, and with an intervening ridge of
one?
7. The core and delta are also termed as _______. A. Inner C. Meeting
A. inner terminus → core B. Outer D. Exceptional

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17. In recording the fingerprints of the subject, 26. In case of double thumb of the same size what
the technician must see to it that subject’s fingers should be the course of action in classifying them.
are: a. Take both pattern and classify.
A. Wet and clean C. Clean and huge b. Classify only the outer thumb
B. Clean and dry D. c. Classify only the inner thumb
Amputated d. Print them together on the block and
classify.

27. An instrument used to hold or secure fingerprint

18. That part of the friction skin between the epidermis cards in taking fingerprint of a dead person
and dermis layer which responsible for the ridge a. Card holder
formation b. Spatula
a. Generating layer c. Strip holder
c. Dermal papillae d. Forceps
b. Sweat glands
d. Dermis Papillary 28. A system of classification used in the Philippines:
a. Galton System c. Henry System
19. Is a point along the recurving ridge in which the b. Vucetich System → Spanish speaking countries
ridge curves inward? d. Galton-Henry System with FBI
a. sufficient recurve c. appendage Modification and Extension
b. obstruction ridge d. shoulder of loop
francisca rojas case
20. What is the rule where there are two or more pedro velasquez → neighbor
possible bifurcation deltas which conform to the Teresa ponciano → Francisca rojas
definition of delta? Eduardpo Alvarez- → police investigator
a. the one nearest the core should be
chosen 29. What division will be left blank in the classification
b. the one away from the core should be counted formula if all fingers are missing.
c. the one which does not open towards the core a. Major and Final Division
is counted c. Key and Major Division
d. the one towards the core should be counted b. Major and sub-secondary
d. key and final Division
21. What is the tiny openings on the skin from where
sweat is excreted? 30. The person who used the system of identification
a. duct b. furrows which was accepted by Spanish countries.
c. pores d. sweat glands a. Juan Vucetich
c. Henry Faulds
22. It is considered as simplest and traditional method b. Sir Edward Richard Henry
in developing prints in the scene of the crime. d. William Herschel
A. Fuming Method B. Laser Ion Argon
C. Rolling Method D.Dusting Method 31. It refers to all fingerprints left at the crime scene
including those left accidentally or unconsciously.
23. Mr. A applies for a job, and as a requirement he A. Chance Impressions B. Latent Prints
was advised to present his NBI Clearance. On the way C. Smudge Prints D. Fragmentary Prints
to the office of the NBI, he was apprehensive that he
will not be accommodated by the personnel because of 32. Which of the following personal Identification is not
his two excess fingers in his right hand. The appearance easy to change?
of his extra fingers is anatomically known as . a. Hair
A. Polydactylism B. Extra ordinary fingers c. Speech
C. Excess Finger D.Deformities b. Dress
d. personal pharapernalia
24. The following are the requisites of a loop except
one, 33. The Filipino who top the first comprehensive
A. It must have a core examination in fingerprint which was initiated by New
B. It must have a complete circuit → whorl York Police Dept. and FBI.
C. It must have a delta a. Generoso Reyes → first fil fingerprint
D. It must have a ridge count of at least one technician c. Isabela Bernales → first women
technician
25. A Loop with ridge count of 16 in the right is b. Patricio Agustin
interpreted as ____ , if the left thumb has 17 ridge d. Marcelo Bonifacio
count.
a. Small mr. jones → first to teach
c. Medium
b. Large 34. Is a short horizontal ridge found inside a recurving
d. Exceptional ridge which has spoiled the inner line of flow from the

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inner delta to the center of the pattern. This is also B.4 D. 1
found in the second type of central pocket loop.
a. bar b. appendage 43. The scientific study of the prints of the soles of the
c. uptrust d. obstruction feet?
A. Poroscopy
35. In the course of the tracing of a whorl pattern, once B. Chiroscopy
the tracing splits into two branches the tracing will C. Podoscopy
proceed on the D. Dactyloscopy
a. The next ridge counting below the bifurcation ridge
b. The upper line of the bifurcation 44. What is that spreading of two ridges that previously
c. on the lower line of the splits running side by side?
d. The next ridge just below A. bifurcation
B. divergence
36. A fingerprint card has a usual size of: C. convergence
A.8“x8” C. 8“x9” D. enclosure
B.8“x10” D. 8“x7”
45. The person who used fingerprints in replacement
37. What is the Fingers represent the numerator in the for signature to avoid impersonation among Indian
primary Division native.
a. Even Number of fingers a. William Herschel
c. Dr. Henry Faulds
b. Left Fingers b. Dr. Francis Galton
c. Right Fingers d. Sir Edward Henry
d. Odd number of Fingers
46. Considered to be one of the most notorious criminal
38. The classification in the classification formula which in U.S who attempt to destroy his friction skin with the
is always represented by numerical value depending use of corrosive acid.
upon a whorl pattern appearing in each finger? a. John Derenger c. John Dillinger
A. primary division b. Robert James Pitts d. Robert Joworski
B. key division
C. final division 47 Are the strips of skin without coloring pigment and
D. Major division without hair found on the palm of the hand and soles
of the feet?
39. In the classification line, the order should be a. Epidermal skin
A. primary, secondary, subsecondary, final, key, c. Papillary skin
major b. Friction
B. major, key, primary, secondary, subsecondary d. All of these
final
C. key, major, primary, 48. All, except one, are symbols use for blocking.
secondary, subsecondary, final A. Slant to the right
D. primary, secondary, subsecondary, major, C. Slant to the left
key, final B. W for plain whorls
D. Dash (-) for arches / A T
40. In case of an amputated finger, what shall be the
interpretation of the left index finger if the right index 49. What type of a ridge is that which curves back to
finger is amputated? the direction from which it started?
A. Plain whorl and meet tracing a. diverging ridge
B. The classification in the left index finger shall b. converging ridge
be same of that the right index. c. recurving ridge
C. The classification of the right index finger shall d. bifurcation
be the same of that the left index finger.
D. There is no interpretation at all. 50. Is that part of a looping ridge that possesses two
shoulders and without appendage?
Amputated right → left A. Type lines
Amputated left → right B. Pattern area
Amputated → plain whorl with meeting tracing C. Re-curving ridges
D. Sufficient re-curves
41. . In primary division, denominators are fingers with
______ numbers.
A. Odd C. Positive II. FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
B .Even D. Negative
1. In 1947 Edwin H. Land introduced the one step
photography also known as polaroid. What will be
42. In primary division, what should be the numerical produce by LASER?
value of a whorl pattern appearing at finger number 3? A. Polaroid B.
A. 16 C. 8 Holograms → DENNIS GABOR

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C. Digital Camera D. 9. What will be the lighting condition if you are going to
DSLR take a photograph using a film speed of ISO 200 and a
shutter speed of 1/250 with an aperture of f8?
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation A. bright f16 B. hazy
C. dull f 5.6 D. open light
2. The science of obtaining photographic magnification
of minute objects by using a camera attached to a 10. A black and white films possess several
compound microscope. The camera lens is removed characteristics such as speed, spectral and granularity.
because the microscope will serve as the lens for the The speed will be referring to the sensitivity of the film
camera. to light and the spectral is the sensitivity to
A.macrophotography / photomacrography B. A. Film Speed → the sensitivity of the film to light
microphotography B. Wavelength
C. photomicrography C. Electromagnetic Energy
D. photomicrography D. all of these

