DETAILED LESSON PLAN

MAPEH 4

[Link]

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;

a. Identify the chain of infection.

b. To understand the elements of the chain infection and strategies to break it.
c. Enumerate the different elements in the chain of infection.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Chain of Infection
References:Internet , grade four textbook
Materials :Loptop, Cartolina,
Values:

III. PROCEDURE
TEACHER'S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
Preliminary activities

Good Morning class!

- Good morning teacher

Kindly stand up and let us pray

-(The students will stand and pray).
Before you take your seat, kindly pick up the
pieces of dirt under your chairs.

-(The students will pick-up and seat)

Who is absent today? - None teacher

Very good! Let’s clap our selves for the

perfect attendance.

Classroom rules

1. Respect and be kind to others.

2. Listen carefully to the direction.
3. Listen quietly while others are
speaking.
4. Raise your hands if you want to
answer.

[Link]
Before we start our lesson for today we watch
first the video.
[Link]

Very good children, so any idea what is our

topic for today?

Yes is all about Elements of the chain of

infection.

What is chain of infection? -The chain of infection is a model that

describes how infections spread from one
person to another.

-Infectious Agent: A microorganism such as

Infectious agent bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasite that can
cause an infectious disease.

Infectious agent:
In the context of the chain of infection, an
infectious agent refers to a microorganism -
such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite
- that is capable of causing disease or infection
in its host.

Here's a little more about each type:

1. Bacteria: These are single-celled organisms

that can cause diseases like strep throat,
tuberculosis, and urinary tract infections.
Some bacteria are beneficial, but others can
cause illness.
2. Viruses: These are..

Reservoir -Reservoir: The host in which the infectious

agent lives, grows, and multiplies. Humans,
animals, and the environment.
Reservoir:
A reservoir is the habitat in which an
infectious agent (like a virus, bacteria, or other
pathogen) primarily lives, grows and
multiplies. This could be a human, an animal,
or an environment.

Let's break it down a bit:

1. Human reservoirs: Diseases like the
common cold, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis
come from human reservoirs. In these cases, a
person has the disease and can transmit it to
others.
2. Animal reservoirs: Some diseases originate
from animals. For example, rabies is primarily
stored in bats, raccoon's, and other wild
animals, but can be transmitted to humans.
3. Environmental reservoirs: Certain
infectious agents can survive and multiply in
the environment. For instance, the bacterium
that causes tetanus is found in soil and
manure.

Portal of Exit
-Portal of Exit: The route by which an
infectious agent escapes or leaves the
reservoir. In humans, the portal of exit is
typically a mucous membrane or other
opening in the skin.
Portal of exit:.
The portal of exit is the way an infectious
agent leaves its host. This is the third link in
the chain of infection. The exit route typically
corresponds to the body system in which the
pathogen is localized.

Here are some common portals of exit:

1. Respiratory tract: Pathogens can leave the

body through coughing, sneezing, or even
talking. This is how diseases like the flu or
common cold are often spread.
2. Gastrointestinal tract: Pathogens can be
excreted in faces and then spread to others,
especially if hand hygiene is poor. Diseases
like cholera and salmonella are spread this
way.
3. Genitourinary tract: Some infectious agents
can leave the body through sexual contact or
childbirth…

Mode of Transmission
-Mode of Transmission: The way in which an
infectious agent travels to other people and
places because they cannot travel on their
own. Modes of transmission include contact,
droplet, or airborne transmission.

Mode of transmission:
The mode of transmission is the method in
which an infectious agent is spread from a
reservoir to a susceptible host. There are
several ways this can occur:

1. Direct Contact: This happens when disease-

causing microorganisms are transferred from
an infected person to another person without
a third entity. Examples include touching an
infected person, kissing, sexual contact, or
contact with oral secretions.
2. Indirect Contact: This involves an
intermediate object or person. For instance,
touching a doorknob that has been
contaminated by an infected person and then
touching your...

