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Paraphrasing 1

Paraphrase 1 is unacceptable because it omits key details and changes the meaning and tone of the original text. Paraphrase 2 is acceptable as it accurately conveys the main points about overbureaucratization leading to a focus on growth over educational goals. Paraphrase 3 is also acceptable as it captures the key idea that bureaucracies prioritize their own survival and growth rather than students. Paraphrase 4 provides the most complete summary by including all important details and concepts from the original text in a concise manner.

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35 views2 pages

Paraphrasing 1

Paraphrase 1 is unacceptable because it omits key details and changes the meaning and tone of the original text. Paraphrase 2 is acceptable as it accurately conveys the main points about overbureaucratization leading to a focus on growth over educational goals. Paraphrase 3 is also acceptable as it captures the key idea that bureaucracies prioritize their own survival and growth rather than students. Paraphrase 4 provides the most complete summary by including all important details and concepts from the original text in a concise manner.

Uploaded by

4ntdnfws7h
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Paraphrasing

Decide whether the paraphrased passages are acceptable or unacceptable. If unacceptable, say WHY.

Original Source

A key factor in explaining the sad state of American education can be found in overbureaucratization,

which is seen in the compulsion to consolidate our public schools into massive factories and to

increase to mammoth size our universities even in underpopulated states. The problem with

bureaucracies is that they have to work hard and long to keep from substituting self-serving survival

and growth for their original primary objective. Few succeed. Bureaucracies have no soul, no

memory, and no conscience. If there is a single stumbling block on the road to the future, it is the

bureaucracy as we know it.

Edward T. Hall, Beyond Culture, Anchor Publishing, 1977, p. 219


Paraphrase 1
American education is overly bureaucratic. This is manifest in the increasing size of educational
institutions, even in small states. Bureaucracies are bad because they tend to work to promote their
own survival and growth rather than that of the institution, as was their initial objective. Most
bureaucracies fail because they have a conscience or a soul. I believe that bureaucracies are the
biggest stumbling block on the road to the educational future.
Paraphrase 2
Bureaucratization has proved to be a major stumbling block on the road to our educational future.
American institutions have become factories that are more conducive to the growth of bureaucratic
procedures than to the growth of the students who attend them. Bureaucracies have to work long
and hard to keep from promoting their own survival rather than the educational goals that were their
primary objective.
Paraphrase 3
Bureaucratization has proved to be a major stumbling block on the road to our educational future.
American institutions have become factories that are more conducive to the growth of bureaucratic
procedures than to the growth of the students who attend them. This means that, as In Hall’s (1977)
opinion today's educational institutions "have no soul, no memory, and no conscience".
Paraphrase 4
Hall (1977) discusses the problems posed by the increasing bureaucratization of American
educational institutions. Hall maintains that overbureaucratization is one of the key factors governing
the state of education in America today. He points to the tendency of bureaucracies to promote their
own growth and survival first and foremost, and observes that few overcome that tendency. He
believes that this is responsible for the fact that many public schools bear a closer resemblance to
factories than to educational institutions. In Hall's (1977)words, "Bureaucracies have no soul, no
memory, and no conscience" (p. 219).

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