1 Chapter Two
1.1 Methodology and Materials
1.1.1 Methodology
1.1.2 Pre- fieldwork (office work)
Before fieldwork, we acquired information from our senior students about the study area, its
temperature and how and what to describe in the field. In addition, our teachers determined
the scale and quality of maps, prepared field equipment and fixed the probable schedule.
1.1.2.1 Fieldwork
We have used different methods to complete our fieldwork effectively. In the first two days,
we performed our road geology. During this work, we have investigate all rock units found in
the area starting from volcanic rock unit up to lower limestone unit that is not exposed in
Abay Basin.
We have used to topography maps of the study area, Inchini and Minare sheet of scale
1:50,000, as the base map. After we finished our road geology, we selected best five
traverses which can join us with good exposures .In those traverses, we have observed
different rock exposures and various geological structures. We use various techniques like,
reading of GPS in different stations and describing the contact between different lithologic
units.
We have followed various methodologies to achieve our aims like;
selecting the best traverse which can connect us with different lithological unit and
different geological structures,
Taking GPS reading to locate our station on topographic map,
Describing different rock out crops with their fresh and weathered color,
Marking of contacts where there is a change in lithology in our topographical map,
Collecting samples which can represent the exposure and further used for
laboratory study,
Identification of primary and secondary sedimentary structure, and
Collecting fossil sample which are preserved in the area.
1.1.2.2 Post fieldwork
After field work we read many books to prepare report based on the data we collected during
fieldwork and preparation of map, cross section by free hand and based on what we read
from different source as well as in a better manner preparation for presentation.
Materials
There are different geological equipment’s which are used in the field. These include:
Geological Hammer; geological material used for crushing (breaking) of rock sample.
Fig 2.1: Geological hammer
Geographic Positioning System (GPS); used to locate positions and measuring the
amount of elevation in order to know the geological structures formed in the area and
shows the exact easting and northing positions where we are.
Fig 2.2: GPS
Topographic Map; is used to show geological features of the study area by using
contour lines.
Fig 2.3: Topographic map
Brunton Compass; is used for determining direction and orientation of different
geological structures (joints, folds, and faults) and bedding nature of the rock (dip
direction, dip amount, and strike).
Fig 2.4: Brunton compass
Digital camera:-This material is used for to take a photo of the lithological unit and
the geological structures.
Fig 2.4: Digital camera
Color pencil:-This are used for plotting geological structure, lithological contact on
the map and shading of with in different colors.
Fig 2.5: Color pencil
Sample Bag; is used to collect and holding the samples after they are sample broken
and labeled. Plaster and Marker; is used for labeling samples in which they are found
before we put into the sample bag.
Fig 2.6: sample bag
Filed not book: it helps to record the data or to write notes on the field.
Fig 2.6: field not book
Tent: It helps to sleep on the field and to protect from danger at night.
Fig 2.8: tent
Mask: to sampling the sample at the field
Fig 2.9: Mask
Acid bottle: to identify silicate rocks in the field
Fig 2.10: Acid bottle
