2023

Sustainability
Report
For a Better Reality.
 03 Leadership letter

04 About

Table of
07 Our sustainability vision

09 How we operate
Path to net zero
Responsible supply chain 35 How we collaborate

Contents
Workplaces Employee engagement
Data centers Carbon removal partnerships
Risks and opportunities Water positive in 2030
Biodiversity Climate policy
Sharing climate insights
29 What we create
Product circularity 42 Looking ahead
Elevating accurate information
Small businesses sustainability 43 Data index

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A MESSAGE FROM

Rachel Peterson
VICE PRESIDENT, DATA CENTER STRATEGY

As of 2020, our global suppliers to determine their products are built and managed water stewardship, circularity, decarbonization, extends beyond
operations reached net zero Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions, set — while protecting workers and low-carbon alternatives. our data centers and offices,
emissions and are supported by reduction targets and promote and the environment in our including emissions from the
100% renewable energy. We are strategic action. supply chain. Operating sustainable data server components our suppliers
now reaching toward the goals centers is foundational to our manufacture to our employees’
of net zero emissions across We know that reaching net zero Within our global footprint, our sustainability strategy. Our commutes. We do not have all
our value chain and becoming emissions across our value chain data centers generate the highest strategy is anchored by three of the answers yet, but we
water positive throughout our will not be an easy task. Right percentage of our energy use, components — how we commit to continuing to share
operations, aiming to achieve now, our Scope 3 emissions are water use and GHG emissions, operate, what we create and our journey with you through
both of these milestones increasing and will continue to which is why increasing their how we collaborate. this annual report.
in 2030. do so as we work to support the efficiency is critical in maintaining
global demand for the services net zero operations and striving Our size and global reach give This report details our progress in
Meta’s net zero in 2030 we provide. for a net zero value chain. us the opportunity — and 2022 and looks to the challenges
goal focuses on embedding the responsibility — to drive facing us in 2023 and beyond.
sustainability into everything We see our role as protecting Our approach to data center sustainable change across our Follow our journey by visiting our
we do, whether designing people and the planet through sustainability focuses on using industry. Our work to reduce sustainability homepage↗.
products, commuting, selecting responsible operations — less — less energy, water, emissions will drive market
construction materials or minimizing our emissions and the unnecessary infrastructure, and availability for other companies
working with suppliers to set energy and water used to power waste — and building the most to do the same.
their own net zero targets. For our data centers that enable efficient buildings we can. We
example, through our Net Zero users to access our products further reduce our environmental Our challenge, to transform
program, we work closely with and the workplaces where those impact through renewable energy, our ambition into rapid

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Our mission

Giving people the power to

build community and bring
the world closer together.

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About Meta

META BUILDS TECHNOLOGIES THAT HELP

PEOPLE CONNECT, BUILD COMMUNITIES
AND GROW BUSINESSES.

When Facebook launched in

2004, it changed the way people
connect. Apps like Messenger,
Instagram, and WhatsApp
further empowered billions
around the world. Now, Meta
is moving beyond 2D screens
toward immersive experiences
like augmented and virtual reality
(AR/VR) to help build the next
evolution in social technology.

We have offices in more than 90 cities across North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia
Pacific and Latin America. We also own 21 data center locations globally.

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About this report

In line with TCFD the accuracy of our data. Our

recommendations, we conduct environmental metrics and
climate-related risk and methodology can be found in
opportunity assessments to help the index of this report. In
us take the right measures to 2022, our external auditor,
build our company’s resilience. Apex Companies, LLC, audited
We disclose emissions annually our environmental data. You can
based on the Greenhouse Gas access our audit certifications
(GHG) Protocol and update our here↗. Our full data index can
GHG emissions as we increase be found here↗.

2023 environmental 2023 Responsible Business the Sustainability Accounting

sustainability progress Practices Report↗ and Standards Board (SASB),
immediately follows our 2021 Internet and Media Services
Meta’s 2023 Sustainability Sustainability Report↗. Industry Standards; the United
Report reflects our work during Nations (UN) Global Compact,
the 2022 fiscal year (January This year’s report was prepared the UN Sustainable Development
1-December 31, 2022) unless in reference to the Global Goals (SDGs); and the Task Force
otherwise noted. It builds on Reporting Initiative (GRI) for Climate-Related Financial
topics outlined in our standards with guidance from Disclosures (TCFD).

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Our sustainability vision

We are in the
business of
building better
realities — and not We envision a just and equitable
transition to a zero-carbon
the energy and water used to
power our data centers that
community members, climate
action leaders and scientists

just virtual ones.

economy and are working in enable users to access our to innovate beyond what is
partnership with others to products and the workplaces possible today. We are leveraging
scale inclusive solutions that where those products are our core apps and services to
help create a healthier planet built and managed — while enable access to climate science
for all, ensuring that no one is protecting workers and the information and to accelerate
left behind. environment in our supply chain. action-oriented resources
for tomorrow.
We see our role as protecting At the same time, we
people and the planet through acknowledge we will not realize
responsible operations — this vision on our own. We
minimizing our emissions and continue to collaborate with

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For a better reality

What we create
How we operate
We push the boundaries of what is possible, creating
We are committed to protecting what is truly important:
solutions where none existed and building apps and
The well-being of people and our planet.
services that enable change.

• Take bold climate action by minimizing our footprint, championing • Provide access to new ideas, accurate information and ways to take action
renewable energy, restoring water resources, engaging our suppliers and via content on our platforms.
supporting climate justice.
• Amplify content from scientists and climate action leaders.
• Respect human, labor and civil rights in our operations and supply chain.
• Design new apps and services with diverse needs and values in mind.
• Cultivate diversity and inclusion in our operations.
• Elevate small businesses and spur economic growth.
• Boost energy and water efficiency in our data centers.
• Integrate circular practices in our facilities and hardware.

• Engage experts to guide our sustainability and • Work with local power utilities to enable
How we collaborate social impact initiatives. our facilities and local businesses to procure
We tackle the important renewable energy.
• Connect researchers with insights.
issues by creating
• Share our environmental learnings and practices
partnerships and joining • Join forces with non-governmental organizations
throughout the tech industry and beyond.
established initiatives. (NGOs) and community organizations to create and
implement locally beneficial environmental initiatives.

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How we operate

To create a better
reality, we must
start by improving
our own practices,
processes and
culture. To be good stewards of our
planet and maintain the trust
of shareholders, employees,
suppliers, customers and
partners, we must operate
sustainably, responsibly and
ethically and communicate
transparently in everything we do.

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Path to net zero

SINCE 2020, WE HAVE MAINTAINED

NET ZERO EMISSIONS IN OUR
GLOBAL OPERATIONS.
Meta’s 2022 carbon footprint
mt CO2e
1% Scope 1 66,934
To get there, we reduced our We know that achieving net
<1% Scope 2 273
operational emissions by 94% zero value chain emissions in
99% Scope 3 8,466,264
from a 2017 baseline, primarily 2030 is going to be difficult,

8.5M
30% Purchased Goods & Services 2,545,466
by supporting our data centers and this challenge requires 63% Capital Goods 5,346,583
and offices with 100% renewable material shifts in how we build <1% Fuel & Energy-Related Activities 12,658
2% Upstream Transportation & Distribution 176,636
energy. Our renewable energy infrastructure and operate
<1% Waste Generated in Operations 18,519
commitments have reduced our business. Our approach to metric tons of CO2e 3% Business Travel 251,807
our GHG emissions by more reaching our goal will evolve <1% Employee Commuting 45,054
than 12.3 million metric tons of over time as we transform our <1% Upstream Leased Assets 3,444
carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) business and explore climate <1% Downstream Transportation & Distribution 16
<1% Use of Sold Products 62,306
since 2018. solutions that will scale with
<1% End-of-Life Treatment of Sold Products 3,775
varying degrees of success.
But reaching net zero emissions
in our operations is not enough.
Meta’s responsibility to We removed 80,000 tons of CO2 through
decarbonize our footprint extends carbon removal projects to cover our Scope 1
beyond our data centers and and 2 emissions.
offices. To align with the Paris
Agreement↗, we have set a
goal to reach net zero emissions
across our value chain in 2030.

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Path to net zero

Early in this decade, we do 39% smaller than our location-

not expect decarbonization based emissions in 2022,
and business growth to be in reflecting significant emissions
Total location- vs. market-based emissions
harmony. In fact, our emissions reduction from initiatives such
15,000,000
increased 46% in 2022 due as our procurement of 100%
to Meta employees returning renewable energy. In the coming Our 2022 market-based
to offices and because our years, we will build upon the emissions were 39% smaller
business growth accelerated at strong foundation for emissions than our location-based
10,000,000
a faster pace than we can scale reduction we have set in 2022 emissions (14 M tons CO2e).
decarbonization measures. with our suppliers and across Our market-based emissions
our value chain as detailed adjust for emissions reductions
This reality underscores the throughout the rest of this report. from purchasing decisions
need for us to drive innovative More details on our path to net 5,000,000 we have made. This includes
solutions across our business zero can be found here↗. our contracting of more than
and in collaboration with our 10,000 megawatt (MW) of
suppliers today, so that growth renewable energy and purchase
can happen sustainably. We are 0 of more than 1 million gallons
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
already seeing tangible results of sustainable aviation fuel for
in our push to decarbonize our Location-based Market-based business travel, which has an up
operations. Particularly, our to 80% lower carbon footprint
market-based emissions were than traditional jet fuel.

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Path to net zero

Reducing our emissions

The core principles guiding our approach to
Reducing GHG emissions across We are setting a science- emissions reduction include:
our global operations and value aligned emissions reduction
chain is a top priority and the target in line with what is
most effective strategy to reach necessary to transition to a
net zero. Failure to reduce zero-carbon future, and we have Designing with less and reducing the volume
emissions today will lock in roadmapped our strategy to of materials in construction and hardware,
high-carbon intensity business systematically transform the extending the life of hardware components
tomorrow. Rapid decarbonization way we do business. and reducing waste.
is our best chance to limit the
worst impacts of climate change,
which is critical to sustain healthy Choosing better and incorporating
and equitable communities. principles of circularity into our supply
chain, construction and purchases.

Embracing low-carbon technology and

finding alternatives such as low-carbon fuels
and innovative new materials.