3. It is considered as the “Forerunner of Modern 11. It is a type of film according to spectral sensitivity
Camera” which was first invented by the Iraqi scientist wherein the film is sensitive to UV light up to the
Ibn al Haytham. green light only.
A. Daguerreotypes B. A. Blue-Sensitive Film
Camera Obscura B. Orthochromatic Film
C. Calotype D. C. Panchromatic Film
Talotype D. Infra-red Film

4. The combination of Blue and Green color of light Blue sensitive <uv to bluw
which produced what secondary color of light? Orthochromatic --< uv to green
A.Magenta B. Panchromatic uv to red
Yellow Infra-red → uv to infra red
C. Cyan D.
Orange
12. Refers to the range of illumination or the light
allowed to affect the sensitized material at a given time.
A. Exposure B. Aperture
C. Shutter→ barrier of the rays of light D. Shutter
speed → regulates the time of exposure of the film

Shutter speed
1/250 1/500
Exposure → total light intensity and length of time it
strikes the emulsion(part ng film kung nasaan ang silver
5. In crime scene photography, what view tends to halides)
show the extent damage on the subject? 13. It is a part of the camera which defines as the ratio
A. General View B. between the diameter of the whole lens in relation to
Medium View the focal length of the lens is referred to as,
C. Close-up shot D. A. Lens Aperture B. Lens Opening
Extreme Close- up shot → laboratory examination C. Focal Distance D. Both A and B

General view/long range → over-all crime scene/ façade The lower the f number → the bigger the
Medium view (mid-range) → nature of the crime diaphragm opening

6. The changes in direction of light are conclusive F2.8 f 4 f 5.6 f 8 f 11 f16

whenever light process from one medium to another.
A. Reflection B.Diffraction 14. Pedro was taking a snap shot and expecting it to be
C. Transparent D.Refraction sharp but an alteration happened to the expected image
because it can be seen in two viewpoints. What is that
7. It is a type of light in which their wavelength are phenomenon?
either too short or too long to excite the retina of the A. out of focus B. coincidence
human eye. C. parallax D.split
A.Black Light B. Visible Light image
C. Invisible Light D. Bright

8. It is a lighting condition where object in open space TWIN LENS REFLEX CAMERA
cast a deep and uniform or distinct shadow.
A.Bright sunlight B. Hazy sunlight
C. Dull sunlight D.Cloudy dull

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 23. It is the range in front of and behind a sharply
focused subject in which details also look sharp in the
final photographic image.
15. It is an inherent lens aberration wherein the lens has A. Focus
an inability to focus light passing through it and C. Camera trick
producing an image that is sharp in the center and B. Depth of field
blurred at the side. D. Aperture
A. Spherical Aberration B. Coma → lateral
aberration 24. Which of the following supports the entire unit of
C. Chromatic Aberration D. Flare the enlarger, which usually holds the easel that carries
the photographic paper?
16. It is the distance measured from the optical center A. Focusing mechanism → sharpness or clearness of the
of the lens is set to focus at infinite position. It is also object being photographed
known as the fundamental characteristics of a lens that C. Condenser lenses → diffuser →spread light
will determine the size of an image and area of B. Baseboard
coverage of the lens D. Elevating control knob
A. Focal Length B. Hyperfocal Distance

C. Depth of Field D. Relative Aperture

25. These are the components of a black and white
17. It is a type of lens which is capable of correcting film, except one….
astigmatism. A. Emulsion
A. Meniscus Lens B. Anastigmat Lens C. Anti halation backing
C. Rapid Rectilinear Lens D. Achromatic Lens B. Gelatin
D. Base
Meniscus lens → lens with no correction
Achromatic lens → corrects chromatic aberration Emulsion
Rapid rectilinear lens → corrects distortion Anti halation backing
Apochromatic lens → correct both astigmatism and Base
chromatic aberration
26. What lens system of the camera reflects the light
18. A distance at which lens of a camera is focused passing the lens and mirror making the image possible
with a given particular diaphragm opening which will to be viewed from the viewfinder?
give the maximum depth of field is- A. pentaprism
A.Focal distance B. subject distances B. shutter
C. hyper focal distance D. focal length C. condenser
D. filter
19. The distance between the nearest and the
farthest object in apparent sharp focus when the 27. What type of a film has the longest range of
lens is focused at a given point. sensitivity in the electromagnetic spectrum called?
A. Angle of view B. Focal Length A. orthochromatic film
C. Depth of Field D. Focus B. blue-sensitive film
C. panchromatic film
20. It is the main fixing agent that dissolves unexposed D. infra-red film
silver halides.
A. Acetic Acid B. Sodium Sulfate 28. A part of the camera which provides a means of
C. Potassium Bromide D.Sodium determining the extent of the area coverage of a given
Thiosulfate → HYPO lens?
A. lens
B. shutter
21. Fish –eye lens is a special type of camera having a C. view finder
view angle of: D. pentaprism
A. 60 degrees
C. 90 degrees 29. What photo paper according to its chemical content
B. 180 degrees is best suited for police photography?
D. 360 degrees A. Silver Chloride paper → contact printing
B. Silver Bromide paper → projection
22. A British scientist who made the first miniature printing / enlarging
cameras, the so-called “mouse trap” cameras. C. Silver Chlorobromide → contact and projection
A. Joseph Nicephore Niepce --. Heliograph → exposure D. Iodide paper
time → 8 hrs
C. Willian Henry Fox Talbot
B. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre → daguerreotype →
20-30 minutes (first practical process)
D. Sir John Herschel 30. What lens has a variable focal length?

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A. wide angle lens less than 35 mm (less than the B. 2 times
diagonal of its negative) C. four times
B. normal focus lens 35mm-70mm (equal or not D. 6 times
more than twice the diagonal of its negative)
C. telephoto lens more than 70 mm (more than 38. It refers to the unit of light wavelength expressed in
twice the diagonal of its negative) millionth part of a millimeter.
D. zoom lens a. millimicron
c. nanometer
FOCAL DISTANCE → distance from a lens to its focus b. angstrom
HYPERFOCAL DISTANCE → distance na d. a and c
makapagbibigay ng maximum depth of field
39. Is that part of the camera which controls the degree
31. When one uses a Photographic filter in taking a of sharpness of an object.
photograph, he is actually _ light rays or color a. lens opening c.
from the light to reach the film. focusing
A. adding b. shutter
B. multiplying d. condenser
C. subtracting
D. Dividing 40. How many parts does a camera generally has, with
all other parts treated as accessories?
32. What is the recommended size of photographic a. five b. four c. six
evidence? d. three
A. 5 x 7 inches
B. Passport size o light tight box →
C. 2 x 2 inches o lens
D. 4 x 8 inches o shutter
o film holder
o view finger
33. A convex lens is capable of?
A. reducing the object
41. What is the range of distance from the nearest
B. enlarging the object
object to the farthest object that is sharp when the lens
C. making the object appear hairy
is set or focused at a particular distance?
D. reducing the size of the picture
a. focal length c. depth
of field
Convex/positive/ converging lens b. hyperfocal distance d.
Concave/negative/diverging lens focusing

