Electronic Devices
Final Term
Lecture - 02
Reference book:
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory (Chapter-5)
Robert L. Boylestad and L. Nashelsky , (11th Edition)
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
COMMON-EMITTER VOLTAGE-DIVIDER BIAS
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
COMMON-EMITTER VOLTAGE-DIVIDER BIAS
INPUT IMPEDANCE, Zi
𝑹′ = 𝑹𝟏 ‖ 𝑹𝟐
𝒁𝒊 = 𝑹′ ‖ β𝒓𝒆
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE, Zo
VOLTAGE GAIN, Av
𝒁 𝒐 = 𝑹𝑪 ‖ 𝒓𝒐 𝑽 𝑽𝒊
𝑽𝒐 = −β𝑰𝒃 (𝑹𝑪 ‖ 𝒓𝒐 ) = −β( 𝒊 ) (𝑹𝑪 ‖ 𝒓𝒐 ); 𝑰𝒃 =
β𝒓𝒆 β𝒓𝒆
𝒁𝒐 ≅ 𝑹𝑪 |𝒓 ≥ 𝟏𝟎𝑹𝑪
𝒐 𝑽𝒐 (𝑹𝑪 ‖ 𝒓𝒐 ) 𝑹𝑪
𝑨𝒗 = =- , 𝑨𝒗 = - |
𝑽𝒊 𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒐 ≥ 𝟏𝟎𝑹𝑪
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
EXAMPLE
• EXAMPLE 5.2: For the network of Fig. 5.28 :
• Determine re, Zi, Zo (with ro = ∞), Av (with ro = ∞) and Repeat with ro = 50 kΩ.
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American International University-Bangladesh
EXAMPLE Contd.
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COMMON-EMITTER EMITTER-BIAS CONFIGURATION:
UNBYPASSED RE
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American International University-Bangladesh
IMPEDANCE CALCULATION
INPUT IMPEDANCE, Zi
𝑽𝒊 = 𝑰𝒃 𝜷𝒓𝒆 + 𝑰𝒆 𝑹𝑬
= 𝑰𝒃 𝜷𝒓𝒆 + (β + 𝟏)𝑰𝒃 𝑹𝑬
𝑽
𝒁𝒃 = 𝑰 𝒊 = 𝜷𝒓𝒆 + (β + 𝟏)𝑹𝑬
𝒃
𝒁𝒃 ≅ 𝜷𝒓𝒆 + β𝑹𝑬 = β(𝒓𝒆 + 𝑹𝑬 )
𝒁𝒃 ≅ β𝑹𝑬 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑹𝑬 ≫ 𝒓𝒆
𝒁𝒊 = 𝑹𝑩 || 𝒁𝒃
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE, Zo
𝒁 𝒐 = 𝑹𝑪
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
GAIN CALCULATIONS
VOLTAGE GAIN, Av
𝑽
𝑽𝒐 = −𝑰𝒐 𝑹𝑪 = − 𝜷𝑰𝒃 𝑹𝑪 = − 𝜷(𝒁 𝒊 ) 𝑹𝑪
𝒃
𝑽𝒐 𝜷𝑹𝑪
𝑨𝒗 = =-
𝑽𝒊 𝒁𝒃
𝑺𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒁𝒃 ≅ β(𝒓𝒆 + 𝑹𝑬 )
𝑽𝒐 𝑹𝑪
𝑨𝒗 = =-
𝑽𝒊 𝒓𝒆 +𝑹𝑬
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒁𝒃 ≅ β𝑹𝑬
𝑽𝒐 𝑹𝑪 The negative sign in gain
𝑨𝒗 = =-
𝑽𝒊 𝑹𝑬 equations reveals 180° phase
shift between input and output
waveforms.
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American International University-Bangladesh
COMMON-EMITTER EMITTER-BIAS CONFIGURATION:
BYPASSED RE
Bypassed
If RE is bypassed by an emitter capacitor CE, the complete re equivalent model can be
substituted, resulting in the same equivalent network as Fig. 5.22. Equations of slide no. 13
are therefore applicable.
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American International University-Bangladesh
EXAMPLE
• EXAMPLE 5.3: For the network of following Fig, without CE (unbypassed), determine: re, Zi, Zo & Av.
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EXAMPLE Contd.
