Cataloging Library Resources

using AACR2R and RDA in

MARC 21 Format
By Brigida E. Bacani
 What does MARC mean?
•stands for MAchine Readable Cataloging
“Machine-readable” means that one particular
type of machine, a computer, can read and
interpret the data in the cataloging record.

“Cataloging record" means a bibliographic

record, or the information traditionally shown
on a catalog card.
Reasons for Using MARC Records
1. Allows sharing of records

2. Allows sharing of resources

3. It is a standard

4. It is easy to learn
Types of MARC21 Records
1. MARC21 bibliographic records
– provide descriptions
– give access to those descriptions
– contain bibliographic information

2. MARC21 authority records

– provide established headings
– provide cross references
– used for authority control
Types of MARC21 Records
3. MARC21 holdings records
– provide holdings information
about individual items

4. MARC21 classification records

- Contain information about
classification numbers
 MARC Terms & Definitions
MARC Tag
– a 3-digit number
– identifies the kind of data found in the field associated
with it
Example:
020 tag marks the International Standard Book Number
(ISBN)

100 tag marks a personal name main entry (author)

 MARC Terms & Definitions
MARC field
– the entire string of information identified by
the tag

Example of MARC FIELD

100 1_ _a Pirsig, Robert M.
 MARC Terms & Definitions
MARC indicator
– 1-digit code (either a number or a blank
space)
– gives the system special instructions
about the data found in the field that
follows it
Example of MARC indicator

245 14 _a The emperor's new clothes /

_c adapted from Hans Christian
Andersen and illustrated by Janet Stevens.

Indicator
 MARC Terms & Definitions
MARC subfield delimeter
– are characters that separate a different
subfield
- Different software programs use different
characters to represent the delimiter; ex. are: a
double dagger ‡, an at sign @, a dollar sign $ ,
or an underline _
 MARC Terms & Definitions
MARC Subfield Code
– an alphanumeric code (0-9 or a-z)
– identifies the kind of data that will be found in the
subfield that follows
- usually one lowercase letter preceded by a delimiter

Each type of data within the field is called a subfield, and each
subfield is preceded by a subfield code

Example:
300 ## _a 675 p. : _b ill. ; _c 24 cm.

## = blank
UNIQUE INFORMATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE
MARC RECORD

1. LEADER
-is the first section in a MARC record
- It contains coded information about the record
-It consists of the first 24 characters of the
record, but much of the information in the
leader is for computer use
 Information Recorded in the LEADER
1.1 Record status (05)
a=increase in encoding level
c=corrected or revised
d=deleted
n=new
p=increase in encoding from prepublication (previous CIP)
1.2 Type of record (06)
a=language material
c=printed music
d=manuscript music
e=cartographic material
f=manuscript cartographic material
g=projected medium
i=nonmusical sound recording
j=musical sound recording
k=2-dimensional nonprojectable graphic
m=computer file
o=kit
p=mixed materials
r=3-dimensional artifact or naturally occurring object
t=manuscript language material
 Information Recorded in the LEADER
1.3 Bibliographic level (07)
a=monographic component part
b=serial component part
c=collection
d=subunit
i=integrating resource
m=monograph/items=serial
1.4 Descriptive cataloging form (18)
#=non-ISBD
a=AACR2
i=ISBD
u=unknown
1.5 Type of control (08)
#=no specified type
a=archival
UNIQUE INFORMATION AT THE BEGINNING OF MARC
2. DIRECTORY
-Defines the contents of a record by showing what tags are present, where
tags should be placed, and the length of each field within the record.
-It is always constructed by the computer and does not require any
calculation or data entry by the cataloger
- The directory begins with the first tag- 001
3. VARIABLE CONTROL FIELDS
3.1 001 = Control Number
-Often generated by the cataloging software. When doing original cataloging
this tag is not filled out.
3.2 005 = Date and Time of Latest transaction
- this field contains 16 characters specifying the date and time this record
was edited or manipulated
UNIQUE INFORMATION AT THE BEGINNING OF MARC
3.3 008 = Fixed Field Code
-Another important field is 008, the Fixed-Length Data
Elements, or Fixed Field Codes
-Encoded here are such information as
-date entered on file,
-type of date/publication status,
-place of publication, production, or execution,