42. What is considered as the utmost used of

34. It is the process of eliminating unwanted portion of photography in police work?
the negative during the enlarging process. a. for identification → first use
A. Cropping B. Dodging (mugshot photography)
C. Vignetting D. Dye Toning c. for preservation
b. for record purpose
35. An artificial light source which contains in its tube d. for court presentation
certain powders capable of illuminating with some
support from small amount of electricity. It is commonly
used in the house or commercial establishment.
A. Incandescent lamp
B. fluorescence lamp
C. photo flood lamp→ reflectorized light/spot light
43. Specifically, the camera (light tight box) is needed
D. flash bulb → short duration in photography to_________.
→ can only be used once as the bulb is busted when A. record the image
fired
B. Exclude all unwanted and unnecessary lights
Electronic flash → synchronization c. makes the image
visible
36. In Photographing the scene of the crime, what view d. makes the image permanent
should be used in order to show the best feature of
the nature of the crime scene? 44. It the time of developing in using D-76 solution
a. medium c. close- (film)?
up a. five to six minutes c. one to
b. general one and half minutes
d. extreme close-up b. ten to fifteen twelve d. twenty
to thirty minutes
37. How much light will the combination of 1/125, f-4
has compared to 1/250, f-5.6.
A. equal dektol – photo paper 1-1 ½ minutes

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 A. swaging
45. Which prefix indicates a reversal type of colored B. ogive
film? C. rifling
a. color c. pan D. breaching
b. ortho d. chrome
Smoothbore
46. . What photo paper according to contrast is best
used in over exposed film? 5. It is a type of firearm designed to fire several
a. # 1 (0-1) b. # 3 -5 under exposed loads (shot) in one loading.
c. # 2 - normally exposed d. # 4 A. Single Shot Firearms
B. Repeating Firearms
47. What is the usual time of fixing of a negative or a C. Double Action
photograph? D. Single Action
a. five to six minutes c. one to
one and half minutes 6. What should be the classification of a shell
b. ten to fifteen twelve d. when the diameter of the rim is larger than the
twenty to thirty minutes diameter of the shell’s body?
A. Belted type B. Rimless case
48. A. colored film has in its emulsion surface three C. Rebated type D. Rimmed case
layer of color emulsion. What are these colors (in
sequence) 7 It refers to the measure of the twisting of the
a. Blue, Red and Green c. Red, lands and grooves or one complete turn.
Green and Blue A. Pitch of rifling
b. Blue, Green and Red d. Green, B. Bore diameter
Blue and Red C. Lands and grooves → always equal
D. Bullet twisting
49. Is the gradual fading of image towards the side
through a skillful adjustment of dodging board? 8. Is the term applied to denote a firearm designed for
a. dodging b. vignetting c. extra power?
burning-in d. cropping a. Double Action c. Automatic
b. Magnum d. Dum-dum →
50. What emulsion speed indicator is express in an india
arithmetic form?
a. ISO b. DIN c. ASA 9. Is a type of a bullet which when fired emits a bright
d. GNP flame from their base, thereby showing the gunner the
path as well as the striking point of the bullet?
ASA – AMERICAN STANDARD ASSOCIATION a. Armour piercing bullet c. Tracer bullet
DIN – deutche industre normen – expressed in b. Jacketed bullet d. Incendiary
logarithmic value bullet
ISO- international standard organization -
10. It is the sound generated at the muzzle point due
to sudden escape of burned gun powder and its contact
III. FORENSIC BALLISTICS with air:
a. Muzzle noise c. muzzle blast
1. It is the science of mobility of the projectile and the b. muzzle energy →force or energy generated muzzle
condition that affects their motion. point d. muzzle velocity
A. Forensic Ballistics
B. Applied Physics 11 Instrument used in obtaining test bullet:
C. Ballistics a. caliper
D. Applied Science b. bullet comparison microscope
c. bullet recovery box
2. It refers to the mobility or the movement of the d. water tank
projectile once it leaves the muzzle and until it reaches 3 test bullets
the target or fall in the ground. 1. Comparison
A. Motion B. Ballistics 2. Confirmation
C. Ballista D. Trajectory 3. Conclusion

3. This is the actual curved path of the bullet 12. When the “draws” of the revolver is completed, the
during its flight from the gun muzzle and target. index finger should?
A. Air Resistance a. touch the outside of the trigger guard
B. Velocity b. grasp the stock
C. Trajectory c. be straighten along the barrel
D. Pull of Gravity d. be inside the trigger guard

4. This refers to the helical grooves cut in the

interior surface of the bore.

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13. Are small grooves, channels or ridges on the surface 22. Is the farthest distance in which a bullet when fired
of the bullet due to the tool marks or other irregularities can still be consider lethal?
in the interior surface of the bore? a. Maximum range
a. Land marks c. Groove marks c. Maximum effective range
b. Striation d. Accidental b. Accurate range
marks d. Effective range

14. A fired bullet extracted from the body of the victim 23. Is a condition in which two bullets or shells are
is marked at the: examined and compared under the comparison
a. Base c. Nose microscope at the same time, level and direction and
b. ogive d. all of these magnification and same image? – juxtaposition
a. Pseudo match
b. false match
c. bullet recovery box
15. The stillness or the steadiness of the bullet in d. Sodo match
flight?
A. key hole shot 24. Is a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet,
B. ricochet primer, gun powder and shell:
C. yaw A. ammunition
D. gyroscopic action B. cartridge
C. shotgun cartridge
16. What initiates the combustion of the D. missile
gunpowder in a shell?
A. hammer 25. A fired bullet with six lands and grooves twisted to
B. primer the right is fired from the barrel of a firearm with
C. trigger identical class characteristics as that of:
D. flash hole A. Browning
B. Colt
17. What do you call the type of instrument used C. Smith and Wesson
in measuring pitch of rifling firearms? D. Steyr
A. Torsion Balance → weigh the bullet/shell
B. Helixometer 26. It is that mixture of chemicals of various
C. Thermometer compositions designed to propel the projectile by
D. Caliper means of expansive force of gases when burned.
A. Propellant
18. A shaving marks on a bullet is due to: B. Gun Powder
A. Oversized barrel → stripping mark C. Potassium Nitrate
B. Poor alignment of the cylinder to the D. Either A or B
bore of the barrel
C. Oily barrel → slippage mark 27. The unit of measurement of a shotgun is expressed
D. Delayed combustion in gauge, however, it is still convertible into inch. What
is the equivalent of 10 Gauge shotgun to inch?
19. It is a mark found at the base portion of the A. .410 inch
mouth of the shell caused by backward movement to B. .775 inch
the breech face of the block of the firearm. C. .729 inch
A. Firing Pin Mark D. .670 inch
B. Breech Face Mark
C. Extractor Mark
D. Magazine Lip Mark CALIBER (IN) TO MM
CALIBER X 25.4 → MM
20. A part of a firearm which houses all the other .45X25.4 → 11MM
parts. .38 X 25.4 → 9MM
a. Receiver
b. Barrel MM TO INCHES (CALIBER)
c. Frame /25.4
d. Chamber
28. The word bullet was derived from the French word,
21. Is the tumbling of the bullet in its flight and hitting “Boulette” which means .
the target sideways as a result of not spinning on its A. stone B. a metal
axis is known? C. A small ball D. None of these
a. Ricochet
c. Hang fire 29. The chemical eating away of the bore of a firearm
b. Misfire due to rusting of the action of salts deposited from the
d. key-hole shot gunpowder is:
A. pressure
B. corrosion