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Path to net zero

SUPPORTING EFFORTS TO DECARBONIZE
Enabling renewable energy
ELECTRICITY GOES WELL BEYOND THE

Supporting our operations with PROCUREMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

100% renewable energy is critical FOR OUR OWN OPERATIONS.
to our net zero strategy and is
no small task as our business
continues to grow.
We partner with many of the opportunity to pursue renewable
largest utilities in the U.S. to energy projects via their retail
add renewable energy onto their electricity service and address
systems in ways that work for their own sustainability goals.
both Meta and other customers.
Not all utilities offer electric rates Our renewable energy projects
(or tariffs, as utilities call them) represent an estimated $14.2
that allow customers to support billion of capital investment in
their facilities with new renewable new infrastructure, supporting
energy projects. When this is an estimated 74,000 one-year
the case, we work with utility jobs throughout the U.S. over
Our portfolio of more than 10,000 MW of contracted renewable energy projects makes Meta one partners to create green tariffs the 10-year construction phase
of the largest corporate buyers of renewable energy globally, and the corporation with the largest that provide our facilities, and (averaging 7,400 jobs per year).
operating portfolio↗ in the U.S., with more than 5,500 MW online. other energy customers, with the

Photo courtesy of Ørsted

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Path to net zero

Putting emissions first encourage companies to Engaging our suppliers to Capacity building
purchase an amount of drive net zero progress Deliver capacity-building content to enhance
Meta is part of the Emissions renewable energy equal to that suppliers’ sustainability maturity.
First partnership, a coalition of the electricity purchased. To help us reach net zero
of like-minded companies that emissions across our value chain Accounting
created a set of objectives and This approach has driven in 2030, we are partnering with Gather annual GHG emissions and help suppliers
principles aiming to update hundreds of new renewable our suppliers to commit to understand the material activities leading to
purchased electricity GHG energy projects onto grids Silicon Ranch Solar science-aligned GHG reduction those emissions.
emissions accounting systems around the world. Since 2012, targets and to use 100%
to better drive carbon reductions. Meta’s corporate procurement We've partnered with renewable energy for Meta- Target setting
has galvanized more than Silicon Ranch, one of the related production and services. Engage collaboratively with suppliers to set
GHG accounting standards 10 gigawatts (GW) of new largest independent power GHG reduction targets for 2025 and 2030 in
provide the framework renewable energy, enough to producers in the U.S., By the end of 2026, we intend alignment with the science and the context of
companies use to ensure the power more than 750,000 on 16 projects totaling to engage with suppliers that our business together.
climate solutions they pursue homes. approximately 1,500 MW of represent at least two-thirds
are credible and will meet new solar energy, including of our supplier spend budget Execution
the criteria to be included in Focusing on the emissions 720 MW contracted in through: Work directly with suppliers to create
corporate climate goals. impact of electricity generation Georgia and Tennessee in accountability, partnerships and executable action
rather than comparing 2022. Silicon Ranch’s model plans in a supplier-specific, prioritized manner.
To reduce emissions from megawatt-hours used vs of land management co-
purchased electricity (Scope megawatt-hours purchased locates renewable energy
2), accounting standards and is critical to unlocking production with regenerative
emissions calculation programs decarbonization at scale. agriculture practices.

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Path to net zero

Nature-based carbon removal mitigation potential. These

projects are available now and technologies can offer durable
begin sequestering carbon within carbon storage, especially
the first years of implementation. geologic storage that is less
These projects also address vulnerable to reversal. Supporting
the multifaceted nature of a wide range of projects today
climate change beyond carbon aligns with the urgency needed
sequestration and can provide to address climate change.
positive local impacts such as
supporting community resilience Our carbon removal
or increasing the ecological health projects:
of a region.
Photo courtesy of Western Rivers Conservancy
• Demonstrate additionality.
Removing what we will require carbon removal Emerging technologies like direct • Are designed and monitored Our strategy seeks to expand the restoration projects in California,
can’t eliminate projects to reach our net air capture will be a necessary for durable carbon storage. voluntary carbon market toward Australia and Mexico. You can
zero goal. complement to emissions • Support local livelihoods the types of high-quality projects read more about our carbon
While our climate strategy reduction and nature-based to enable climate justice we value and that align with the removal projects here↗.
prioritizes achieving significant Supporting a diverse portfolio removals in order for the world to and equity. highest environmental and social
emission reductions, some of natural and technological reach a zero carbon future. These • Benefit the environment standards. In 2022, we supported
emissions from hard-to-abate carbon removal projects is projects will require early demand by supporting biodiversity, agroforestry, improved forest
sectors will remain difficult to essential to maximize near-term signals to scale and are in various habitat or water resources. management and ecological
eliminate by 2030. Any residual climate impact while supporting stages of research, development, • Are quantified using existing
emissions we cannot eliminate necessary carbon removal and deployment; nevertheless, standards and verified by a
solutions for the future. many have a high global climate third party.

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Responsible supply chain

Our approach begins with form the basis of our RSC

establishing clear expectations program. We work closely with
Meta is part of a complex value with our suppliers through our our suppliers to help them build
chain that touches lives and standards and policies. The internal capabilities to meet our
communities around the globe. Responsible Business Alliance requirements and improve their
Our Responsible Supply Chain (RBA) Code of Conduct↗, overall sustainability performance.
(RSC)↗ program strives to Meta’s Anti-Slavery and Human
empower workers and protect the Trafficking Statement↗ and
environment — through open and Meta’s Conflict Minerals Policy↗
frequent communication with our
suppliers; deep understanding
of core sustainability issues;
and initiatives that support
safe, healthy and fair working
conditions. Focusing on social
and environmental responsibility
within our supply chain enables
us to protect workers; promote
circularity; proactively identify,
assess and mitigate risks to our
business; and drive responsible
manufacturing practices.

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Responsible supply chain

Developing our suppliers

Our approach to supplier questionnaires and other types

development is based on a of on-site assessments. For
continuous improvement model, any identified areas of concern,
working closely with suppliers we work with suppliers to
to help them understand, prevent understand root causes, develop
and mitigate risks in and to corrective action plans, and
their business. assess closure.

We use a risk-based methodology Throughout this process,

to regularly assess suppliers’ ongoing supplier dialogue and
social and environmental risks, engagement are key. We engage
then engage with them to with suppliers in an array of
build their capabilities to meet programs that aim to improve
Meta’s expectations. We assess working conditions, support
supplier conformance to the worker well-being, maximize
RBA Code of Conduct and other resource efficiency, reduce
Meta standards via independent environmental risks, and lead to
third-party audits, supplier sustained progress.

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Responsible supply chain

Improving worker Ensuring health & safety We are focused on safe process policies and procedures in
well-being chemical management by place to protect worker safety.
Effectively protecting leveraging the RBA Industry Surveying tools, desktop reviews
We are committed to improving Building on risk assessment Meta provides a variety of workers and the environment Focus Process Chemicals and in-person facility-level
the working conditions and work conducted with suppliers, training programs for our in our supply chain means Policy↗. Working with key data assessments also support our
sustained performance of in 2022 we also worked with a suppliers as a way to directly understanding and focusing center hardware and Reality suppliers in developing corrective
Meta’s hardware supply chain by third-party consultant to evaluate support them and further enable on ways to mitigate the Labs supplier sites, we assessed actions and improvement plans.
keeping workers at the core of how gender is integrated into our the business. For example, in environmental, health and safety
what we do. core RSC standards and tools 2022, we enlisted the help of (EHS) risks associated with
and developed programming and third-party experts to design and the activities our supply chain
Through our Worker Well-being engagement opportunities with launch the Building a Respectful partners undertake on our behalf.
program, we use surveying partners to bring more focus Workplace training program.
tools, worker engagement, and to this issue. Making our RSC This program builds suppliers’ In 2022, we conducted an in-
training and capability building to program more gender-responsive and workers’ understanding of depth questionnaire and on-
understand workers’ needs and aligns with the United Nations harassment and discrimination site EHS risk assessment for
perspectives. We engage directly Guiding Principles on Business in the workplace, including selected supplier sites based on
with workers through mobile and Human Rights↗ and the gender-based vulnerabilities, and a prioritization exercise. This led
surveys that provide insights into Organisation for Economic supports their capacity to identify to the development of practical
key worker sentiment. Co-operation and Development and address these issues. toolkits to help suppliers and
(OECD) Guidelines for Meta’s sourcing managers
Multinational Enterprises↗. By Building a Respectful Workplace implement best practices for
investing in programs centered engages all functions and levels managing the most common
on equity and justice, we support of employees and cultivates EHS issues.
a more resilient supply chain employee empowerment by
for all. creating peer coaches who share
learnings with their coworkers.

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Responsible supply chain

Responsible sourcing Addressing forced We also partner with external

labor risks organizations to support holistic
ALLOWING CUSTOMERS TO PURCHASE
Meta recognizes that the extraction of raw materials — including approaches to address the root
REFURBISHED PRODUCTS(coltan),
cassiterite, columbite-tantelite FOR OUR
wolframite and gold, Meta is opposed to all forms causes of forced labor in global
DEVICES DELIVERS
and their derivatives tin,THE SAME
tantalum andUSER
tungsten (known as of human trafficking, slavery, supply chains.
“3TG” or “conflict
EXPERIENCE minerals”)
WHILE — mayGENTLY
GIVING contributeUSED
to armed conflict servitude, forced labor and all
and human rights abuses in certain high-risk contexts. We are other trafficking-related activities Collaborating for supply
PRODUCTS NEW LIFE.
committed to the responsible sourcing of minerals used in our as noted in our 2023 Anti- chain excellence
consumer hardware products and expect our suppliers to share Slavery and Human Trafficking
this commitment. Meta’s Conflict Minerals Policy↗ guides our Statement↗. Our statement Collaborating with external
responsible minerals sourcing practices and expectations for includes information on preventing partners to develop solutions
our suppliers. forced labor risks in our supply helps us advance our own
chain, including risk assessment responsible supply chain
and due diligence processes. work and amplify positive
In 2022, we launched a new impact beyond our industry.
course for Meta employees to Our key responsible supply
increase internal awareness of chain partnerships include
Meta's commitment, policies the Responsible Business
and practices to prevent forced Alliance↗, the Responsible Labor
labor risks in our business Initiative↗, the Responsible
operations and supply chains. Minerals Initiative↗, and the
Open Compute Project↗.

