Chemistry: Collisions zm [Link]® Effective Collisions! How can you increase the chances of a Particles reacting together? (Looking at an Aspect of Reaction Kinetics) — Virtual Lab Exploration Name: Dies rerick Date: 9099-06-09 As shown in the picture. A chemical reaction can be incredible to watch...it can be vigorous or be slight. Regardless, for a reaction to occur, collision theory tells us three rules for molecules and atoms to interact with each other in a successful collision, For a chemical reaction to occur, particles must: first collide... not just any collision, but they must collide with enough energy for the particles to react and finally, the particles must collide with the correct orientation or geometry so that the reacting parts of the atom or molecule are involved in the collision for a reaction to occur. Despite knowing these thre requirements for particles to react, it can often be difficult to understand exactly what an "effective collision” is. The simulation in this project will give you a chance to ave the conditions required at a molecular level for a reaction to take place. You will also observe sone of the factors that can either speed up or slow down a reaction, 2021-07-15 Page 1 of 9 Scanned with CamScannerC12U01P02 — Rev. June, 2018 [Link] Instructions: Before you begin be sure you have an updated version of JAVA. This can be downloaded at: Java Once you have JAVA installed, begin by opening the simulation at the following link: Reaction Rates .edu/en/simulation/legacy/reacti \d-rates) You will be required to download a file and then open it. When done correctly you should see the following screen: es sane Tae ele] Iie Teaee Taree os O+@=— G+e O+@— @+e Page 2 of 9 Scanned with CamScannercr 2U01P02 — Rev. June, 2018 [Link] Single Collisions. : i will cause the green line 1. Pulling down on the red plunger “7 energy diagram to move upward. Releasing the plunger will cause the yellow atom 2 to shoot up atthe purplerblue molecule. Do this and describe what happens inside the box. a how Gar Brerpy Serdng 0 cluce adequate actwation on activeded comolex ahar ceSul49 in the [the ycllow oom i aischogs’ with a Certown amount of Kuctie the Fed pleaget is pulled, The tlvager aust be drawn ereuoh 4 pr [Enemy Ror the Icewtion 40 occur, The atm ig brgught clog enadgh 49 Joo Aloe ik hes erngh ochwtinn eneigy 40 come a Succcrstul Callisien ROdvetion oF able gOduet+ 2. Isa reaction taking place at this point? How can you tell? [S¥ tecyches Abe aclivcttion comple whe WG dvogged for Enovgh 10 eve kinetic energy: Thea a feack-on oceves thot leads 40 the Synthesis of new moleeed- Ths ib eviaen Fram Ake way thot pee yellow cham combincds with Ue other moleele ba Lim ot Row eee Mee 3. Try pulling down the plunger different amounts...does pulling it down a a little = the as pulling it down all the way? Try a number of different amounts and explain the differences. Wo Towering it Slightly net aby Some ad \pwuering H comely. L execrionmtes wel AFCA omovnte ond Found twa duawing He ayy de Way LWA SCCIS OY Ale fraction While loweity, 14 WOO Hing OFT Ang it SwuH Significantly, Page 3 of 9 SEL Scanned with CamScannerPres €12U01P02 - Rev. June, 2018 [Link] 4, Raising the temperature will cause the reactants to move faster, You can do this by [Teese moving the bar on the temperature gauge upwards. Continue to increase the temperature | | :"** until you see a reaction take place. oe ower Describe the position of the green line when the reaction begins to take place [areas Toove Are complen 25 AWt localign ON Whe leen tine Whine we (uh Observe & teachin A Succes callsion eesulth Erarn Hariny Ale Biigdic Ene'g 1 40 a Newel whee’ it WES Enovgh Jactivortun energy 40 90 Ate cefivection cdmgler when rhe Aenoradele so ith eagugh+ 5. As we talked about in the introduction and in Unit 1 of the course, there are three requirements for an effective collision to take place, ‘* One: the reactants must