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C. erosion → EXCESSIVE USE
D. decomposition 37. It is a type of motion of a projectile wherein the
action of the bullet travelling passing through the
29, These are devices that are not really designed to rifled barrel is either twisted to the left or to the
become a weapon but because of its mechanism that is right.
the same as those in the firearm they are already A. Direct Motion
considered as miscellaneous guns. B. Rotatory Motion
A. tool → construction → resembles gun C. Translational Motion
B. zip guns → home made D. Motion to Quash
C. traps → hunting animals
D. cane guns 38. The word “Ballistics” comes from the Greek Words
“ballo” or “ballein” which means .
30. Handguns that can be fired several times by A. To Punch
means of cartridge stored in the handle are called. B. To throw
A. Pistols C. To slide
B. Revolver D. To shoot
C. Self-loading pistol
D. Automatic Firearm 39. It is a branch of ballistics that treats of the motion
of a projectile while still inside the firearm.
31. The caliber of the smoothbore firearm case A. Interior ballistics B. Terminal ballistics
measure by? C. Exterior ballistics D. Forensic ballistics
A. Gauge
B. Caliber 40. The following conditions are NOT attributed to
C. Lands external ballistics, EXCEPT:
D. Grooves A. Firing pin hitting the primer.
B. Ignition of the priming mixture.
32. He gave his name to a whole class of firearms; he C. Energy generated at the muzzle point.
is also the manufacturer of the Pocket Pistol. D. Rotation of the bullet inside the muzzle.
A. John M. Browning
B. Samuel Colt → first practical revolver 41. What is the best way of picking a suspected firearm
C. Col. Calvin H. Goddard at the crime scene?
D. Henry Derringer A. Picking it through the handle
B. Picking it through the barrel
KOLIBRI → SMALLEST PISTOL C. Inserting a handkerchief or string straw
SWISS MINI GUN (2.16 INCHES) → SMALLEST at the trigger guard
REVOLVER D. Inserting a rod at the barrel

33. It is the rearward movement of the firearm after 42. Technically speaking, the term ammunition refers
explosion. to a group of cartridges or to a single unit or single
A. velocity of the bullet cartridge. What is now a cartridge?
B. recoil of the firearm A. the entire primer assembly consisting of
C. rotation of the bullet primer cup, priming mixture, and the anvil
D. inside the barrel energy generated B. a complete unfired unit consisting of a
JUMP → UPWARD AND BACKWARD bullet, cartridge case, gunpowder and primer
C. an entire cartridge case, including extracting
34. In the terminal ballistics, It refers to the size of the groove, shell head, and the crimp
bullet groupings on the target. D. the bullet consisting of the nose, the body and
A. Terminal penetration the base.
B. Terminal velocity
C. Terminal energy 43. It is the part of the cartridge case designed to limit
D. Terminal accuracy the forward movement of the cartridge to the chamber.
A. Extracting Grooves
35. It is termed as the stability of the bullet in flight B. Base
particularly in the parabola, which was credited to the C. Primer Pocket
construction of the rifling. D. Rim
A. velocity
B. stability in flight
C. gyroscopic action
D. parabolic like flight 44. It refers to the characteristics of a firearm which are
determinable even before the manufacture of the
36. This refers to the deflection of the bullet from its firearm?
normal path after striking a resistant surface. A. Class Characteristics
A. Misfire B. Individual Characteristics → AFTER THE
B. Mushroom MANUFACTURE
C. Ricochet C. Repetitive mark
D. Keyhole shot D. accidental mark

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 C. Dr. Wilson Harrison D.
45. The most important single process in a barrel Richard Henry → henry system / classification →
manufacture from the standpoint of the identification English speaking countries
expert is: Vucetich → juan vucetich → Spanish speaking
A. reaming operation → SMOOTHENS → BARREL countries
B. rifling operation
C. lapping operation→ BREACHFACE Anthropology – study of the physical constitutions of
D. drilling operation → CREATING A HOLE MAN -→ CESARE LOMBROSO
Anthropometry → measurements of physical
46. A type of ammunition which does not have bullet constitution of man
used in film-making: BERTILLON SYSTEM/ BERTILLIONAGE
A. Dummy Ammunition → DISPLAY PURPOSES 1. name
B. Blank Ammunition 2. anthropometry → 11 measurements
C. Drill Ammunition → MAY BULLET PER 3. mug shot → father of mugshot photography
WALANG GUNPOWDER
D. Live Ammunition 3. Contemporary handwriting standards means that the
age of the standards should be within?
47. Is that of the primer which serves as a protector for A. 8 years from the date of the question
the priming mixture not to be easily be penetrated by document
moisture? B. 10 years prior to the date of the questioned
a. Paper disc document
c. Anvil → ABSORBS THE BLOW OF THE C. 5 years prior to the date of the
FIRING PIN questioned document
b. Primer cup D. 15 years prior to the date of the questioned
d. Flash hole document

48. What is the secret of good shooting form? 4. What is the Latin word for “paper”
a. relaxed and natural position A. cartouche → french
b. keeping the thumb along the hammer B. penna
c. proper sighting of the target C. charta
d. firing slowly and carefully D. papyrus → egyptian

49. A type of a bullet made in order to inflict greater 5. The rounded inner part of an upper curve, bend or
damage used by India. (expanding bullet) crook of a letter.
a. Dum-Dum c. incendiary A. Humps → outer PART B. Blunt →
b. armor piercing d. explosive ABRUPT INTRODUCTION OF STROKESV
C. Arc D. Beard

50. The importance of individual marks left on a bullet 6. It is term as “the backbone of the letter”.
by a gun barrel is that it is useful in directly identifying Characterized by a long downward stroke.
the: A. Stem
a. bullet which caused the fatal wound B. Initial/terminal Spur
b. person who fired the particular firearm C. Through
c. gun from which a bullet was fired D. Whirl
d. possible direction of shot
7. It is an additional stroke that serves as an ornament
or artistic design to a letter which is not relevant to a
writing.
IV. QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION A. Embellishment
B. Rubrics
1. The art of beautiful writing is known as C. Diacritics → COMPLETE LETTERS
A. Drafting D. A or B
B. Calligraphy → cali – beautiful
C. Art appreciation 8. It is a type of writing movement which is usually
D. Cacography → bad handwriting found on a child who starts to learn how to write or
draw.
2. In the history of questioned document examination, A. Hand Movement → wrist → pivot
who was the British examiner of questioned document B. Finger Movement
who said that an intelligent police investigator can C. Forearm Movement → skillful movement
detect almost 75% of all forgeries by careful inspection D. Whole Arm Movement → large writings
of a document with simple magnifiers and measuring
tools was; 9. It is the stroke which goes back over the previous
A. Alphonse Bertillion → anthropometry/ mug writing strokes.
photography B. Detective Allan Pinkerton A. Retracing
→ pinkerton detective agency B. Retouching
C. Patching

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D. Shading A. disguised writing
B. cursive
C. hand lettering
D. block capital