Portal of Entry

-Portal of Entry: The route by which an

infectious agent enters the body of a
Portal of entry: susceptible host. In humans, the portal of
The portal of entry is the fourth link in the entry is typically a mucous membrane or other
chain of infection. It's the way an infectious opening in the skin.
agent enters a new host. The portal of entry
must provide access to tissues in which the
pathogen can multiply or a toxin can act.
Often, infectious agents use the same portal
to enter a new host that they used to exit the
source host. Here are some common portals
of entry:

1. Respiratory tract: Many common

infections, like the cold, influenza, and COVID-
19, enter the body through the mouth or
nose.
2. Gastrointestinal tract: Pathogens can enter
the body through the mouth and then stay in
the gastrointestinal tract. This is common with
diseases like cholera or food poisoning.
3. Genitourinary tract: Some infections can
enter through the urinary or reproductive
systems. Sexually transmitted infections
often...

Susceptible Host

Susceptible host:
A susceptible host is the final link in the chain -Susceptible Host: A person who is at risk of
of infection. This refers to an individual who is becoming infected by an infectious. agent.
at risk of becoming infected by the disease.
Their susceptibility depends on various
factors, including:

1. General Health: A person who is in good

health is less likely to become infected than
someone in poor health.
2. Immune System: If a person has a weak
immune system (due to factors like age,
illness, or certain medications), they're more
likely to become infected.
3. Age: Very young and very old people tend
to have weaker immune systems, making
them more susceptible to infection.
4. Nutrition: Good nutrition is essential for a
strong immune system. Poor nutrition can
make a person more susceptible to infection.
5. Stress: High levels of stress can weaken the
immune system, making a person more
susceptible to infection.
6. Inadequate Vaccination: Vaccines
strengthen the immune system against
specific diseases. Without these vaccines, a
person is more susceptible to those diseases.

How we break the chain of infection?

The communicable diseases

RESERVOIR

PORTAL OF EXIT

-Taking the right antibiotic turn the body into

an unfriendly reservoir for the pathogens to
live.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
-Covering an infected wound with gauze
prevents the pathogens from leaving the
reservoir.

PORTAL OF ENTRY

-Washing the hands removes pathogens,

preventing them from being transferred to
other person

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST -Wearing a face mask prevents the pathogen

from entering the respiratory tract. Wearing
gloves prevent the pathogens from entering
the skin.

That is the following ways to break the chain

of infection
 -Being vaccinated makes one less likely to get
the infection the vaccine is effective for.

C. ABSTRACTION

Do you understand, our topic for today? -Yes teacher!

If you understand, what is the topic all about?

-Chain Infection

Can you give me the elements of the chain of

infection?
-(students raising their hands)
Yes can you tell us your answer?
-The disease agents,reservoir,portal exit,mode
of transmission,portal of entry,susceptible.

Very good!

Very good children, let’s give a wow clap to

your selves!

D. APPLICATION
Direction:Enumerate the different elements Direction:Enumerate the different elements
in the chain of infection in the chain of infection
IV. EVALUATION
RESERVOIR SUSCEPTIBLE HOST DISEASE AGENT

PORTAL OF EXIT MODE OF TRANSMISSION PORTAL OF ENTRY

Direction: Fill in the blank, Choose the correct answer in the box write it on the
space provider.
1. _______________, A microorganism such as bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasite that can cause
an infectious disease.
2. ______________, The host in which the infectious agent lives,
3. ______________, The route by which an infectious agent escapes or leaves the reservoir.
4. ______________,The way in which an infectious agent travels to other people and places
because they cannot travel on their own.
5. ._____________, The route by which an infectious agent enters the body of a susceptible
host.

6. _____________,: A person who is at risk of becoming infected.

Answer:

1. INFECTIOUS AGENT

2. RESERVOIR

3. PORTAL EXIT

4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION

5. PORTAL OF ENTRY

6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

E. ASSIGNMENT

DIRECTION:ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION

1. What are the six elements of the chain of infection?
2. Can you provide an example of how to break each elements of the chain of infection?