collide. ‘© Two: they must have enough speed (energy). Three: they must have the correct geometry or orientation. When the Launcher is on Straight Shot the correct geometry is guaranteed to occur. Change this to Angled Shot and aim away from the molecule. Increase the temperature to force the reactants to move faster. Eventually you should have a collision which results in a reaction. Use your computers Snipping Tool to take a picture showing the new molecules and post it beside the one shown below. Do a search for snip to find the snipping tool. On a Mac hit Ctrl-Cmd-3 to snip the whole screen or COMMAND #+SHIFT+4 to snip a specific area of your screen. Scanned with CamScannerC12U01P02 - Rev. June, 2018 [Link] Many Collisions. 1. Press the blue tab at the top of the screen that reads: (RCSA vy.5 there was only a single collision that could occur it was fairly simple to make a reaction happen. Simply point the molecules at each other and ensure you have enough speed (energy). Once you have multiple reactants bouncing around things get alittle more complex. Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy. However for a reaction to take place you only need one set of reactants travelling fast enough when they collide. The others can all be moving much more slowly and that has no effect, 2. Click the button on the bottom right that reads Show stopwatch Set the current amounts of both A and BC to 5: Press start on the stopwatch. Each time it goes up by about 200, increase the temperature slightly. Watch carefully to see when the first reaction takes place. 3. In the single collision section the green line had to be above the top of the curve for a reaction to take place. Was that necessary to see a reaction here? Why or why not? [VSe gicen Vint 33 teqied V0 be oboe She cule Wh Vike i+ BRIN a Single Conihin Wack ons Even Abough there wtte mere enc\eevigs tnvelved 1A a. melliply coll igiony Done of Abn nad enw h Kinaic energy to teach the cuties Tasted ley had eno gh Gesivotiba enegy 4g” hee Fetctan eed ix whee ex Red CIN te cotide with one Onetver ene incase ME WFeNnAod OF Gueesfenl collisions 4. Reset the simulation by pressing: |_Reset Al Set the initial temperature to its lowest setting. Change the current amounts of A and Bc to 100 each. What do you observe in the box? N00 molecules end 19084 motecuied ove Peeat in the WOx -lovd Ake feacdiin i6 luck Skace Mee isnt entugh Kinetic ererpy fot the rnalecues 40 mover 5. There is a special name for this temperature. What is it? If you aren't sure try googling: lowest possible temperature, The oleblute init Aemgclatere iy known 05 elnSoluie Belo. LHS © Place where there 19 0 lect enctoy, Wh ich PEWATS mareculey fram, MOVIN GAB atoms Ererm, Page 5 of 9 Scanned with CamScannerC12U01P02 — Rev. June, 2018 [Link]> 6. Reset the simulation. Click the bar button under Chart options. Raise the initial temperature to its highest setting. Change the current amounts of A and Be to 100 each. Let the simulation run for about two minutes and then describe what is happening both in the box and to the bar graphs. Tn the box mitecules collide With one Aber quickly, ond S9ate OF hye edlliseeng fveesstely eck Entering lemay end etek NEw Maeedtes AMEE 2 wines he Nost-farney molecules ore Aevelling ond collider ia tke Wox WK eating Sar Her Ne -Rotmed BAS fore evendleS hen Form Aeiny 0+ Wighee in ake ker QOgr, dot inory ofS Ww. The Rend Be Qroiny ai wich 1 m0 Longer wnbving WIE AL AR ond © bor i Rate Experiments: 1. Press the blue tab at the top of the screen that reads: DA Start by setting the A and Be to have 100 each. Click the Bar button and the Show stopwatch. Your screen should now look like the following: : Scanned with CamScannerNeat C12U01P02— Rev. June, 2018 [Link]’ 2. As close to the same time as possible, click the Begin Experiment button and the Start button. ‘When the amount of Ab and C reaches 10 click stop and record the time in the table on the next page