Gandhian Ideologies What is Gandhian ideology? = Gandhian ideology isthe set of religious and social ideas adopted ‘and developed by Mahatma Gandhi first curing hi period in South ‘Atiea from 1893 t0 1914, and later in India, = Gandhian philosophy is not only simukaneously poltical, moral and religious, itis also traditional and modern, simple and complex. t ‘embodies numerous Western influences to which Gandhi was ‘exposed, bu s rooted in ancient Indian culture harnessing universal moral & religious principles. ‘The philosophy exists on several planes the spiral or religious, ‘oral, poltieal, economis, social, individual and collective, © The spitualor religious element, and God, are at its core © Human nature is regarded as fundamentally virtuous. © Allindividuals ae believes to be capable of high moral development, and of reform = Gandhian ideology emphasises not on idealism, but on practical Idealism. = Gandhian philosophy isa double-edged weapon. Its objective is to transform the indvidual and soctety simultaneously in accordance Filter By Papers a ue Mana Answer viring PrWith the principles of tuth and non-violence. = Gandhij developed these ideologies from various ins “atlonal sources vis Bhagyad Geeta, Jainism, Sudchism, able, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Tolstoy, John Ruskin among others. ©. Tolstoy's book The Kingdom of Ged s within you had a deep influence on Mahatma Gandhi © Gandhij paraphrased Ruskin’ book Unto this Last’ as Sarvodaya’ These ideas have been further developed by later “Gandhians", most notably, in India by, Vinoba Bhave and Jayaprakash Narayan and ‘outside of Inia by Martin Luther King J. and others Major Gandhian Ideologies ‘Truth and nonviolence: They are the twin cardinal principles of Gandhian thoughts, © For Gandhi uth s the relative truth af truthfulness in word and dood, and the absolute tuth-the timate reality. This ultimate truth is God (as God is also Truth) and morality =the moral laws and code- its bas © Nonviolence, far from meaning mere peacefulness or the absence ‘of overt violence, is understood by Mahatma Gandhito denote active love-the pole opposite of violence, in every sense. Nonviolence o lave is regarded as te highest law of humankind. = Satyagraha: Ganchi called his overall method of nonviolent action ‘Satyagraha, It means the exercise ofthe purest soul force against all injustice, oppression and exploitation © tis amethod of securing rights by personal suffering and not ats New torial Qe (15thDacamber 2023) ane Preto Question (6 paper 9) "The adoption of lect eile is reply goming worlwide How do ‘etre vehicle” Intemational umn Salary Day 2023] tates upaate [OnTAS Exgleh “Wate on YouTube Newspaper alse The Inian Epress| 20 Dec 2028 Dns 1S Engleh~ Wate on YouTube Sambhav(Oay27)~Malns Sambhav(0ay27)~ Prelims cue Asie ene = 19th Des 2028 Turse ex See aS liven Yoen Estria onUnmasing et Wing ‘© The origin of Satyagraha can be found in the Upanishads, and in. —_‘Btemismin india the teachings of Buddha, Mahavira and a numberof ther ther ‘greats including Tolstoy and Ruskin, surat Damond ourse-Atte ‘Sarvodaya- Sarvodaya isa term meaning Universal Upliftor ‘Progress of All. The term was fist coined by Gandhi as the tle of his vanslation of John Ruskins tact on political economy, Unto This Last’ IngiOman fstera Meet-Aile ‘Swaraj Although the wore swara) means seltul, Gandhi gave it the content of an integral revolution that encompasses all spheres of ie. © For Gandhi swaraj of people meant the sum total of the swar), (selérule) of individuals and o he cafes that fr him ewara} ‘meant freedom for the meanest of his caunt-ymen. And in ts fullest sense, sara) is much more than freedom from all restraints itis setae, selfestraint and could be equated with rmoksha or salvation ‘Trusteeship- Trusteeship is a socio-economic philosophy that was propounded by Gandhi © provides a means by which the wealthy people would be the trustees of trusts that looked after the welfare ofthe people in general © This principle reflects Gandhi's spiritual development, which he ‘owed partly to his deep Involvement with and the study of ‘theosophical literature and the Bhagavad Gia ‘Swadeshi The word swadeehi derives from Sanskelt and is 2‘dest means country, So swadesh means one's own country. ‘Swadesh, the adjectival form, means of one's own co try, but can be loosely translated in most contexts as self-sufficiency. ' Swadeshi i the focus on acting within and from one's own ‘community, both poltically and economical Lis the interdependence of community and sel-suficieney. © Gandhi beloved this woulé lead to independence (swara), as British contol of India was rooted in contol of her indigenous industries. Swadeshi was the key tothe independence of India, ‘and was represented by the charkha othe spinning wheel, the “center ofthe solar system” of Mahatma Gandhi constructive program. Relevance in Today's Context = The ideals of truth and nonviolene, which underpin the whole philosophy ae relevant to all humankind, and are considered as universal by the Gandhians. ‘= More than ever before, Mahatma Ganchis teachings are valid today, when people ae trying to find solutions to the rampant greed, widespread violence, and runaway consumptive style of living 1 The Gandhian technique of mobilising people has been successfully ‘employed by many oppressed societies around the world under the leadership of people ke Martin Luther King in the United Stat Nelson Mandela in South Africa, and Aung San Suu Kyl in Myanms ‘which is an eloquent testimony to the continuing relevance of Mahatma Gandhi = Dalai Lama said, "We have abig war going on today between worldpeace ana wona war, petween ue force oF rn ana Yorce ot materialism, between democracy and totalitarianism” tis precisely to ight these big wars thatthe Gandhian philosophy 1..eded in contemporary times. ‘In my ite, have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration, ecause he embodies the kind of transformational change that can ‘be made when ordinary people come together to do extracrdnary things" Barack Obama Conclusion ' Gandhian ideologies shaped the creation of institutions and practices here the voice and perspective of everyone can be articulated, tested and transformed. © According t him, democracy provided the weak with the same chance as the strong = Funetioning onthe basis of voluntary cooperation and dignified & peaceful co-existence was replicated in several other modern democracies. Also, his emphasis on politica tolerance and religious pluralism holds relevance in contemparatyIncian polities ‘Truth, nonviolence, Sarvodaya and Satyagraha and ther significance Constitute Gandhian philosophy and are the four pillars of Gandhian thought For Mind Map