Like the leader much of the information is for computer use

 WORKING ON AACR2 & MARC 21
ME: Main Entry
The main entry is the principal heading under which a work will be
entered in the catalog
Main entry may be under:
 the heading for the personal author chiefly responsible for the
intellectual content
 the corporate body
 the title
-The main entry is coded in the 1XX fields . As main entry there is only
one such field per record so it is non-repeatable (NR).
- There are 4 types of 1XX fields.
100 Personal name
110 Corporate name
111 Meeting name
130 Uniform title
 100 MAIN ENTRY – Personal Name
Indicator 1: Type of personal name entry element
0 Forename
1 Single surname
2 Multiple surname
3 Family name
Indicator 2: is undefined
Subfields used most often:
a Personal name
b Numeration
c Titles and other words associated with a name
q Fuller form of name
d Dates associated with a name (usually year of birth)
EXAMPLE:
100 1# _a Gregory, Ruth W.
_q (Ruth Wilhelme),
_d 1910-
110 Main Entry – Corporate Name
Indicator 1 Type of corporate name
0 Inverted name
1 Jurisdiction name
2 Name in direct order
Indicator 2 *Undefined (since 1991)
Subfields
a Corporate or jurisdiction name (NR)
b Subordinate body (R)
Subfield b is preceded by a period. A period should be placed at the end of the
last subfield, unless another mark of punctuation (such as a hyphen or
parenthesis) is present
Examples:
AACR2
110 1# _a Philippines. 110 2# _a University of Mindanao.
_b Court of Appeals.
RDA
110 1# _a Philippines.
_b Court of Appeals,
_e author.
110 2# _a University of Mindanao,
_ a author.
111 Main Entry – Meeting Name
Indicator 1 Type of meeting name
0 Inverted name
1 Jurisdiction name
2 Name in direct order
Indicator 2 *Undefined (since 1991)
Subfields

a Meeting or jurisdiction name (NR)

d Date of meeting (NR)
c Location of meeting (NR)
Example:
111 2# _a Paris Peace Conference
_d (1919-1920)
111 2# _a Philippines-Book Information Science and Technology
Conference and Fair
_d (4th : 2010 :
_c Davao City)
 AREA 1. Title and Statement of Responsibility –
MARC FIELD 245
Area 1 in AACR2 records the
- title proper,
- general material designation if appropriate,
- other title information, and
- statement/s of responsibility.
Area 1 is represented by the MARC field 245 and is not repeatable (NR). The
subfields are:
a for title proper
h for GMD (if appropriate)
p for Name of part/section of a work
b for other title information
c for statement of responsibility
INDICATORS
Indicator 1: is for title added entry.
0 – no title added entry (indicates a title main entry)
1 – title added entry
Indicator 2: is for non-filing characters
0-9 – number of non-filing characters present, including spaces; usually set at
zero, except when the title begins with an article, e.g., The, A, An. For
instance, for the title The Robe, the second indicator would be set to 4. The
letters T, h, e, and the space following them are then ignored in alphabetizing
titles. The record will automatically filed under “r” (robe)
EXAMPLES
AACR2
245 1 4 _a The advancement of learning :
_b building the teaching commons /
_c Mary Taylor Huber, Pat Hutchings ; foreword
by Lee S. Shulman.
RDA
245 10 _a Fundamentals of nursing /
_b Anne Welsh [and three others]
GMD
The general material designation (GMD) shall no
longer be used. Instead , additional tags
Tag 336 for content type
Tag 337 for media type
Tag 338 for carrier type shall
Example:
 AREA 2. Edition Statement
MARC Field 250
The MARC format will appear as:
250 ## _a Edition statement /
_b statement of responsibility relating to
the edition.
INDICATORS are undefined
ExamplesL
AACR2
_a 6th ed.

RDA
_a 6th edition
_a Seventh edition
AREA 3. Material (or Type of Publication) Specific Details Area

This area is applicable only to the following:

Cartographic materials (MARC field 255)
Music (MARC field 254)
Electronic resources (MARC field 256)
Continuing resources (MARC field 362)
 Area 3 - Cartographic materials
MARC field 255

Called the mathematical data area, this

area contains the statement of scale, the
statement of projection and the
statement of coordinates and equinox.
The subfields are:
a - statement of scale
b - statement of projection
c - statement of coordinates & equinox
(optional)
 Continuing resources
MARC FIELD 362
This area is applicable to serials and is referred to as the numeric
and/or alphabetic, chronological, or other designation area.
This area is represented by the MARC field 362 (NR).
Subfield:
a - numeric and/or alphabetic designation
- chronological designation
Examples:
AACR2
362 0 _a Vol. 1, no. 1 (Dec. 1957)-
RDA
362 0 _a Volume 1, number 1 (December 1957)-
 AREA 4. Publication, Distribution, etc. area
MARC FIELD 260
Area 4 in AACR2 records the place of publisher, name of publisher, and date of
publication.
The MARC field is 260 (NR). MARC Field 264
_a place _a Place of production, publication,
distribution, manufacture (R)
_b publisher _b Name of producer, publisher,
distributor, manufacturer (R)
_c date _c Date of production, publication,
distribution, manufacture, or copyright
notice (R)
Indicators (MARC Field 264)
1st - Sequence of statements 2nd - Function of entity
# - Not applicable/No information 0 – Production
provided/Earliest 1 – Publication
2 – Intervening 2 – Distribution
3 - Current/latest 3 – Manufacture
4 - Copyright notice date
Examples:

AACR2
260 ## _a New York : 260 ## _a Makati City :
_b McGraw-Hill, _b Grandwater Pub.,
_c c2010. _ c 2011.
RDA
264 #1 _a New York :
_b McGraw-Hill,
_c 2010.