Block → majuscule
10. If ballpoint was patented by John Loud, who Minuscule
patented the first practical fountain pen containing its
own ink reservoir? 19. A type of forgery which involves fraudulent
A. William Mitchel B. Lewis Waterman signature executed by actually following the outline of
C. Swamp Reed D. Harrison Ford a genuine signature with a writing instrument?
A. carbon outline process
11. A kind of erasure by using a rubber eraser, sharp B. indention process
knife, razor blade or picking instrument. C. Projection or transmitted light process
A. mechanical erasure B. electronic erasure D. traced
C. magnetic erasure D. chemical erasure → ink
eraditors

12. It is a typeface defect in which the print provides a 20. An illegible form of a writing which is characterized
double or overlapping impression. by partially visible depression appearing underneath
A. Actual Breakage B. Rebound the original writing.
C. Actual Breakage D. Clogged A. invisible writing
Typeface B. indented writing
C. Charred document
13. It is the identifying of similarities and dissimilarities, D. contact writing
determination of likelihood of occurrence, and weighing
down of the significance of each factor. 21. The following are public documents, EXCEPT
A. Analysis a. Written official acts, or records of the official acts of
B. Comparison the sovereign authority, official bodies and tribunals
C. Evaluation and public officers, whether of the Philippines, or of a
D. All of these foreign country.
b. Documents acknowledged before a notary public.
14. In the course of your examination, you encountered c. Last will and testaments.
a very important document to a particular case, d. Public records, kept in the Philippines, of private
however said document allegedly contain erasures documents required by law to be entered therein.
done mechanical abrasion which resulted in the
translucency of the document. Under the situation what 22. Mr. X is a construction worker who usually drink
best method can be employed to detect such erasure? during payday. One time while under the influence of
A. oblique light → side lighting from a low angle liquor Mr. X executed a document. Due to his condition
C. ordinary light an obvious deterioration is observed in his writing. Such
B. transmitted light Changes in his writing is known as?
D. infrared viewer a. Natural variation
b. Permanent change
15. A document completely written and signed by one c. transitory change
person is known as . d. Tremor
A. Holographic document
B. Questioned document
C. Standard document 23. Specimen of writing which was executed while the
D. None of the above writer’s hand is at steadied.
a. Natural writing
16. He is known Father of Questioned Document b. Disguised writing
A. Albert S. Osborn c. guided writing
B. Dr. Hans Gross d. assisted writing
C. Ordway Hilton
D. Edmond Locard coadjutant → guides the writer

17. The combination of the basic designs of letter and 24. A traced forgery of signature is not really a writing
the writing movement involved in the writing? but a,
A. copy book form a. Retouching c. Drawing
B. system of writing b. Patching d. tremor of fraud
C. erasure
D. Writing movement 25. It is the average limit of the pen or the reach of the
pen with the wrist at rest.
18. A specimen of writing prepared with deliberate a. pen position c. pen scope
intent of altering the usual writing habits in the b. skills d. speed
hope of hiding his identity?

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extensor d. invisible ink
flexor
36. It refers to the group of muscles which is
26. It is an imaginary or real line in which the writing responsible for the formation of the upward strokes.
rest. a. Flexor → downward strokes
a. baseline c. underline c. Lumbrical
b. foot d. base b. Cortex d. extensor

27. Strokes added to complete certain letters such as i- 37. The outer portion of a curve bend or crook?
dots and t-bars. A. humps
a. buckle knot c. diacritics B. arc -inner
b. embellishment d. flourish C. Knob
D. central part -body
28. An artificial light examination best used in
deciphering obliterated writing as well as addition. 38. What is that interruption in a stroke, caused by
a. ultra-violet light c. transmitted light sudden removal of the writing instrument from the
b. infra-red light d. oblique light paper surface?
A. Pen emphasis
29. It is the process of making clear what is otherwise B. pen lift
is illegible or that which is not visible to the naked eye. C. Pen scope
a. restoration c. decipherment D. Pen position
b. development d. examination E. Pen hold

30. A type of light examination in which the source of 39. The visible record of the written strokes resulting
light is coming from one side hitting the surface of the from a combination of various factors associated to the
paper/object at a very low angle. It is best used in motion of the pen? Is the overall quality of the
examination of indented writing as well as erasure. strokes?
a. direct light examination A. Obliteration
b. oblique light examination B. writing habits
c. side light examination C. line quality
d. transmitted light examination D. significant writing habits
E. Decipherment “Process of making out”

31. It is a critical side by side examination of two or 40. A specimen of writing which was executed in the
more specimen. regular course of one’s activities.
a. examination c. comparison A. requested
b. collation d. evaluation B. executed at one time
C. collected
32. A form of a typeface defects in which the characters D. day to day standard
are printed heavier in one side than the remainder of
its character. It is the unbalanced quality of prints. 41, An applicant for a job had tried to manipulate his
a. Actual breakage c. clogged typeface document (Birth Certificate) so that he would fit to the
b. off-its feet d. twisted letters age qualification. It found out that the document
contains some discrepancies in a form of addition and
33. A form of a typeface defects where the characters deletion of letters and figures in the document. Which
are leans to the left or to the right of their proper document would this fall?
position. A .inserted document
a. Horizontal mal alignment C. disputed document
b. off-its feet B. altered document
c. vertical mal-alignment D. obliterated document
d. twisted letters
42, Legally speaking, what is the description of the act
34. Which of the following is the best means of of passing, delivering, or giving a counterfeit coin to
developing and photographing obliterated and charred another person?
document? A. Counterfeiting B. Falsification
a. Photography with panchromatic film C. Reproduction D. Uttering
b. photography by ultraviolet light
c. photography by transmitted light 43. It is a process of spreading too much ink over an
d. photography by infra-red light original writing to make it undecipherable or illegible.
A. Obliteration B. Charred
35. Substance used for blotting or smearing over an Document
original writing (obliteration) to make illegible or C. Contact Writing → sudden contact of a fresh ink to
undecipherable. another surface D. Invisible Writing
a. ink eradicator
b. superimposing ink 44. A person who can write either with his left or right
c. sympathetic ink – invisible writing hand is called–

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A. Ambidextrous D. Knowledge question
B. Analogous
C. Bicephalous 2. It is conducted after the actual test designed
D. Dextrous or Dexterous to obtained confession or admission from the
subject.
45. It is a type of characteristics which is commonly A. Post-test Interview/interrogation
found in the specimen writing of other persons. B. Actual Test
A. Gross Characteristics B. Individual C. Chart Probing/ between the chart stimulation
Characteristics→ peculiar to an individual → done every after each chart
C. Class Characteristics D. A and C D. Investigation