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Creating healthy,
sustainable workplaces

While the way we look at We are targeting a 50% reduction

the traditional office culture Our workplace sustainability in workplace carbon emissions
has changed drastically, our program is focused on the in 2030 (from a 2019 baseline),
commitment to providing following priorities: which we aim to achieve through
workplaces that are healthy, the following reduction goals:
safe and sustainable will not
change. We focus equally • 32% reduction in office
on the people inside our energy consumption.
workplaces as the natural Climate Circularity
environment around them. • 50% reduction in waste
generated in office operations.
Our approach to workplace
sustainability is driven by • 35% reduction in employee
climate action as well as Biodiversity Commitment commute emissions.
promoting the health and well-
being of our employees. • 40% reduction in embodied
carbon of building materials
and furniture.

• 54% reduction in carbon

intensity of culinary offering.

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Creating healthy,
sustainable workplaces

We target third-party Meta has offices certified

sustainability certifications by the following third-party
across our global office portfolio certification programs:
to ensure high-performance
design and operations targeted • LEED rating system↗
at resource efficiency and provides a framework for
occupant health. healthy, efficient and cost-
saving green buildings. All
Meta offices over 100,000 • Fitwel↗ provides a framework • WELL Health-Safety Rating↗ • GreenStar↗ is an Australian • ISO 50001 standard↗
square feet are required to be for healthy buildings focused provides a framework for green building rating system specifies requirements for
LEED Gold or higher. on sustainable sites, exercise, facility operations and that provides a framework establishing, implementing,
healthy foods, health management focused on for reducing climate change, maintaining and improving an
62 Meta office buildings programming, safety and preparing real estate assets enhancing health and quality energy management system.
are LEED Certified (as of emergency preparedness. for critical health-safety of life, protecting biodiversity
December 31, 2022). issues. and fostering resilience. ​​​​​​​ 4 Meta offices are ISO 50001
10 Meta office buildings Certified (as of December 31,
9 Meta offices received LEED are Fitwel Certified (as of 177 Meta offices were WELL Meta’s Sydney office is 2022).
Certifications in 2022. December 31, 2022). Health-Safety Rated in 2022 GreenStar Certified (as of
(certification valid January December 31, 2022).
2022-January 2023).

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Setting the standard for data

center sustainability

Meta’s top 10 sustainability 4. Eliminate waste. Use less 7. Support electric vehicles.
conserve energy and water, priorities for data centers stuff to begin with and Provide infrastructure to
reduce waste, treat our land promote a zero-waste encourage carbon-free
and communities with respect, 1. Push efficiency first. culture by reusing and transportation.
responsibly source materials, Aim to drive energy recycling as much as we
and provide healthy workspaces and water efficiencies can. 8. Measure and report
for our people. Together, this with advanced IT and our impact. Track and
comprehensive approach has mechanical, electrical and 5. Buy better products. report our environmental
led to 100% of our operational plumbing design. Improve visibility into our impacts linked to data
data center buildings earning, construction materials center construction and
at minimum, LEED Gold 2. Use renewable energy. supply chain and source operations.
certification. Continue supporting our building products that
Meta's data centers are part of GHG emissions. Also responsible data centers with 100% have a low GHG footprint 9. Drive innovation.
the global infrastructure that for the highest percentage of As we look to the future, we renewable energy. and safe chemistry. Experiment with new
brings our current technologies Meta water use, operational have streamlined our approach technologies and build
to life and supports immersive data centers rely on water for to data centers to a new 3. Be a good neighbor. 6. Boost wellness. Create social value by sharing
experiences in the metaverse. evaporative cooling during architecture that we believe Minimize our impact to healthy, delightful our successes with the
And, supported by 100% summers and humidification will be more cost-efficient and the land, air, water, noise workspaces that foster world.
renewable energy, they are during winters. more flexible. This pivot in and atmosphere, and employee wellness and
among the most advanced and design will set us up to support prioritize sustainability productivity. 10. Focus on impact. Stay
efficient in the world. Our data We have a strong track record both artificial intelligence (AI) strategies most true to these principles.
centers generate the highest incorporating design and and non-AI workloads at our important to a region’s
percentage of our energy use and construction strategies that data centers. unique character.

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Setting the standard for data

center sustainability

In our data centers, we’re focused low-carbon concrete options

on reducing the embodied based on standardized criteria
carbon, defined as the CO2e and help us integrate these
generated by the manufacturing options into our data center
and transporting of building design and construction program.
materials and the construction
process. To support efforts to Data center water efficiency
scale the use of sustainable
construction materials such Water is a key resource used in operating our data centers and
as low-carbon concrete, Meta is used primarily for evaporative cooling during summers and
became a sponsoring member of humidification during winters. Relative humidity, temperature
the American Concrete Institute’s and airflow are three key factors to maintaining an ideal To date, we have certified 34 • One in Altoona, Iowa.
Center of Excellence for Carbon operating environment for servers. LEED Gold or better data center
Neutral Concrete↗ in 2022. This buildings, totaling over 22 • One in Papillion, Nebraska.
partnership will enable us to vet In 2022, we tested increasing our data hall temperature million square feet. We are also
from 85°F to 90°F at select pilot campuses. The preliminary a platinum member of the U.S. • One in North Huntsville, Alabama.
results indicate a reduction of over 50% of our water use Green Building Council. In 2022,
over the summer season, with little to no impact↗ to our data six of our new construction data • One in Eagle Mountain, Utah.
center operations. center buildings, in the following
locations, were awarded LEED • Two in Newton County, Georgia.
Gold certification, totaling over 5
million square feet:

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Setting the standard for data

center sustainability

Integrating circularity To enable greater circularity In our data centers, we prioritize process and have landed
within our supply chain, we SIMPLIFIED VIEW OF META’S APPROACH the use of post-consumer hundreds of new racks
We believe evolving from linear focus on eliminating the use TO CIRCULARITY IN OUR DATA CENTERS recycled (PCR) plastics and containing reused components
to circular production and of hazardous substances and recycled metal in our hardware within our fleet. The quality
consumption is critical for a prioritizing the responsible and system design to enable a of the reused components
better reality, which is why we takeback, reuse, and recycling more circular supply chain, and continues to show excellent
have integrated circularity into of electronic equipment. Our thus, reduce the embedded results, with some of the
our net zero emission strategy. Materials of Concern Standard Materials carbon in our hardware. oldest racks with the reused
Recycle
Limiting the use of new materials and Electronics Reuse and components already at two
helps us prevent waste and Recycling Standard support Avoiding emissions in our years of age and continuing to
avoids upstream emissions. safe and healthy environments upstream supply chain means perform well under real-world
Refurbish
Beyond our operations, we see it for anyone who manufactures, using less, where possible. To production workloads. We
as our responsibility to use our uses or recycles Meta hardware. Supply chain achieve this, we are investing in expect to closely monitor the
consumer hardware products, systems that will extend the life hardware health for all the racks
Repair
family of apps and knowledge to of our hardware and reusing as and iterate on our practices
catalyze circularity in our industry many components as possible in moving forward. We have also
and beyond. our data center production. extended the estimated average
useful life of a majority of our
Data center
Since 2021, we have been servers from four to five years.
validating the reliability and
quality of reused components
through a rigorous evaluation

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Setting the standard for data

center sustainability

Understanding the life

cycle impact of data
center components

We cannot reduce what we embodied carbon estimates at

do not measure. In 2022, the scale of the hundreds of
we conducted Life Cycle millions of components in our
Assessments (LCAs) on data center hardware.
several data center hardware
products and developed internal In 2022, the teams reached more
visualization tools to identify than 90% coverage, meaning
the highest carbon emitting there is primary data, an LCA,
components of each product. or a modeled↗ value assigned
to each asset. This dataset lays
At the data center fleet level, the the foundation for value chain
Sustainability, Physical Modeling, carbon reductions by helping us
and Meta AI Systems and use less or choose low-carbon
Machine Learning teams have options, engage suppliers, and
partnered on a large-scale project drive value chain and system-level
to develop and scale a dataset interventions in line with Meta’s
containing the best available net zero strategy.

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Understanding risks and opportunities

Meta’s commitment to action on • Supply chain. We work with • Partnerships. Meta amplified
climate adaptation and resilience our supply chain partners to its climate resilience initiatives
includes: ensure they have the tools at COP27↗ by launching
to identify and manage the PREPARE Call to
• Operations. We integrate the climate risks they may Action on Adaptation↗ in
climate risk and resilience face. Assessing resilience to partnership with the U.S. State
assessment findings into key climate change is crucial to Department and U.S. Agency
business decisions such as site guiding our efforts to ensure for International Development
selection and infrastructure the people and communities alongside Microsoft, Google,
development and partner with within our supply chain are Mastercard and others. We also
local communities to enhance prepared for climate risks. supported the Resilience Hub↗
climate resilience. and organized a panel about
• Apps and services. We the role of technology↗ in
Building climate resilience Many of our emissions, Building community is at the • People. We also integrate worked with partners to building climate resilience.
energy, water and biodiversity heart of accelerating resilience climate risk and resilience into help launch our first Climate
We conduct ongoing climate- initiatives promote community and adapting to climate change. our employee preparedness Science Literacy Initiative. Its
related risk and opportunity climate resilience. And by Meta technologies reach 3 billion programs to provide proactive goal is to pre-bunk climate
assessments to help us take sharing the insights we gain people globally, including some actions employees and their misinformation by running ads
the right measures to build with our local partners — and of the communities most on the households can take to be across our apps and services
our company’s and our world’s vice versa — we can further frontlines of climate change. more prepared for climate- that feature five of the most
resilience to changes that are increase opportunities for related, natural and other common techniques used to
already happening. communities to build resilience hazards we may face. misrepresent climate change.
for themselves.