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EMITTER-FOLLOWER CONFIGURATION
• This is also known as the common-collector configuration.
• The input is applied to the base and the output is taken from the emitter.
• There is no phase shift between input and output.
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
IMPEDANCE CALCULATIONS
INPUT IMPEDANCE, Zi
𝒁𝒊 = 𝑹𝑩 || 𝒁𝒃
𝒁𝒃 = 𝜷𝒓𝒆 + (β + 𝟏)𝑹𝑬
𝒁𝒃 ≅ β(𝒓𝒆 + 𝑹𝑬 )
𝒁𝒃 ≅ β𝑹𝑬 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑹𝑬 ≫ 𝒓𝒆
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
IMPEDANCE CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE, Zo
𝑽𝒊
𝑰𝒃 = ,
𝒁𝒃
𝑽𝒊
𝑰𝑬 = 𝜷 + 𝟏 𝑰𝒃 = 𝜷 + 𝟏
𝒁𝒃
𝜷 + 𝟏 𝑽𝒊
𝑰𝑬 =
𝜷𝒓𝒆 + (𝜷 + 𝟏)𝑹𝑬
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 (𝜷 + 𝟏) ≅ 𝜷
𝑽𝒊
𝑰𝑬 =
𝒓𝒆 + 𝑹𝑬
𝑻𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒁𝒐 , 𝑽𝒊 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐
𝒁𝒐 = 𝑹𝑬 || 𝒓𝒆 𝒁𝒐 = 𝒓𝒆 |𝑹 ≫ 𝒓𝒆
𝑬
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
GAIN CALCULATIONS
VOLTAGE GAIN, Av
𝑽𝒊 𝜷 + 𝟏 𝑹𝑬
𝑽𝒐 = 𝑰𝒆 𝑹𝑬 = 𝜷 + 𝟏 𝑰𝒃 𝑹𝑬 =
𝒁𝒃
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒓𝒐 ≥ 𝟏𝟎𝑹𝑬 and 𝜷 + 𝟏 ≅ 𝜷
𝑩𝒖𝒕 𝒁𝒃 ≅ 𝜷(𝒓𝒆 + 𝑹𝑬 )
𝑽𝒐 𝜷𝑹𝑬 𝑹𝑬
𝑨𝒗 = ≅ ≅
𝑽𝒊 𝜷(𝒓𝒆 + 𝑹𝑬 ) (𝒓𝒆 + 𝑹𝑬 )
❑ See Example 5.7
Faculty of Engineering
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COMMON-BASE CONFIGURATION
• The input is applied to the emitter.
• The output is taken from the collector.
• Low input impedance.
• High output impedance.
• Very high voltage gain.
• No phase shift between input and output.
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
CALCULATIONS
INPUT IMPEDANCE, Zi
𝒁 𝒊 = 𝑹𝑬 ‖ 𝒓𝒆
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE, Zo
𝒁 𝒐 = 𝑹𝑪
CURRENT GAIN, Ai
VOLTAGE GAIN, Av 𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝑬 ≫ 𝒓𝒆
𝑽𝒊
𝑽𝒐 = −𝑰𝒐 𝑹𝑪 = − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪 = 𝛂𝑰𝒆 𝑹𝑪 ; 𝑰𝒆 = 𝑰𝒆 = 𝑰𝒊
𝒓𝒆
𝑰𝒐 = − 𝛂𝑰𝒆 = − 𝛂𝑰𝒊
𝑽𝒊 𝑽𝒐 𝜶𝑹𝑪 𝑹𝑪
𝑽𝒐 = 𝜶 𝒓𝒆
𝑹𝑪 ; 𝑨𝒗 = = ≅ 𝑰𝒐
𝑽𝒊 𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆 𝑨𝒊 = = −𝜶 ≅ −𝟏
𝑰𝒊
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
COMMON-BASE CONFIGURATION
• Phase Relationship:
The fact that Av is a positive number shows that Vo and Vi are in phase for the common-base
configuration.
• Effect of ro :
For the common-base configuration, ro = 1/hob is typically in the megohm range and sufficiently
larger than the parallel resistance RC to permit the approximation ro || RC ≅ RC.
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EXAMPLE
• EXAMPLE 5.8: For the network of following figure, determine: re, Zi, Zo, Av, Ai.
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End of
Lecture-2
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American International University-Bangladesh
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