46. signature in a check is suspected to have been 3. A question which is the same in nature with
forged. The signatory does not remember categorically that of the relevant question but broad in scope.
whether he had issued the check. The signature was A. Relevant question
compared with a genuine signature but both were in B. Comparison question
the same in size and shape. What will be your Directed lie comparison → instructed the subject
conclusion about the signature? to lie
A. genuine; the signatory only forgot the Probable lie comparison → probability the
issuance of the check subject will lie
B. genuine; both signatures are exactly the same Exclusive → specific time, date, place,
in size and shape category
C. forgery; the signatory just want to deny the “ between the ages of 20-24, have you taken
issuance of the check anything not yours?”
D. forgery; no signature is exactly the same Inclusive
in all aspects when compared “in your whole life, have you taken anything not
yours?”
47. Mr. A, a Chief of the Intelligence Division of PNP, C. Symptomatic question → we will not ask
will sign a “Confidential” file as an approval regarding unreviewed question
the operation against the notorious drug syndicate in “ do you believe me when I tell you that I will not ask
their locality. What class of signature does Mr. A questions that we did not go through word per word?”
executed? D. Neutral question→ irrelevant question
A. Formal or Complete
B. Informal or Cursory 4. This question is designed to generate
C. Careless Scribble reactions from truthful subject.
D. Forgery A. Relevant question → generate reactions from
deceptive subject → - score
48. It is a specimen of writing executed deliberately B. Comparison question → +score
with an attempt of changing its usual writing habits to C. Symptomatic question
hide his/her identity. D. Neutral question
A. Natural Writing
B. Hand lettering 5. A question to which it is likely that the
C. Guided/Assisted Writing examinee is untruthful with his answer
D. Disguised A. Comparison question
B. Directed lie comparison
49. It is a classification of document in which it is issued C. Probable lie comparison
by a public official in the exercise of the functions of his D. Untruthful question
office.
A. Public Document 6. “Between the ages of 20-28, have you ever taken
B. Official Document anything not yours?” is an example of _______
C. Private Document question.
D. Commercial Document A. Comparison question
B. Probable lie
50. Majority of questioned document cases are C. Exclusive
concerned with? D. Inclusive
A. Documents Age
B. Disproving Alibis 7. This question introduces the relevant question to the
C. Proving Authorship subject.
D. Counterfeiting A. Relevant question
B. Introductory question
V. LIE DETECTION TECHNIQUES C. Sacrifice relevant question
D. Symptomatic question
1. ”Did you participate in taking the missing money?” “regarding the stealing incident, do you intend to
is an example of _________. answer the questions truthfully?”
A. Primary relevant question
B. Secondary relevant question 8. This is designed to ensure that the
C. Evidence connecting question examiner will not ask un-reviewed questions or

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that the examinee is not afraid that the examiner will b. Global scoring → conspenificane →
ask un-reviewed questions. kung gaano kadalas makakita ng
A. Relevant question stronger reponse
B. Introductory question c. Computer scoring
C. Sacrifice relevant question Deception indicated
D. Symptomatic question No deception indicated
Inconclusive
9. In the peak of tension, _________ questions
asked before and after the relevant NUMERICAL SCORING
A. Irrelevant 7 POINT SYSTEM -3 -2 -1 0 , +1, +2, +3 (inconclusive
B. Padding ➔ repeat the exam)
C. Neutral +4 and above → truthful
D. Silent -4 and below → deceptive
3 POINT SYSTEM -1, 0 , +1 (inconclusive → repeat the
Comprise → marmaing irrelevant question and isang exam)
relevant question +2 and above → truthful
-2 amd below → deceptive
10. It is used to determine details of a crime that
are not known to officials, such as the location of an EMPIRICAL SCORING SYSTEM
unrecovered body, but would be known to a participant -2,, -1, 0 , +1, +2. +3
in the crime. -3 AMD BELOW → DECEPTIVE
A. Peak of Tension Test +4 AD ABOVE ➔ TRUTHFUL
B. Known Peak of Tension Test
C. Searching Peak of Tension test UPPER AND LOWER P → +1/-1 → 0 kapag walang
D. Collected Peak of Tension test pagbabago
EDA/GALVANOGRAPH → +2/-2
11. In this test, the examiner will shuffle the cards CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH → +1/-1
and each card will be shown to him, with the instruction
that he will answer “NO” to all cards , even if the one 14. Developed to obtain reliable test results and
being shown to him is the one he has seen earlier. reduce potential errors cause by bias inexperience
A. Stimulation test/ card test / polygraph examiners and scorer.
acquaintance test → answer all the questions A. Global Analysis
with a “no” B. Numerical Test Data
B. No Test C. Computer Scoring
C. Yes Test Polyscore
D. None of the above Cps pro
D. Clinical Approach
12. The reactions on the control (TRUTHFUL)
and relevant (DECEPTIVE) questions are 15. Test for the subject’s involvement to a known
compared via numerical scoring incident or to multiple issues of concern.
A. Card test A. Recognition Test
B. Comparison Question B. Deception Test
C. Guilt Complex test C. Peak of Tension Test
D. Peak of Tension test D. Card test

13. The systematic process by which a particular

set of decision is applied to the evaluation of diagnostic 16. Refers to the brief confrontation between the
features and other physiological data resulting in one subject and the polygraph examiner done every after
of the three outcome decisions. taking each chart.
A. Pre-test A. Initial Interview B. Pre- Test Interview
B. Test Data Collection C. Chart Probing D. Post- Test Interview
C. Test Data Analysis
D. Numerical Scoring 17. If the polygraph test result indicates
innocence, what should the examiner do?
PHASES OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION A. release the subject cordially
1. Initial interview B. thank the subject for his cooperation
2. Pre test C. ask the subject if he has any questions
3. Actual test D. all of the above
4. Post test
18. It is a type of question in which it established
New the norms of the subject and it pertains to the basic
1. Pretest → longest (intial +pretest) background of the subject. It only ask questions not
2. Test data collection(actual test) related to the matter under investigation.
3. Test data analysis
a. Numerical scoring A. Relevant Question B. Irrelevant Question

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C. Knowledge Question D. Evidence-Connecting C. Vasistra of Dharmasastra → DISCUSSED THE
Question JUSTIFICATIONS OF LYING
D. Legendary red book by Choi
19. Were you in the place of the Mr. Kenji on the
night of April 27, 2020?” is an example of what 27. Which of the following is a major component
question? of the polygraph machine?
A. Relevant question A. Blood pressure cuff
B. Irrelevant question B. Pen and inking system
C. Weak relevant question C. kymograph
D. Strong relevant question D. cardiosphygmograph

20. In a polygraph test, what test technique does 28. A part of the pneumograph component which
the examiner used if he utilized padding questions? was attached to the body of the subject with the usual
A. Peak of tension test length of 10 inches.
B. Stimulation test A. beaded chain
C. General question test B. rubber convoluted tube
D. Zone comparison test C. finger electrode plate →
EDA/GALVANOGRAPH // NON DOMINANT HAND INDEX
21. Which of the following causes physiological AND RING FINGER
changes in the body of the subject? D. blood pressure cuff →
A. Peak of tension test B. the fear of retaliation CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH
C. Irrelevant question D. Relevant question
29. An attachment of the cardiosphygmograph
22. It is a type of question in which it is designed which placed above the brachial artery.
to establish response from an innocent subject. A. arm cuff
A. Relevant Question B. infant cuff
B. Control Question C. Wrist cuff
C. General Question Test D. hand cuff
D. Peak of Tension Test
30. Generally speaking, all persons subjected to
23. A list of stimulus and non-stimulus words are lie detector examination are all _ and this creates a set
read to the subject who is instructed to answer as of distortion.
quickly as possible. A. Terrified
A. Word association test → FRANCIS B. nervous
GALTON C. convenient
B. Psychological stress evaluator → VOICE D. confident
FEQUENCIES → TRUTHFUL
C. Card test PROLONG THE PRE TEST → IF THE SUBJECT IS STILL
D. Hypnosis NERVOUS AFTER THE CNDUCT OF PRETEST
31. Is the normal rate of pulse beat of an adult
24. Under backster zone comparison test subject in a polygraph test?
technique, color zones are applied in identifying so A. 60 –65
many questions used during the test. If the color zone B. 70 – 75
for irrelevant question is yellow, what then is the color C. 6- 12
zone for strong relevant questions? D. 13- 15
A. Red
B. Black → SYMPTOMATIC QUESTION 32. What should be the mark placed on a chart
C. Green → COMPARISON/CONTROL paper at the start of the test?
QUESTION A. X/60/1.5 A
D. Orange B. X/50/2.5 A
C. XX/60/1.5 A → END OF THE CHART
25. A type of deceit for the purpose of humor, D. XXX/60/2.5 A
when the falsehood is generally understood, is often
regarded as not immoral and is widely practiced by 33. A type of test designed to overly responsive
humorists and comedians. subject, consisting of questions that are purely fictitious
A. Black lie incident of a similar nature to the one that is under
B. Red lie investigation?
C. Jocose lie → JEST, TEASE A. General question test
D. Malicious lie B. Symptomatic questions
C. guilt complex test
26. A Hindu book of science and health which is D. silent answer test
considered one of the earliest references on detecting
deception. 34. The first man noted for the use of the word
A. Ayur Vida “Polygraph”
B. Dharmasatra of Gautama → DISCUSSED THE a. Thomas Jefferson
NATURE OF LYING c. G. Gallilleo (Pulselogium)