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Respecting biodiversity

We promote biodiverse habitats

in all phases of data center
development through minimizing
our footprint, consolidating
construction to preserve sensitive
or ecologically unique habitats,
and intentionally restoring and
enhancing native habitats in
landscape design. To date, we
have preserved and planned over
3,400 acres of native habitat
across 20 North American data
centers — representing 58% of
Rapid climate change threatens our existing data center fleet A 40-acre native pollinator habitat restoration project at our
the rich variety of living footprint. In addition to habitat Huntsville, Alabama, data center got underway in early 2023. This
organisms on our planet. The benefits, these landscapes project includes a native genome rare plant nursery, in which we
loss of biodiversity has critical provide inexpensive carbon sink, will grow our own seeds to expand the restoration.
implications for humanity, from soil stabilization, as well as water-
the collapse of food chains and efficient and climate-resilient
health systems to the disruption solutions over traditional sod or
of entire supply chains. ornamental landscape options.

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Respecting biodiversity

Protecting wildlife

​​Meta’s policies help prevent

illegal wildlife trafficking from
happening on our platforms. Our Meta’s Commerce Policies↗ Cross-sector collaboration and
Community Standards↗ strictly prohibit the sale of live animals industry partnerships are crucial
prohibit content depicting, or animal parts. We rely on a in our efforts to combat illegal
admitting or promoting criminal combination of community wildlife sales online. Since 2018,
acts including poaching or selling reports, technology and human we have belonged to the Coalition
endangered species or their parts. review to remove violating to End Wildlife Trafficking
content. These policies align with Online↗, working with external
When a user searches a hashtag the Convention on International organizations to help scale our
associated with harmful behavior Trade in Endangered Species impact in this area, including the
to animals, such as #tigerselfie or (CITES)↗ Appendix I. World Wildlife Fund (WWF)↗,
#elephantivory, an advisory will the International Fund for Animal
warn them about these dangers Although we have made Welfare (IFAW)↗, TRAFFIC↗,
and provide an opportunity to significant progress in recent and other leading businesses.
learn more. We will sometimes years, this is a rapidly evolving
permanently block specific space, with traders constantly
hashtags on Instagram known to adapting and obfuscating their
be related to endangered species tactics to circumvent our policies
to prevent users from searching and fool detection systems.
for or creating them on the
platform.

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What we create

Meta was born

to innovate, ask
questions and
build products that
enable people to
change and grow. We create solutions that
connect people not only with
each other but also with
resources, information, tools
and opportunities.

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Product circularity

In 2022, we advanced the • Increasing the use of • Completing LCAs for our
sustainability of our products by: sustainable materials in our products and accessories
products and packaging. — including Meta Quest
• Transitioning segments 2, Meta Quest Pro, and
of our logistics network • Extending the life of products, Ray-Ban Stories — to
to lower-carbon modes of parts and equipment through find opportunities for
transit, such as ocean freight, refurbishment, reuse and our improvement so that we
leading to over 47,000 metric extended warranty program can quantify and reduce the
tons of carbon emissions offering. carbon footprint of the next
reduction compared to the generation of these products
transportation impact of total A refurbished Quest 2 is even further.
Minimizing the environmental We have operationalized our and recycle; using sustainable Quest 2 units shipped in 2021. estimated to produce <5%
impact of consumer hardware product sustainability targets materials; having extended of the GHG emissions of
by embedding sustainability lifespans; and using low-carbon Ocean freight produces manufacturing, packaging
We leverage the capabilities requirements into the product manufacturing and transportation about 97% fewer carbon and shipping versus a new
of our platforms to drive development process for all methods. As we develop new emissions↗ transporting the Meta Quest 2.
climate action through our core new devices and accessories. technologies that will help same weight and distance
products. We create solutions These requirements support and people connect and explore in traveled than air freight • Prioritizing the use of
that connect people not only ensure that we are designing the metaverse, we are focused does. Going forward, we aim PCR, bio-based plastics,
with each other but also with devices that take sustainability on approaches that prioritize to increase ocean freight elastomers and recycled
resources, information, tools and considerations into account, emissions reductions through volumes even further. metal in our products.
opportunities. such as being easy to repair the concepts of circularity.

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Elevating accurate information

Misinformation thrives in the discussions across our apps. Our platforms extend access to We take any misinformation on We don’t recommend content or • Launched the Climate
absence of good information. Much of that expression and information and empower users our platforms seriously, which approve ads that have been rated Info Finder↗ tool enables
We focus on slowing the debate is essential to building to take action through tools like is why we partner with our false by one of our fact-checking people to search for trusted
spread of misinformation by consensus and finding solutions the Climate Info Finder Tool and industry-leading network of partners, and we take action↗ information about climate
amplifying reliable content and to climate change. That’s why we the Climate Science Center. We more than 90 independent fact- against Pages, Groups, accounts change and link to this
directing users to authoritative take a comprehensive approach have fully expanded the Climate checking organizations to review and domains that repeatedly content directly in comment
information. to climate-related content↗ that Science Center to all countries, and rate climate-related content share false claims about climate threads
educates and informs people attracting more than 18 million in more than 60 languages. science.
Critical challenges like climate with accurate information while followers. • Partnered with Monash
change lead to complex addressing misinformation. Our fact-checking partners review Elevating the facts about Climate Change
How we fight climate and rate a wide range of climate- climate change Communication Research
misinformation related claims, including false Hub↗, Cambridge Social
information that outside experts The Climate Science Center↗ is a Decision-Making Laboratory↗
Misinformation makes up a small say undermines the existence dedicated space on Facebook for and Yale Program on Climate
amount of the overall climate- or impacts of climate change, factual resources from the world’s Change Communication↗
related content on our apps, and misrepresents scientific data and leading climate organizations and on our new Climate Science
climate change misinformation mischaracterizes mitigation and actionable steps people can take Literacy Initiative↗.
makes up a very low percentage adaptation efforts. in their everyday lives to combat
of total misinformation. Still, that climate change. In 2022, we:
misinformation can spike when When fact-checkers rate content
the conversation about climate as false, we add a warning label • Fully expanded the Climate
change is elevated, such as during and reduce the visibility of that Science Center globally,
extreme weather events. content so fewer people see it. attracting more than 18
million followers from 243
countries and territories.

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Elevating accurate information

Recognizing the Science Feedback (France) will kickstart a new African Verificat (Spain) PolitiFact (United States)
recipients of our climate Wikipedia Task Force on Climate
misinformation grant The organization will create a Disinformation to debunk climate Fact-checkers Verificat, solution In partnership with MediaWise
portal where fact-checkers are denialism and delayism. providers Kinzen, and experts and Climate Nexus, PolitiFact
In partnership with the able to submit claims, content from the C3 Centre for Climate will create an information loop
International Fact-Checking or topics for expert verification Demagog Association Change at Rovira and Virgili that starts with Climate Nexus to
Network (IFCN) and an and input. (Poland) University will join forces surface possible misinformation.
independent six-member to increase the capacity to
judging panel of climate domain Fact Crescendo (India) In partnership with Crazy understand and expose climate USA Today (United States)
experts, we launched the $1 Nauka, Defence24 sp. z o. o. and misinformation in podcasting.
million Climate Misinformation In partnership with the Water, Energetyka24.com, Demagog USA Today is collaborating with
Grant↗ to fund partnerships and Climate and Hazard (WATCH) Association’s project features a elDetector de Univision the Society Library to enhance
proposals from fact-checkers, Division of Aaranyak, Fact chatbot created by experts and Noticias (United States) the work of fact-checkers by
climate organizations and Crescendo will debunk myths journalists working to address introducing the companion
solution providers working to and translate explanations of climate misinformation. In partnership with López- discipline of context-checking as
combat false and misleading environmental misinformation Wagner Strategies, Univision part of a dedicated, open-source
information about climate into local languages. Factual.ro (Romania) Noticias’ elDetector will combat training program.
change. We received applications misinformation about climate
from around the world. Of the 30 Code for Africa/PesaCheck In collaboration with change for Spanish-language
global semifinalists, representing (Kenya) InfoClima.ro and REPER21, speaking audiences.
71 entities, nine grantees were Factual.ro is launching a
selected in 2022: Driven by a team of dedicated framework that brings the
Wikipedians-in-Residence, resources, experience and
who will be embedded with expertise of an IFCN signatory
partner newsrooms, PesaCheck and five different environmental
organizations together.

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Helping small businesses

grow sustainably

Meta provides many resources SMBs make up 99.7% of all EU From on-demand training to
to help small and medium-sized enterprises↗, and 66% of total tips for sharing their unique
business (SMB) owners build EU employment. Although SMBs sustainability story, Guide to
customer relationships and reach drive economic growth and Green is designed to help SMBs
new audiences on our platforms. development, they also have a drive climate change while
Meta Boost Guide to Green↗ high environmental footprint, growing their business.
helps these businesses grow accounting for up to 70% of EU
sustainably. industrial pollution↗.

The Guide expanded further Given that 77% of EMEA

across Europe in 2022. In consumers consider how
collaboration with the SME sustainable a brand is before
Climate Hub↗, Legambiente↗ trying it, embracing the green
and Giovani Imprenditori transition is an important step for
Confcommercio↗, the Guide to the future of small businesses.
Green helps SMBs take climate
action and reduce their carbon
footprint, with a particular
focus on restaurants, hotels
and food producers.

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Helping small businesses

grow sustainably

Elevating climate creators

Creators are at the forefront of a business, and earn a living. Our

a movement that allows more investments empower creators
individuals to make an impact with the cutting-edge tools,
with their content. More and education and resources needed
more, people create and consume to build creative and financial
culture through the individual success — now and in the future.
creators they follow, including
their favorite influencers, artists, Meta Sustainability has worked
video creators, public figures, with climate creators since 2021,
journalists and athletes. beginning with the Climate Talks
podcast, hosted by climate
Meta is uniquely positioned to advocate Sophia Li. In 2022,
support the growing creator Meta hosted the first-ever
community by helping all types Climate Talks Salon for climate
of creators tell their stories, build creators in New York City.

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How we collaborate

Partnerships
enable us to
scale positive
impact.

It will take everyone working researchers, local utilities,

together to make the systems- community nonprofits, suppliers
level changes required for a and every one of our thousands
better reality: world-class experts of employees.
in sustainability and social
issues, climate leaders, academic

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Employee engagement

The success of our sustainability

program depends on having Enabling employees to track their climate action
our Metamate voices at the
table. We invite all employees In 2022, Meta piloted a partnership with Climate Club↗ to
to join our year-round efforts by enable Scope 3 GHG emissions reductions program with the
participating in executive Q&A support of employee advocates.
sessions, educational training,
local Green@ chapters or climate- In January 2023, we launched an app to track office food and
focused hackathons. waste reductions to a group of 500 employees. This program
helped our employees understand the collective impact individual
actions can have.