under Trial A. Repeat the same experiment two more times for Trial B and Trial C. Repeat the experiment with each of the values of A and Be given in the table. Calculate the average time for cach, Calculate the rate using the following formula: 1 Rate = Time ‘When doing this experiment be carefull not to change the temperature at any time. Table 1: Simulation Reaction Rates Amount of Reactants |100 | 90 80 70 60 50 Time Trial A 3P | 77 |hy 98 oe | YS Time Trial B 84 | 36 G5 bo “4a “6 Time Trial C oa | 76 V4 57 | 44 Average Time gre} 76.3 | 68 | $63 | S13 | 4S Rate [Link]§ 19-018) JOON |9-9t7l | 9, 0\44]0.0008 Graph: Create a graph with Rate on the vertical axis and Amount of Reactants on the horizontal axis, A program like Microsoft Excel is ideal but you can also graph on a piece of graph paper. Page 7 of 9 Scanned with CamScannerArmaunt OF Reacteats \Oo. bo. Yo. + Q00NS OvlBl OOD Ovnl71 ae OF M0, Rate. of Readim Scanned with CamScanner©12U01P02 - Rev. June, 2018 igs [Link]® Questi ns: 1. The size of the box never changes as you do this experiment. This means that increasing the ‘amount of reactants is equivalent to increasing the concentration, On your graph, what happens to the Teaction rate as you increase the amount of reactants? The reaction fede increatey catiry with He cmwunt of (ectenes. 2. Using the term "effective collisions” explain why this might be. bmalccnles myoh coltide with Suiticiemt KIE IA order Ag bow succesSl1 collisinns. The Whethacd of muleeutes ettibing with eneegh KR to earde a chemical feachin WnereekeG with the wurther Of wolccules Gredentetky warld (Celt in @ GuecetSbul” cal’ 3. This is a real experiment with fairly large sources of error. List two possible sources of error. Due Whe ell caused vy” Me eahly OF Sich & bege number of woleevtedy 4M teactiun 19 Skewes. ne The Mew deey betwen Pushing Sart Erperinead enh Stop Storwatch cold toe one PONE Gouee of Wistake, 4. [Link] life situation, changing the concentration of one reactant will result in a linear change in the reaction rate. Is your graph a straight line? Wo We qiogh is co ver, Sight curved ting, 5. If your answer above was No please explain why. When 1entereaded 5 Scatter graphy 15 205] 49 Sec tal te practin Twat Dceuting IN @ Stiaigll Une Wyecaese even i€ the Runner oF teretents 1g calling Ae (eaten Aime iy Filing Since H+ eke longer Cor malccoles to Seacefully collide. Wh creates a stght eutve on the qrerke Page 8 of 9 Scanned with CamScanner€12U01P02 — Rev. June, 2018 WCLNes Reflection: Looking back at our criteria for a successful collision, suggest ways to increase AND decrease effective collisions in each example: a. Having particles collide (how do I increase this and how do I decrease this) Regervtn cequisd cotligitnd loctween Molecvtes-W the % wnetecuies A od B ote tO Feact Amey vost collide Arorgly eMaugh For the tgands beawern them 40. breaks FS ond wien 144 Kigh flee When the Corcentrotion 1D low ket eve Mer colli Ole wnere collisiands b. Collide with enough energy? (how do I increase this and how do I decrease this) A ond B mush collide with enavgh eacigy ty loreak Cheaical loons Ta order to bee eftective in Ini Hating a chemical (coe bign, Mets becavir we thymical onshore Generated A ty paductl derig every chemical fenctians Molccutes Move quicker and callile Sanger oF Aue Aempcvotre Figesy increatita IN chonce TFC Bond Ao break, When the dempat AHS mecley Herel Slower OAL dnl cfticieatly callide- © Collide with correct orientation or geometry? (how do I increase this and how do I decrease this) For the right citemd Ao align with eachsther ond for lends ae bieele end, Fedtiny miles woust clash 19 We Draper orientations Vnere will ke 1e5$ Collisisns they will be eect the ¥ WEE oF TAG FOr Larger Rue compheeted meleceles. Thete oh ott, Neb Succ sul the legs Pleverlenk the OFeaetim criterion Lor a cbllision race 1My Oriemtatisn need WV were catisi ang Tye Page 9 of 9 Scanned with CamScanner