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 b. F. Galton (word assoiciation test) a. evidence connecting question
d. Sir James Mackenzie c. sacrifice questions
b. knowledge question
35. Of the following which is a kind of polygraph d. control questions
machine?
a. Stoelting polygraph 44. A type of question designed to obtain a response
c. keeler's polygraph from an innocent subject.
b. Laffayette polygraph a. irrelevant question c.
d. all of these control question
b. relevant question d. none
36. Sets of electrodes are attached to the : of the above
a. palmar or tips of fingers of
convenience 45. A type of lie intended to mislead justice:
b. toes a. white lie
c. ankles c. black lie
d. neck b. red lie
d. malicious lie
37. What is the normal cyclic rate of respiration of a
normal built person in a polygraph test: 46. A type of liar who tells a lie due to mental disorder:
a. 60 –65 b. 70 – a. amateur liar
75 c. 6- 12 d. 13- 15 c. professional liar
b. pathological liar
d. situational liar

38. The investigator should avoid asking witnesses long 47. Who determines the guilt of the subject in a
complicated questions because this will: polygraph test?
a. Give the witness a chance to formulate desired a. Examiner
answer. c. Judge
b. Enable him to ascertain the purpose of the b. Prosecutor
interviewer. d. Investigator
c. Renders difficulty in obtaining the facts for conviction
d. Embraces him and cause him to answer he 48. Among the several other lie-detectors somewhat
does not know similar to keeler's is the Berkeley __________, a blood
pressure-pulse-respiration recorder developed by C.D.
39. The best way to conduct a thorough interview is for Lee in 1936:
the investigator to: a. photograph
a. allow himself sufficient time for adjustment c. kymograph
b. permit the interviewee to give narrative statement b. polygraph
c. be guided by a pre-arranged checklist d. psychograph
d. Devote adequate time for an interviewee’s evaluation
49. What is the first step to be done in a pre-test
40. For male subjects, what is the amount of air interview?
pressure is to be utilized in the system on cardio: A. ask the subject regarding all information the
A. 30 mm circumstances surrounding the commission of the crime
C. 90 mm B. examiner tells the nature and characteristics
B. 60 mm of the polygraph examination to the subject
D. 120 mm C. you are informed of your rights against
self-incrimination and your right to a counsel
41. What should be the attitude of a polygraph D. facts of the case must be prepared prior to the
examiner in confronting subject in a polygraph test? questioning of the subject to monitor response
a. arrogant
c. authoritative 50. Cold damp perspiration is a manifestation of shock,
b. cordial but firm fear and anxiety. Perspiration means?
d. antagonistic A. Breathing
B. Pulse beat
42. It is a type of series consisting of series of relevant C. Sweating
and irrelevant questions answerable by either yes or D. Heart rate
no:
a. general question test c. peak of tension
test VI. FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY
b. guilt complex test d. silent answer
test 1. He is credited in the creation of the first crime
laboratory in US which is founded in Berkeley,
43. Is that type of questions given to determine California.
information known or the subject possess regarding the A. Alexander Lacassagne → FATHER OF
crime or the criminal or his whereabouts? FORENSIC SCIENCE C. Hans Gross

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B. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. → KNOWN FOR HIS
FICTIONAL CHARACTERC→ SHERLOCK HOLMES 3 YEARS → NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
EDMOND LOCARD → SHERLOCK HOLMES OF FRANCE 5 YRS → COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
D. August Vollmer
SAPONIFCATION → FORMATION OF ADIPOCERE
(WHITISH-BROWN WAX) → GRAVE WAX/CORPSE WAX
2. It is the application of various sciences to
answer questions relating to examination and 10. The ABO system divides the human race into four
comparison of biological evidence and scientific blood types. Which of the following types has the
evidences. lowest percentage?
A. Criminalistics C. A. O type → COMMON
Forensic Science B. B type
B. Forensic Chemistry D. C. A type
Evidence Examination D. AB type

3. It is the major component of a glass. UNIVERSAL DONOR/GIVER → O

A. Lime B. Soda UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT → AB
C. Silica D. Gel
11. Deals with poison, their origin, physical and
4. Personal identification by dental characteristics is chemical properties, effects, treatment and methods of
called- detection usually on sudden and unexplained deaths:
A. Anthropometry B. A. Chemistry
Forensic Odontology B. Forensic Chemistry
C. Portrait Parle (VERBAL DESCRIPTION → C. Toxicology
SPEAKING LIKENESS) D. Poisonous Investigation
Victimology
12. What substance is capable of producing noxious
5. All of the following are accurate tests for the presence effect or destroy life once introduce into the body,
of alcohol in the human body except one: absorbed through the blood stream and acts
A. Saliva test chemically?
B. Harger Breath Test A. Protein B.
C. Fecal test Poisons
D. Blood test C. Enzymes D. none
of these
6. Personal identification by dental characteristics is
called- ANTIDOTE
A. Anthropometry
B. Forensic Odontology 13. Earliest known forensic pathologist or police
C. Portrait Parle surgeon, who performed the autopsy of Julius Caesar,
D. Victimology (ASSASSINATED → MARCUS BRUTUS) reporting that
out of the 23 stab wounds, only one penetrated the
chest cavity between the first and second rib which was
7. All of the following are accurate tests for the presence Caesar’s proximate cause of death.
of alcohol in the human body except one: a. Antistius
A. Saliva test c. Paulus Zacchias
B. Harger Breath Test b. Imhotep
C. Fecal test d. San Juan de Bautista
D. Blood test
ASSASSINATION → OLDEST FORM
TERRORISM
8. A person allowed who gives his/her opinion or
conclusion on a given scientific evidence is considered
14. It has for its characteristics as, bright scarlet in
A. interrogator color, with high oxygen content and leaves the blood
B. expert witness vessel with pressure.
C. prosecutor a. Arterial blood
D. judge c. Menstrual blood
b. Venous blood d. Human
9. The medical dissection (INCISION) and examination blood
of a body in order to determine the cause of death is?
15. In blood grouping, should there be no agglutination
A. Autopsy → INTERNAL
with either group A or B what would be the particular
EXAMINATION B.Post-Mortem Examination → blood group of the sample?
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION (WALANG DISSECTION/ a. Group A
INCISION) c. Group AB
C. Exhumation b. Group B
D. Saponification d. Group O
D.
INHUMATION → INTERMENT → LIBING punnet square
EXHUMATION -→ DISINTERMENT → HUKAY A+B ➔ A,B, AB
A,O → A or O