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Carbon removal partners

for impact
AMONG THE WAYS WE ARE DRIVING CARBON REMOVAL
IS THROUGH COLLABORATION WITH LIKE-MINDED
In 2022, we announced a joint
COMPANIES TO CREATE RAPID CHANGE AT SCALE.
$925 million commitment↗
alongside Stripe, Shopify,
McKinsey Sustainability, and Through 1t.org, the National only protect and sequester
Alphabet to accelerate the Indian Carbon Coalition↗ and carbon, reduce climate impacts,
development of carbon removal Meta are joining together in and increase climate resilience
technologies by guaranteeing a pledge↗ to support land but also honor and center the
future demand. restoration and promote a model relationship between Indigenous
of carbon projects that centers communities and their land.
We are engaged with the on the leadership, traditional
Business Alliance to Scale ecological knowledge, and
Climate Solutions↗, which vision of Indigenous Peoples for
provides a platform for us to themselves and the land they
meet with other businesses and care for. Such an approach uses
climate experts and act together these elements as the compass
to improve climate solutions. to develop projects that not

Photo courtesy of TIST

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Collective action to reach

water positive in 2030

IN 2022, OUR WATER RESTORATION PROJECTS

RETURNED 621 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER TO 2022 water data (in cubic meters)

HIGH AND MEDIUM WATER STRESSED REGIONS.

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Water 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023

Minimizing water use, being Withdrawal

transparent with our water data, Water 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,568,849 2,638,188
and restoring water in high water- Consumption

stressed regions are key pillars of

Water - 132,000 145,000 2,250,000 2,335,672 2,351,562
our water stewardship program. Restoration

We are committed to becoming

water positive by 2030, when we the source water consumed Since 2017, we have funded or
will restore more water to the in our operations and are supported more than 25 water
environment than we consume for verified by independent third- restoration projects in eight
our global operations. To achieve party experts, applying industry watersheds where we operate.
this goal, Meta will restore 200% standard methodologies. Working Once all projects are online and
of the water we consume in with local organizations and fully implemented, they will
high water-stressed areas, and utilities, we invest in water restore 1.9 billion gallons of water
100% of the water we consume restoration projects in water- annually. In 2022, the operational
in medium water-stressed areas. stressed regions that also provide restoration projects returned 621
Our water restoration projects co-benefits such as supporting million gallons (2,351,562 cubic
in water-stressed regions always local water supply or restoring meters) of water to high and
have a hydrological connection to local habitats and wildlife. medium water stressed regions.

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Collective action to reach

water positive in 2030

Wildcat Marsh Jicarilla Apache Nation Colorado River Indian

Tribes Drip Irrigation
Wetlands like Wildcat Marsh The Jicarilla Apache Nation Project
southeast of Dallas are home (JAN) Indian Reservation in north
to a variety of wildlife and central New Mexico leases the Scarce water and increasing
provide many benefits such as majority of its extra water supply federal cutbacks fuel the need
erosion control, flood control to coal-fired power plants. Today to optimize water efficiency in
and improved water quality. For these plants face closure, which Arizona, where agriculture is
this project, Meta is supporting is providing a new opportunity critical to the economy of the
Ducks Unlimited and the Texas for JAN and the New Mexico Colorado River Indian Tribes
Parks and Wildlife Department to Interstate Stream Commission (CRIT). We are partnering with
create a new wetland spanning (NMISC) to collaborate. CRIT and N-Drip Technology to
63 acres within the Richland replace flood irrigation with drip
Creek Wildlife Management Area. Meta contributed funding irrigation that reduces water
This will improve fish and wildlife toward the JAN Water Sharing usage, evaporation and runoff
habitat as well as improve the Agreement, which will allow by providing water directly to Collective action
quality of water being released NMISC to lease water to be the soil slowly. A pilot project
back to the Trinity River. The used in New Mexico’s Strategic resulted in water savings from In 2022, Meta joined the UN CEO the Water Resilience Coalition↗,
Wildcat Marsh project is expected Water Reserve. The project is 30% to 52% and is predicted to Water Mandate↗, a UN Global a cross-sector initiative to raise
to restore 12.9 million gallons of predicted to restore 53.8 million restore 96.5 million gallons of Compact initiative that mobilizes the ambition of corporate water
water per year. gallons of water per year to the water per year. business leaders on water, stewardship and foster collective
San Juan River. sanitation, and UN SDG 6, Clean impact in priority basins.
Water & Sanitation, as well as

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Driving climate policy

Climate action is critical to Meta also acknowledges that This includes membership in the viewed as an endorsement cooperation at COP↗ is critical,
achieving a sustainable economy comprehensive and well-designed Clean Energy Buyers Alliance of every policy position that which is why we have prioritized
and protecting our planet. We are climate and clean energy policy is (CEBA), Advanced Energy United individual organizations or their our engagement on the global
working internally to decarbonize central to transitioning to a future (AEU), American Council on leadership take. stage, and Meta is proud of its
our operations and supply that avoids the worst impacts Renewable Energy (ACORE), longstanding relationship with
chain and reduce our overall of climate change. We actively Center for Climate and Energy We believe that for Meta to reach the United Nations Framework
environmental footprint. work with policy makers, partner Solutions (C2ES), European our own net zero emissions goal Convention on Climate Change
organizations, trade groups and Climate Pact, and Asia Clean in 2030, we need governments (UNFCCC).
industry peers to advance climate Energy Coalition (ACEC). Our around the world to move toward
and clean energy policies. memberships should not be a net zero economy. Global

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Sharing climate insights

In addition to elevating climate The survey found: • People everywhere think We hope the findings will be
experts’ voices across our climate change should be used to inform policy decisions
platform, we also invest in • The majority of people in a high priority for their and priorities for governments,
proprietary research that helps nearly all countries said government. Majorities in especially in many countries
inform our approach to amplifying that they were “somewhat most countries in North and where surveys of this sort have
climate content. In 2022, we worried” or “very worried” South America say it should not taken place before.
completed our biggest ever about climate change. be a “very high” priority.
global survey analyzing public The findings should also be
views toward climate change • Most people say their country • A majority in almost all valuable for researchers around
in partnership with researchers should reduce pollution areas surveyed think action the world, as well as a resource
at the Yale Program on Climate causing climate change, to reduce climate change to inform public information or
Change Communication↗. either on their own or if other will either improve or have awareness raising campaigns
countries also do so. However, no negative impact on the by activists and NGOs, and
The survey asked more than people have different views on economy. help journalists with nationally
100,000 Facebook users from who is primarily responsible relevant data.
nearly 200 countries and for reducing pollution — • People support using more
territories about their knowledge majorities in 43 countries renewable energy and less Already, the Social Progress
of — and attitudes and behavior said their government is fossil fuels. About 9 in 10 Imperative↗ has used data from
toward — climate change issues, responsible, 42 countries said people in Hungary, Portugal the 2022 survey to develop a
and what should be done to individual people, and 25 said and Spain think their country new Climate Perception Index,
address them. businesses. should use somewhat or which will serve as a tool to
much more renewable energy. better understand the societal
implications of climate change
and enable policy makers
to deliver tangible positive
outcomes for their citizens.

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Looking ahead

Our mission is to give people the power to build

community and bring the world closer together.
We build tools to empower people to create
positive change in their lives and in the lives of
others. We invite you to stay connected and
join us on about.meta.com/actions/responsible-
business-practices↗, sustainability.fb.com↗,
facebook.com/sustainability↗ on Facebook
and @metasustainability↗ on Instagram.

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Data index

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Forward looking statements

This report covers only Meta’s accepted accounting principles, topics that reflect Meta’s This report contains forward- statements largely on our Any one of those factors,
business and does not address continue to evolve, and may be significant economic, social looking statements. All current expectations and including as the result of changes
the performance or operations based on assumptions believed and environmental impacts or statements contained in this projections about future events in circumstances, estimates
of our suppliers, contractors or to be reasonable at the time of that substantially influence the report other than statements and trends that we believe may that turn out to be incorrect,
partners. Statements regarding preparation but may be subject to assessments and decisions of a of historical fact, including affect our financial condition, standards of measurement that
targets, goals and commitments revision. This report has not been diverse set of stakeholders. We statements regarding our future results of operations, business change over time, assumptions
are aspirational and may also externally assured or verified by are not using these terms as they results of operations and financial strategy, short-term and long- not being realized, or other risks
be based on estimates and an independent third party unless are used under the securities or position, our business strategy term business operations and or uncertainties, could cause
assumptions under developing otherwise noted. This report other laws of the United States or and plans, and our objectives objectives, and financial needs. our actual results, including the
standards that may change in the represents Meta’s current policy any other jurisdiction or as these for future operations, as well achievement of targets, goals or
Especially with respect to the
future. As such, no guarantees and intent and is not intended to terms are used in the context statements regarding targets, commitments, to differ materially
matters discussed in this report,
or promises are made that create legal rights or obligations. of financial statements and goals and commitments, are from those expressed or implied
many factors and uncertainties
they will be met or successfully financial reporting. This report forward-looking statements. in writing in any forward-looking
In this report, our use of the relating to our operations and
executed, and actual results is not comprehensive, and for The words “believe,” “may,” statements made by Meta or on
terms “material,” “materiality” business environment, all of
may differ, possibly materially. that reason, should be read in “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” its behalf.
and other similar terms is which are difficult to predict and
In addition, data, statistics and conjunction with our most recent “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,”
consistent with that of GRI, many of which are outside of our
metrics included in this report Annual Report on Form 10-K, our and similar expressions are
SASB, TCFD and other standards control, influence whether any
are non-audited estimates, subsequent reports on Forms intended to identify forward-
referenced in the preparation forward-looking statements can
not necessarily prepared in 10-Q and 8-K and other filings looking statements. We have
of this report, or refers to or will be achieved.
accordance with generally made with the Securities and based these forward-looking
Exchange Commission (SEC).