264 #4 _c ©2010
 AREA 5. Physical description area
MARC FIELD 300
Area 5 records extent of item, other physical details, dimension
and accompanying material if any.
INDICATORS are undefined.
The MARC field is 300 which is repeatable (R). The subfields are:
a for Extent of item
b for Other physical details
c for Dimension
e for Accompanying material (if any)
Examples:
300 _a139 p. : _b ill. ; _c24 cm.
300 _a 139 p. : _b col. ill. ; _c 24 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
300 _a 1 sound disc (62 min.) : _b digital, stereo ; _c 4 3/4 in. +
_e 1 booklet.
 AREA 6. Series area
MARC FIELD 440
Area 6 records series title, statement of responsibility relating to
series, ISSN and volume number
The MARC field is 440 (R). The subfields are:
a for Title
x for ISSN
v for volume number
INDICATOR 1 is undefined. Indicator 2 is for nonfiling characters
Examples:
440 # 4 _a The acquisitions librarian series ; _v11.
440 #0 _a Monographs in world archaeology, _x 1055-2316 ; _v no.
24.
 AREA 7. Note area
MARC FIELD 5XX
Area 7 in AACR2 records notes that qualify or amplify the
formal description.
The MARC field is 5XX (R). The subfield used most often:
a General note (Used when no specialized note field
has been defined for the information.
Examples: Notes regarding the index; the source of the
title; variations in title; descriptions of the nature,
form, or scope of the item.)
Some commonly used MARC 5XX fields (R)
310 – Frequency
500 – General note
502 – Dissertation note
504 – Bibliography note
505 – Formatted contents note
508 – Creation/production credit note
510 – Review sources
511 – Participant or performer note
520 – Summary, abstract, annotation, scope, etc., note
521 – Target audience note
526 – Study program information note
530 – Additional physical format note
538 – System details note
546 – Language note
586 – Awards note
Examples
500 _a Includes index.
504 _a Includes bibliographical references (p.109-110) and
index.
520 _a A documentary video that filled with credible revealing
and detailed accounts, eyewitness interviews, rare photos,
exclusive film footage and expert revelations.
502 _a Thesis (M.A.)--University of Mindanao, Davao City, 2009
AREA 8. Standard Number & Terms of Availability Area
MARC FIELD 020 and 022
The MARC field is 020 (R). The subfield used :
a ISBN / ISSN
q Type of binding
c Terms of availability
z Cancelled ISBN/Invalid ISBN
AACR2
020 _a 9780764335105
_q (pbk.)
RDA
020 _a 9780764335105
_q (paperback)
 The 6XX Fields
The 6XX fields are subject heading fields
Commonly used 6XX fields
600 – Subject added entry – Personal name (R)
610 – Subject added entry – Corporate name (R)
650 – Subject added entry – Topical term (most
subject headings fit here) (R)
651 – Subject added entry – Geographic name (R)
 600 – Subject added entry
Personal name (R)
Subfields used most often
a - Personal name (surname and forename)
b - Numeration
c - Titles and other words associated with a name
q - Fuller form of name
d - Dates associated with a name (generally birth/death
years)
t - Title
x - General subdivision (R)
y - Chronological subdivision
z - Geographic subdivision (R)
2 - Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7)
Examples:
AACR2
600 1 0 _a Shakespeare, William,
_d 1564-1616
_x Comedies
_x Stage history.
RDA
600 1 0 _a Rizal, Jose,
_d 1861-1896
_e author
_v Letters.
610 – Subject added entry
Corporate name (R)
Subfields used most often
a - Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry
element
b - Subordinate unit (R)
x - General subdivision
y - Chronological subdivision
z - Geographic subdivision (R)
2 - Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator
of 7)
Example:
610 1 0 _a Philippines.
_b Supreme Court
_x History.
650 – Subject added entry
Topical Term (R)
Subfields used most often
a - Topical term
x - General subdivision (R)
y - Chronological subdivision
z - Geographic subdivision (R)
v - Form subdivision
2 - Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7)
Examples:
650 0 _a Theater
_z Philippines
_x Biography
_v Dictionaries.

650 0 _a Accounting
_x Data processing.
651 – Subject added entry
Geographic Name (R)
Subfields used most often
a - Geographic name
x - General subdivision (R)
y - Chronological subdivision
z - Geographic subdivision (R)
2 - Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7)
Examples:
651 0 _a Philippines
_x History
_y 1812-1898.
651 0 _a Philippines
_x History
_x Revolution.
The 7XX Fields
Added entry fields
Commonly used 7XX fields
700 – Added entry – Personal name (R)
710 – Added entry – Corporate name (R)
Examples:
AACR2
700 1 0 _a Ramos, Leticia
710 2 1 _a Sunburst Communications (Firm)
710 2 1 _a University of Mindanao
RDA
700 1 0 _a Ramos, Leticia,
_e author.
710 2 1 _a Sunburst Communications (Firm),
_e author.
710 2 1 _a University of Mindanao,
_e author.
 References

The chief source of information for the MARC

presentation is Understanding MARC Bibliographic,
7th ed. by Betty Furrie. This is downloadable in pdf
format at: http://www.loc.gov/marc/umb.

Also available in print from the Library of Congress and

Follett Library Software.

Thank You!