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 B,O → B,O d. Hippocrates

16. Rate of growth of human hair. 26. Kind of protein found in blood
a. 0.4 to 0.5 mm./day a. Leukocytes → wbc
c. 0.6 to 0.6 mm./day b. Thrombocytes → plasma
b. 0.5 to 0.6 mm./day c. Globin
d. 0.7 to 0.8 mm./day d. Hemo
Keratin → protein found in hair
2.5mm → month
27. they serve as the fighting mechanism of the body
RUDOLF VIRCHOW → POINTED OUT THE
against unwanted foreign microorganisms.
VALUE OF HAIR AS AN EVIDENCE
a. Leukocytes
17. Approximate average amount of semen per b. Thrombocytes
ejaculation under normal conditions. c. Erythrocytes
a. 2 to 2.5 cubic centimeters d. Serology
c. 5 to 10 cubic centimeters
b. 2.5 to 5 cubic centimeters 28. the joining of the clumping of antigen-bearing red
d. 10 to 15 cubic centimeters blood cells and the anti-bodies specific to that antigen
a. agglutination
18. This preliminary blood test will result to a blue b. antigen
color. c. heat test
a. Precipitin Test d. solubility test
b. Guaiacum Test
c. Takayama Test 29. consists of longitudinal fibers bearing the pigment.
d. Teichman Test → HEMIN CRYSTAL TEST → a. Cuticle → outer layer of hair
DARK BRWON RHOMBOID CRYSTALS b. Cortex/ middle layer
c. Medulla/ Core
19. Test to determine if blood is of human origin or not.
a. Benzidine Test d. Shaft
b. Precipitin Test
c. Takayama Test → HEMOCHROMOGEN TEST
→ SALMON TO DARK BROWN OR PINK
d. Acid Phosphate Test 30. It has for its characteristics as, bright scarlet in
color, with high oxygen content and leaves the blood
20. A system of Identification best used in case of vessel with pressure.
burned body. a. Arterial blood c.
a. Fingerprint Menstrual blood
b. Odontology b. Venous blood d. Human
c. Skeletal Identification blood
d. Photography
31. What part of the hair can DNA be found?
21. Barberio’s test if positive will give what color? a. Shaft
a. Dark Brown b. Tip
b. Blue c. Root
c. Red Orange d. Cuticle
d. Yellow
32. is defined as that branch of chemistry which deals
22. Gun powder residue maybe determined by? with the application of chemical principles in the solution
of crimes.
a. Takayama test
a. Forensic Toxicology
b. Diphenylamine test → PARAFFIN
TEST b. Forensic Chemistry
c. Autopsy c. Chemistry
d. Florence test d. Toxicology

23. Is a poisonous gas which smells like a rotten egg?

33. facility where analyses are performed on evidence
a. H2S c. CO2 performed by crime, they investigate physical, chemical,
b. CO d. H2O biological or digital evidence and often employ
specialists especially in the conduct of crime scene
24. A supercooled liquid which possess high viscosity investigation.
and rigidity.
A. dry ice B. a. Laboratory
cartridge case b. Crime Laboratory
C. gel c. Forensic Laboratory
D. glass d. Both b and c

25. Father of Modern Toxicology

a. Edmond Locard 34. DNA Profiles for convicted offenders and
b. Antoine Laviosier unidentified suspects in unsolved cases.
c. Mathieu Orfila

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a. AFIS → Automated Fingerprint Identification System → stimulant → excites the CNS
b. IBIS → Integrated Ballistic Identification System → hallucinogen → mind distortion →
c. CODIS → combined DNA Indexing System hallunication
d. Mug files → depressant → lowers the activities of the CNS
d. Synthetic drug → artificially produced substances
35. is a specialty area of medicine. Pathology is the
study of diseases and the bodily changes caused by the 41. a chemical substance used in the clandestine
diseases. manufacturing processes

a. Forensic Chemistry a. Immediate precursors

b. Forensic Toxicology b. Essential chemicals → chemical substance used as a
c. Forensic Pathology reagent or solvent
d. Forensic Anthropology c. Narcotics
d. Dangerous substance
36. science of the human skeleton and how it has
evolved over time
42. This is conducted to determine the presence of
a. Forensic Chemistry dangerous drug on submitted specimens.
b. Forensic Toxicology
c. Forensic Pathology a. Drug identification
d. Forensic Anthropology b. Qualitative examination → purity of the drug
c. Quantitative examination → amount of drug
father of anthropology → Cesare Lombroso d. Confirmatory test
father of anthropometry → measurement →
alphonse Bertillon screening test / preliminary test/ color test

37. branch of medicine concerning the diagnosis,

treatment, and prevention of mental illness
43. What is the basic ingredient for a single based
gunpowder?
a. Psychiatry → prescribe ng medicine
b. Psychology → counseling → behavior
a. Nitroglycerine
c. Forensic Engineering
b. Nitroguanidine
d. Forensic Computer Science
c. Nitrogen
d. Nitrocellulose

38. involved in the investigation of transportation double based → nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine

related accidents, material failures, and triple based → nitrocellulose + nitroglycerine +
structural failures. nitroguanidine

a. Psychiatry 44. Paraffin test originaated in ________.

b. Psychology
c. Forensic Engineering
a. China
d. Forensic Computer Science
b. Guam
c. Cuba → DR. GONZALO ITURRIOS
39. It is chemical substance t d. France

45. After ____ hours, no person shall be subjected to

paraffin casting.
hat brings about physical, physiological, behavioral or
psychological change in a person taking it. a. 24 hrs
b. 48 hrs
a. Chemical c. 72 hrs
b. Drug d. 100 hrs
c. Poison
d. None of the above 46. Paraffin test result is a conclusive evidence.

medicinal drug
a. True
dangerous drug
b. False
c. Yes
RA 9165 --< single definition → dangerous drug
d. No
RA 6425 → prohibited/ regulated drug

47. it is any chemical compound or mixture that under

40. is a substance affecting the central nervous
the influence of heat, pressure, friction, or shock
system which when taken into the human body brings
undergoes a sudden chemical change or decomposition.
about physical, emotional, or behavioral changes in the
person taking it.
a. Chemical
b. Bomb
a. Drug
c. Explosive
b. Medicinal drug
d. Dynamite
c. Dangerous drug

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48. this is extremely sensitive to detonation by heat,
shock, friction and impact and used primarily to start
an explosion like blasting caps and primers.

a. Low explosive → low burning

b. Primary explosive / INITIATING EXPLOSIVES
c. Secondary Explosive
d. High explosive → have a very fast or hught
detonating rate → dynamite

49. The fastest known explosive

a. RDX → cyclonite/ hexogen ➔ Royal Domilition
eXplosive
b. Trinitrotoluene
c. Octanitrocubane
d. Straight dynamite

50. Its content makes it the most dangerous type of

dynamite to handle and store.
a. Ammonia dynamite → most widely used dynamite
b. Trinitrotoluene
c. Octanitrocubane
d. Straight dynamite

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