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Forward looking statements

We describe these risks and We also caution that the Such links or references are not
uncertainties in our SEC filings, important factors referenced incorporated by reference to this
including our most recent therein may not include all of report, and we can provide no
Annual Report on Form 10-K the factors that are important assurance as to their accuracy.
and our subsequent reports on to readers. Our forward-looking The use or inclusion of the
Forms 10-Q and 8-K, as well as, statements speak only as of information is also not intended
with respect to targets, goals the date of this report or as of to represent endorsements of
and commitments outlined in the date they are made, and we any apps and services.
this report or elsewhere, the undertake no obligation to update
challenges and assumptions this report to reflect subsequent
that are either identified in this events or circumstances, except
report or that we are unable to as required by law. Given these
foresee at this time. We cannot risks and uncertainties, readers
assure that the results reflected are cautioned not to place undue
or implied by any forward-looking reliance on such forward-looking
statement will be realized or, statements.
even if substantially realized,
This report may contain links
that those results will have
to other internet sites or
the forecasted or expected
references to third parties.
consequences and effects.

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Environmental footprint

1.1 GHG emissions 1,2,3,4,5 Greenhouse gas intensity

Total GHG emissions Market-based Scope 1 & 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e/unit of key performance indicators)

Market-based (in metric tons CO2e) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 GHG intensity per

0.00029 0.00015 0.00008 0.00001 0.00002 0.00002
monthly active person
Net total 1,096,000 1,008,000 4,330,000 4,984,000 5,740,244 8,453,471
GHG intensity per
million USD of revenue
- - - - 0.49 0.58
Carbon removal (carbon
- - - 145,000 90,000 80,000
credits applied) 7
GHG intensity per MWh - - - - 0.0061 0.0058

Total 1,096,000 1,008,000 4,330,000 5,129,000 5,830,244 8,533,471

1. Prior to 2021, values were rounded and totals were calculated before rounding throughout this report.
Scope 1 25,000 42,000 44,000 29,000 55,173 66,934
2. “Other data center-related facilities” includes facilities where Meta used less than 100,000 MWh of electricity in the reporting year, such as
Percent of total GHG warehouses or colocation facilities. Owned, online data centers are always reported by site, even if they were below this threshold.
2% 4% 1% 1% 1% 1%
emissions (Scopes 1-3) 3. Meta’s methodology for calculating greenhouse gas emissions can be found on page 57.
4. Prior to 2018, Scope 3 emissions included only business travel, employee commute and construction. Meta includes emissions from all relevant
Scope 2 591,000 314,000 208,000 9,000 2,487 273
categories in Scope 3 for reporting years 2019 to the present.
Percent of total GHG 5. In the 2022 reporting year, several updates to reporting were applied to the 2021 and later inventories.
54% 31% 5% <1% <1% <1%
emissions (Scopes 1-3)
(a) Data from life cycle assessments for our hardware and sold products were used to calculate our Scope 3 emissions.
(b) 2021 category 1, 2, 8, & 11 emissions were recalculated with higher quality data inputs to improve accuracy.
Scope 3 480,000 652,000 4,078,000 5,091,000 5,772,583 8,466,264
(c) All Scope 3 Categories were broken out individually to improve transparency and eliminate the previously reported “Other Applicable
Percent of total GHG Categories”
44% 65% 94% 99% 99% 99% (d) Emissions associated with third-party construction-related energy usage were recategorized into Category 1 instead of Category 3 to better
emissions (Scopes 1-3)
align with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries.
Location-based (in metric tons CO2e) (e) Emissions associated with overhead electricity load at leased data centers was recategorized into Category 8 Instead of Category 3 to better
align with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries.
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 (f) 2021 Category 6 emissions were recalculated to incorporate more accurate and transparent methodologies for applying sustainable aviation fuel
emissions reductions.
Total 1,387,000 1,983,000 6,295,000 8,559,000 10,163,476 14,007,222 (g) 2021 Total Fuel and Energy Consumption were recalculated to eliminate third-party party construction-related fuel use outside of Meta’s
Operational Control.

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Environmental footprint

Operational GHG emissions Market-based Scope 1 & 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e)6 (Continued)

Market-based Scope 1 & 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e)6 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Prineville, OR 239,000 137,000 1,000 3,000 3,862 4,501

Total operational GHG Leased data center

616,000 356,000 252,000 38,000 57,661 67,207 98,000 102,000 188,000 - 25 72
emissions facilities

Data centers total 568,000 314,000 207,000 14,000 25,240 22,163 Other data center-
40,000 17,000 4,000 2,000 40 166
related facilities
Altoona, IA 1,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,118 920
Offices total 48,000 42,000 44,000 24,000 32,421 45,044

Clonee, Ireland <500 <500 <500 1,000 1,364 264

Dekalb, IL - - - - 0 1,859 6. In the 2019 reporting year, three updates to reporting were applied to 2017 (baseline year) and later inventories:

(a) Vehicles operated by the Transportation Team in support of commuting and inter-campus travel were previously counted in Scope 3 – Employee
Eagle Mountain, UT - - - - 3,250 3,609
commute. After re-visiting Meta’s operational control of these vehicles, it was determined that they should be accounted for in Scope 1.
(b) It was determined that Meta overestimated natural gas emissions by including estimates for offices that do not in fact use natural gas.
Forest City, NC 136,000 53,000 9,000 <500 1,401 587
Recalculations have been applied to the inventory to remove these inaccuracies.
(c) Fugitive emissions from refrigerant losses at offices not under Meta operational control were moved from Scope 2 to Scope 3.
Fort Worth, TX 1,000 1,000 1,000 <500 779 625

Gallatin, TN - - - - - 138

Richmond, VA - - <500 <500 4,822 821

Huntsville, AL - - - - 261 1,788

Los Lunas, NM - 1,000 1,000 <500 1,067 1,298

Luleå, Sweden <500 <500 <500 <500 374 79

New Albany, OH - - <500 2,000 408 2,605

Newton County, GA - - - - 300 535

Odense, Denmark - - <500 <500 2,824 655

Papillion, NE - <500 <500 3,000 2,348 1,642

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Market-based vs. Location-based

Scope 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e)

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based

Total facilities GHG emissions 314,000 1,241,000 205,000 1,885,000 9,000 2,718,000 2,487 3,080,194 273 3,921,611

Data centers total 308,000 1,181,000 197,000 1,813,000 2,000 2,650,000 2,487 2,987,964 273 3,821,450

Altoona, IA - 346,000 - 483,000 - 555,000 - 425,377 - 474,826

Clonee, Ireland - 82,000 - 143,000 - 159,000 - 187,475 - 178,367

Dekalb, IL - - - - - - - 2,122 - 8,087

Eagle Mountain, UT - - - - - - - 62,962 - 145,985

Forest City, NC 52,000 201,000 8,000 208,000 - 202,000 - 165,026 - 143,754

Fort Worth, TX - 212,000 - 295,000 - 399,000 - 378,198 - 355,696

Gallatin, TN - - - - - - - - - 2,664

Richmond, VA 137,000 - - 3,000 - 69,000 - 146,396 - 204,494

Huntsville, AL - - - - - - - 32,464 - 156,885

Los Lunas, NM - 12,000 - 135,000 - 266,000 - 276,795 - 347,033

Lueleå, Sweden - 7,000 - 6,000 - 7,000 - 3,917 - 2,782

New Albany, OH - - - 20,000 - 157,000 - 229,785 - 335,561

Newton County, GA - - - - - - - 84,402 - 258,773

Odense, Denmark - 1,000 <500 18,000 - 57,000 2,487 51,171 273 49,198

Papillion, NE - 3,000 - 101,000 - 294,000 - 329,674 - 458,460

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Scope 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e) (Continued)

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based

Prineville, OR - 145,000 - 167,000 - 200,000 - 245,996 - 284,462

Leased data center facilities 102,000 128,000 188,000 193,000 - 223,000 - 272,848 - 323,060

Other data center-related facilities 17,000 44,000 1,000 41,000 2,000 62,000 - 93,354 - 91,364

Offices total 6,000 60,000 8,000 72,000 7,000 68,000 - 92,230 - 100,160

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Value chain GHG emissions Scope 3 emissions (in Metric Tons CO2e) (Continued)

Scope 3 emissions (in Metric Tons CO2e) 1, 5, 7, 8 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Category 9: Downstream

Transportation and - - 5,000 10,000 37 16
Total 480,000 652,000 4,078,000 5,091,000 5,772,583 8,466,264 Distribution 5

Category 1: Purchased Of Total (in %) - - <1% <1% <1% <1%

- - 1,428,000 1,846,000 2,956,909 2,545,466
Goods & Services 5, 8
Category 11: Use of Sold
- - 5,000 390,000 106,232 62,306
Of Total (in %) - - 35% 36% 51% 30% Products 5

Of Total (in %) - - <1% 8% 2% <1%

Category 2: Capital Goods 5, 8 - - 1,671,000 2,516,000 2,466,041 5,346,583

Category 12: End-of-Life

Of Total (in %) - - 41% 49% 43% 63%
Treatment of - - <500 <500 1,267 3,775
Sold Products 5
Category 3: Fuel & Energy-
- - 264,000 56,000 10,483 12,658
Related Activities 5
Of Total (in %) - - <1% <1% <1% <1%

Of Total (in %) - - 6% 1% <1% <1%

Category 4: Upstream 1. Prior to 2021, values were rounded and totals were calculated before rounding throughout this report.
Transportation and - - 65,000 49,000 180,183 176,636 5. In the 2022 reporting year, several updates to reporting were applied to the 2021 and later inventories.
Distribution
(a) Data from life cycle assessments for our hardware and sold products were used to calculate our Scope 3 emissions.
Of Total (in %) - - 2% 1% 3% 2% (b) 2021 Category 1, 2, 8, & 11 emissions were recalculated with higher quality data inputs to improve accuracy.
(c) All Scope 3 categories were broken out individually to improve transparency and eliminate the previously reported “Other Applicable
Category 5: Waste Categories.”
- - 4,000 10,000 18,430 18,519
Generated in Operations 5, 8 (d) Emissions associated with third-party construction-related energy usage were recategorized into Category 1 instead of Category 3 to better
align with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries.
Of Total (in %) - - <1% <1% <1% <1% (e) Emissions associated with overhead electricity load at leased data centers was recategorized into Category 8 Instead of Category 3 to better
align with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries.
Category 6: Business Travel
246,000 397,000 529,000 129,000 8,653 251,807 (f) 2021 Category 6 emissions were recalculated to incorporate more accurate and transparent methodologies for applying sustainable aviation fuel
5, 7
emissions reductions.
(g) 2021 Total Fuel and Energy Consumption were recalculated to eliminate third-party construction-related fuel use outside of Meta’s Operational
Of Total (in %) - - 13% 3% <1% 3%
Control.
Category 7: Employee 7. Sustainable Aviation Fuel was purchased in 2022 and associated emissions reductions are reflected in the inventory.
43,000 71,000 90,000 61,000 23,163 45,054
Commuting 8
8. In the 2022 reporting year, the following updates to the methodology were applied:
Of Total (in %) - - 2% 1% <1% <1% (a) A new Category 5 estimation methodology was developed to improve completeness across all operations.
(b) Employee commuting now includes emissions calculations on a well-to-tank basis.
Category 8: Upstream
- - 16,000 24,000 1,185 3,444 (c) a new Category 1 and Category 2 methodology was developed to improve the completeness, accuracy and reliability of the underlying activity
Leased Assets 5
and financial data.
Of Total (in %) - - <1% <1% <1% <1%

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Environmental footprint

2.1 Electricity Electricity consumption by facility (in MWh) (Continued)

Electricity consumption 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Electricity consumption by facility (In MWh) Papillion, NE - 5,000 178,000 519,000 736,810 1,007,635

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Prineville, OR 426,000 488,000 573,000 686,000 898,409 982,177

Total electricity Leased data center facilities 359,000 432,000 647,000 795,000 964,650 1,105,834
2,462,000 3,427,000 5,140,000 7,170,000 9,420,839 11,508,131
consumption
Other data center-related
Electricity from grid (%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 135,000 133,000 113,000 206,000 249,843 256,939
facilities

Data centers total 2,360,000 3,245,000 4,918,000 6,966,000 9,117,122 11,167,416 Offices Total 102,000 181,000 222,000 204,000 303,717 340,657

Altoona, IA 500,000 612,000 853,000 980,000 950,705 1,043,606 Electricity intensity (in MWh/unit of key performance indicators)

Clonee, Ireland 1,000 200,000 382,000 487,000 634,648 668,290 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Dekalb, IL - - - - 4,724 16,934 Electricity intensity per

- - - - 0.0026 0.0031
monthly active person
Eagle Mountain, UT - - - - 229,946 504,049
Electricity intensity per
- - - - 79.9 98.7
million USD revenue
Forest City, NC 433,000 547,000 614,000 595,000 580,842 492,786
Electricity mix (in % of total electricity used)
Fort Worth, TX 189,000 461,000 695,000 941,000 1,014,447 959,419
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Gallatin, TN - - - - 0 6,264
Renewable 51% 75% 86% 100% 100% 100%
Richmond, VA - - 10,000 204,000 515,270 701,003
Non-renewable 49% 25% 14% 0% 0% 0%
Huntsville, AL - - - - 85,286 368,841
2.2 Total energy consumed
Los Lunas, NM - 26,000 289,000 571,000 717,932 929,488
Energy consumption (in GJ)5
Luleå, Sweden 301,000 337,000 373,000 369,000 306,054 267,471
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
New Albany, OH - - 38,000 270,000 511,414 702,694
Total energy consumption - - - 27,075,000 34,882,163 42,560,221
Newton County, GA - - - - 215,279 636,266
Direct energy consumption - - - 438,000 853,042 1,138,794
Odense, Denmark - 4,000 128,000 343,000 500,863 517,718
Indirect energy
- - - 26,638,000 34,029,121 41,421,428
consumption

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2.3 Fuels 5. In the 2022 reporting year, several updates to reporting were applied to the 2021 and later inventories

(a) Data from life cycle assessments for our hardware and sold products were used to calculate our Scope 3 emissions.
Fuel consumption 5
(b) 2021 Category 1, 2, 8, & 11 emissions were recalculated with higher quality data inputs to improve accuracy.
(c) All Scope 3 categories were broken out individually to improve transparency and eliminate the previously reported “Other Applicable Categories”
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 (d) Emissions associated with 3rd party construction related energy usage were recategorized into Category 1 instead of Category 3 to better align
with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries
Natural gas (therms) - - - - 6,153,856 7,539,592 (e) Emissions associated with overhead electricity load at leased data centers was recategorized into Category 8 Instead of Category 3 to better
align with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries
Diesel — diesel fuel (gal) - - - - 363,082 1,376,871 (f) 2021 Category 6 emissions were recalculated to incorporate more accurate and transparent methodologies for applying sustainable aviation fuel
emissions reductions
Diesel — distillate fuel oil
- - - - 842,460 724,151 (g) 2021 Total Fuel and Energy Consumption were recalculated to eliminate 3rd party construction-related fuel use outside of Meta’s Operational
No.4 (gal)
Control

Gasoline (gal) - - - - 52,375 119,955

Propane (gal) - - - - 0 0

Renewable fuels

Hydrotreated vegetable oil

- - - - 0 0
(gal)

2.4 Data center operations and design

Power usage effectiveness (PUE)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

PUE (data center energy

1.10 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.08
efficiency)

Sustainable design

Green building standards for data centers and offices (% of sq ft covered by green building standards and/or EnMS)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Total - - - - 98% 99%

Data centers (LEED Gold or

- - - - 100% 100%
above, or ISO 50001)

Offices (LEED Gold or

- - - - 97% 98%
above, or ISO 50001)

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Environmental footprint

3.1 Water withdrawal 9 Water withdrawal by facility (in cubic meters)

Water withdrawal 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Water withdrawal by facility (in cubic meters) Leased data center facilities 473,000 533,000 1,011,000 645,000 603,629 772,921

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Other data center-related

85,000 264,000 54,000 42,000 197 0
facilities
Total water withdrawal 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023
Offices total 470,000 631,000 699,000 726,000 1,624,773 1,275,021

Data centers total 1,139,000 1,730,000 2,731,000 3,000,000 3,417,791 3,618,003

Water withdrawal by source
Altoona, IA 106,000 139,000 145,000 151,000 140,231 199,378
Water withdrawal by source (in cubic meters)
Clonee, Ireland 10,000 188,000 395,000 615,000 927,914 838,654
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Dekalb, IL - - - - 0 29,659
Total water withdrawal 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023

Eagle Mountain, UT - - - - 57,701 89,366

From surface water - - - - 0 0

Forest City, NC 129,000 99,000 85,000 68,000 64,053 62,853

From groundwater - - - 37,000 33,285 37,343

Fort Worth, TX 98,000 269,000 322,000 300,000 253,520 346,115

From seawater - - - - 0 0

Gallatin, TN - - - - 0 0
From produced water - - - - 0 0

Richmond, VA - - - 42,000 80,478 54,994

From third-party water (e.g.
- - - 3,689,000 5,009,279 4,855,680
municipal water supply)
Huntsville, AL - - - - 38,520 103,501
Water usage effectiveness (WUE)
Los Lunas, NM - 25,000 92,000 140,000 152,666 161,436
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Luleå, Sweden 66,000 53,000 58,000 49,000 38,922 25,358
Annual data center WUE 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.30 0.26 0.20
New Albany, OH - - 33,000 35,000 121,194 87,413

Newton County, GA - - - - 105,121 77,203 9. Not included in Meta’s 2022 water withdrawal numbers are an additional 1,780,000 cubic meters of water withdrawn for the construction of Meta
data centers.
Odense, Denmark - - 266,000 360,000 373,355 427,937

Papillion, NE - - 62,000 108,000 106,339 100,912

Prineville, OR 172,000 160,000 208,000 445,000 353,951 240,302

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Water withdrawal intensity (in cubic meters/unit of key performance indicators) Water consumption from areas with water stress (in cubic meters)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Water withdrawal per Total water consumption 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,568,849 2,638,188
0.000755 0.001020 0.001200 0.001130 0.001405 0.001308
monthly active person
From areas with high or
Water withdrawal per
- - - - 42.8 42.0 extremely high baseline - - - - 162,477 443,150
million USD revenue
water stress

Water withdrawal from areas with water stress (in cubic meters) From areas without water
- - - - 2,406,372 2,195,038
stress
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
3.3 Water discharge
Total water withdrawal 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023
Water discharge by source (in cubic meters)
From areas with high or
extremely high baseline - - - - 1,390,166 1,130,181 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
water stress
Total water discharge - - - 1,524,000 2,473,716 2,254,835
From areas without water
- - - - 3,652,398 3,762,843
stress
To surface water - - - - 0 0
Recycled water (in cubic meters)
To groundwater - - - - 0 0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
To seawater - - - - 0 0
Total water recycled 469,000 673,000 854,000 643,000 580,223 265,906
To third-party water (e.g.
- - - 1,524,000 2,473,716 2,254,835
municipal sewers)
3.2 Water consumption
Water discharge to areas with water stress (in cubic meters)
Water consumption (in cubic meters)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Total water discharge - - - 1,524,000 2,473,716 2,254,835

Total water consumption 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,568,849 2,638,188

To areas with water stress - - - - 863,836 687,031

Data centers total - - - 2,197,000 162,477 2,510,686
To areas without water
Offices total - - - 73,000 2,406,372 127,502 - - - - 1,609,879 1,567,804
stress

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Environmental footprint

3.4 Water stewardship

Water restoration (in cubic meters)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Volumetric water restoration

- 132,000 145,000 2,250,000 2,335,672 2,351,562
benefits

Progress on 2030 net positive water goal (in cubic meters)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Total water consumption 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,569,000 2,638,000

Total water restored - 132,000 145,000 2,250,000 2,335,672 2,351,562

Water use embedded in purchased electricity (In cubic meters)

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Embedded consumption
in purchased electricity - - - - - 31,923,969 41,172,356
location-based

Embedded consumption
in purchased electricity - - - - - 3,312,616 2,894,787
market-based

Avoided water consumption - - - - 28,611,342 38,277,569

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Environmental methodology

At Meta, our sustainability work helps us to operate efficiently and responsibly in our mission to build
SCOPE 1 EMISSIONS • Stationary combustion (e.g., natural gas consumed at our Menlo
community and bring the world closer together. As a global company, we recognize the tech industry’s Direct emissions from our Park campus for heating)
environmental impact and role to play in addressing climate change. We embrace the responsibility to data centers, offices and
transportation fleet • Mobile combustion (e.g., diesel emissions from our intercampus
understand the full scope of our footprint and be transparent and accountable in our mission to reduce shuttles)
our emissions.
• Fugitive emissions (e.g., refrigerant losses)
Identifying the source of our emissions on an annual basis enables us to prioritize emissions reduction SCOPE 2 EMISSIONS • Purchased electricity
Indirect emissions from
where we can make the most meaningful progress on our path to net zero emissions across our value • District heating
purchased energy for our data
chain in 2030. Similarly, minimizing our water use, being transparent with our water data, and restoring centers and offices • Stationary combustion from leased sites
water in the same watersheds where our data centers are located are vital to reach our commitment to
restore more water than we use by 2030.
In 2020, Meta reduced our operational emissions by 94% from a 2017 baseline and addressed the residual
emissions with high-quality carbon removal projects. As a result, Meta’s operations have produced net zero
Meta’s GHG emissions
emissions since then.
Meta’s GHG footprint includes the emissions associated with running our business and data centers, as
well as the indirect emissions upstream and downstream of our operations. These emissions correspond FULL VALUE CHAIN EMISSIONS

to Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions as defined by the World Resources Institute (WRI) Greenhouse Scope 3 emissions come from sources within our full value chain beyond our operations and comprise the

Gas Protocol↗. Meta uses the operational control approach when calculating our GHG footprint, in which largest component of our footprint. Scope 3 includes:

we account for 100% of the GHG emissions over which we have operational control.
1. Upstream emissions, such as the emissions from manufacturing our data center servers or emissions
from employee commutes; and
OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS
Scope 1 and 2 emissions are considered our operational emissions. Scope 1 emissions come from our direct 2. Downstream emissions, such as the emissions associated with people using our Portal or Quest devices.
operations, such as combustion of natural gas to heat our offices and the fuel burned in our employee
shuttles. Scope 2 includes indirect emissions from purchased energy, such as the electricity powering our
data centers. We consider purchased electricity for construction and overhead electricity within leased
data centers outside of our operational control and therefore report these in Scope 3.

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Environmental methodology

SCOPE 3 EMISSIONS Upstream: How we calculate our GHG emissions

Our value chain emissions
upstream and downstream of • Purchased goods and services (e.g., upstream emissions from Meta is aligning our emissions reduction targets with the Science Based Targets initiative↗ and takes a
our operations purchased office supplies) scientific, standardized approach to calculating its GHG emissions in accordance with the GHG Protocol↗.
• Capital goods (e.g., server hardware) Furthermore, Meta’s GHG emissions data and methodologies undergo third party verification each year.
This is completed annually to ensure that only the most accurate and up-to-date data is publicly reported.
• Fuel and energy-related activities

• Upstream transportation and distribution (e.g., emissions We quantify our GHG emissions via activity data, LCAs and financial data. We prioritize calculating our
associated with the transportation of AR/VR-related consumer emissions through activity data that directly measures an activity that results in GHG emissions, such
hardware)
as kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity. Due to the complex nature of our business and value chain, we use
• Waste generated from our operations other methods to help calculate our emissions when activity data is not available.
• Business travel

• Employee commuting (including telecommuting) We measure our emissions by metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent,
• Upstream leased assets (Including leased data center overhead
or CO2e, units. CO2e is used to standardize the emissions from different
electricity use) GHGs based on their global warming potentials.

Downstream:
ACTIVITY DATA
• Downstream transportation and distribution For activity data, we take the quantity of a specific measured activity and multiply it by an associated
• Direct use of our AR/VR-related consumer hardware emissions factor to calculate the total emissions from that activity. For example, the kWh of electricity
• End-of-life treatment of our AR/VR-related consumer hardware consumed at a Meta site is multiplied by the appropriate country-specific or regional-specific, publicly
available emissions factor to calculate the total emissions from that site’s electricity use. We use activity
data to calculate:

• Scope 1 and 2 emissions • Business travel (including radiative forcing)

• Fuel and energy-related activities • Employee commuting

• Waste generated in operations • Direct use of our AR/VR-related consumer

hardware
• Upstream transportation and distribution where
supplier specific data is available

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Environmental methodology

Where activity data is incomplete or unavailable for an operation that results in GHG emissions, existing MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS
activity data is used as a proxy to estimate these emissions. This ensures we are reporting a complete We have publicly committed to supporting its global operations with 100% renewable energy. We procure
GHG inventory across all of our operations. For example, the weight of waste at several Meta sites is used and retire one Energy Attribute Certificate (EAC) for every MWh of electricity used to power our global
as a proxy to estimate waste at other sites in the same region that do not have final waste weight data.
operations. Meta also procures and retires one EAC for every MWh of electricity use in select Scope

LCAs 3 categories.A Additionally, Meta procures Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and applies the associated

To understand cradle-to-gate emissions and/or upstream emissions that are released before certain assets emissions reductions from SAF allocated in the reporting year as a market-based instrument to Category

are used (e.g., the emissions released from the production of concrete before it is poured), we conduct 6: Business Travel.
third-party LCA studies or utilize LCA tools to measure our impact. This is applicable in our 2022 inventory
A core focus of Meta’s renewable energy program is adding new renewable energy projects to the
for the following emissions:
electricity grids that support our data centers to drive the transition to renewable energy in our
• Upstream emissions associated with the materials used in the construction of our data centers communities. In alignment with these principles, Meta adheres to the following EAC market boundaries:
• Upstream emissions of materials in office renovations and new construction
1. Owned data centersB: EACs from the same grid regionC
• Cradle-to-gate emissions of our augmented and virtual reality related consumer hardware, such as
Portal and Quest devices 2. Leased data centersD: EACs from the same grid region or same geographic regionE

• Cradle-to-gate emissions in key data center hardware components, such as hard drives 3. Other Scope 2 loads (offices, points-of-presence): EACs from same grid region or same geographic region

• End-of-life treatment of our AR/VR-related consumer hardware 4. Scope 3 loads: EACs from same grid region; once exhausted, EACs from same geographic region

Meta’s methodology aligns with the market boundaries set forth by the GHG Protocol for over 95% of our
FINANCIAL Scope 2 emissions, including for all Scope 2 emissions from our owned data centers. A small portion of our
Our Environmentally Extended Input Output (EEIO) method utilizes financial spend data and applies Scope 2 emissions are not covered by EACs within the GHG Protocol’s market boundaries set forth, but
industry-specific emission factors (e.g., kg CO2e per dollar spent on electronic manufacturing) published by are instead covered by EACs from within the same geographic region.
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)↗ to calculate “cradle-to-gate” emissions. We apply the
A. This includes data center construction in Category 1: Purchased Goods & Services, transmission and distribution loss in Category 3: Fuel & Energy
EEIO method to the following: Related Activities, employee work from home in Category 7: Employee Commuting, leased data center overhead electricity use in Category 8:
Upstream Leased Assets, and United States-based electricity consumption from our products in Category 11: Use of Sold Products.
• Purchased goods and services
B. Owned data centers include all completed data centers owned and operated by Meta. Data center loads while under construction are treated in line
with leased data centers.
• Capital goods not related to data center and office construction, AR/VR-related consumer hardware,
and key data center hardware components C. Grid Regions: WECC, ERCOT, MISO/SPP, PJM/NC, SERC, Nordpool (Europe), Singapore/Southeast Asia

D. For reporting year 2022, all leased data center load was in the United States and covered by EACs generated in-country.
• Upstream transportation and distribution where supplier specific data is unavailable
E. Geographic Regions: Americas (AMER); Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); Asia Pacific (APAC)

• Upstream leased assets

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 Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index

Environmental methodology

Improving our GHG methodology Meta’s water withdrawal

As Meta decarbonizes our value chain over the next decade, the data and methodology that drives our The water that we use in our offices and at our data centers are withdrawn from our local water utilities
climate work will evolve and improve each year. We have disclosed our Scope 1 and 2 emissions for the or local aquifers. We report our water withdrawals based on data from our local water utilities or meter
last decade. We began reporting on some Scope 3 categories in 2015 and have reported on every relevant data, where available. We also report our water withdrawal during construction, based on reported data
category defined by the GHG Protocol since 2019. As techniques to calculate our emissions improve, we from our construction partners. Not included in Meta’s 2022 operational water withdrawal numbers are an
will apply those methods to previous years to refine our GHG footprint. For example, in 2020 we used the additional 1,780,000 cubic meters of water withdrawn for the construction of Meta data centers.
EPA’s updated EEIO emission factors for our Scope 3 calculations and updated our 2019 data accordingly.
Meta’s water consumption
Going forward, we will focus on increasing accuracy and granularity of our data. For example, we re-
baselined our 2020 data based on updated LCA data for key data center hardware and our AR/VR-related For our data centers, we determine our water consumption via two methods:
consumer hardware. We will use activity data for more emissions categories as methods to do so become
1. Calculating the difference between water withdrawal and wastewater discharge
available. We will continue reporting and updating our emissions boundaries as our business grows on our
path to net zero emissions. 2. Calculating consumption based on cycles of concentration from our cooling systems

For our offices, we estimate our water consumption based on industry averages. All of our wastewater is
PUE/WUE
discharged to local wastewater facilities.

Each year, we calculate the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) of our
Water risk
data centers. PUE measures how efficiently our data centers consume the energy to operate our servers
and network infrastructure. It is calculated by dividing the energy consumed at the data center by IT We use water stress metrics in the WRI’s Aqueduct tool↗ to conduct initial assessments of our water
electricity load. The closer our annual PUE is to “1” indicates how efficient our data centers are designed to risks. When appropriate, we increase the level of water risk based on additional local knowledge.
consume electricity.

Annual WUE is calculated by dividing our water withdrawal, in liters, by IT electricity load, in kWh. The
closer WUE is to “0”, the more efficient consumption of water to cool our IT-related infrastructure.

These metrics are calculated based on best available data, including internal meters, design estimates, and
utility bills where applicable.

2023 Meta Sustainability Report 59

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