CheRP .
Relatio 3 Anctiom
Caubeid modut
A B cuns
hen the Se
Sets
b) &wuh he
(sndentd pcus
2D 1nuwn CLA CAuelia
bB
C EA
wo se A &
nanolut
Ax3 1la, bj 1aeA , bEB}
23 } B= iab,
A
Ax 8 (Ca C,b) ( , c
2,) ( 2 b ) 2 )
C3, c3, b C3,)
Keleuhiom On_ 5 t -
olunu y
to exnnLHC lhamShip be elumimt
cnclene d puny
twO hulwte delemtmt
T A 4 8 Cu. two
non- tmpty SU #htn t h Subru
(CneAicn wclut A x r
a Aludm' A te 8
The R CL
c E A ,b e 3
Lanopcun A,6) rhus
DA
6
Suth
hOnolentolPcUn wntkm cy
yUly
7Uokol to b »
aRb easl au C
by lcuhrcim
Cab ) o R he
not iUauhd obby th lahn R.
asCARb,R Cclled cu
C
uHem
bincny ulotion uom A >8,bco7
R
olumemts t h e S cLA anclentpei
poluny
R 1) C24j 3,22
R:A-
ong (to-clmneum
DOMANE7t The S ul Hh
uuE2lmuni honoltneLd
paun v0hithblmA R D tolleol y
dumaunJ
Ceobwoun
RANU 5T Th et all HA
SeLond eleman
anolonao
ctn4 vhith lomgd fo R ID called
S
Ce-omain
ater
Som openuhond on Ss
nt pinany ono s e
cn.oena.cl uns ol Su
anuntors u
be don O aions. The uuuln30
Cortain00linedpeup
niml tunhun i t in
Weuiom R 4 denote two u4
odipned ou-
RUS y aky V a3y imilanly
Ros CA
idunio
RassyaRy_Aa5y imilandy
enemee Re®u
R-SiD oli)hunantz R{5
i dehindug) e R-S>c3) ERA
imilan YES
R Cnplement R4
R'Y Xy
A :lullemin wm
ARB R A 3
A RB deid
omCDelesnaol b
R Rus RAS, R-S
l e bav to
AXB olayikod
1 AB.
Y_yz)
Y Z}
R
RUSe Ca,x), )
RuS C,Y), z
A 1S
B 2, 3.
A -B:
- A
uleuhons ina 5tt
Then Cne ynu
1i) Tlintiy l l c h o n
i) - Wation
ImNUnAL. haleuhsme
Cy
d SU A to_set B H a in vense
domotad
Comuis
Cb, ab Ca,b yeR_
ConuuLady - iArea h
2R
A 235 B 0
4 olu) bmony u R A 1
R-C diides
n c l (a,ye Ax 8;
uviel
A S tholened
pcLL C2,
1 ,) 1 LO) C3,6) (5,io?
R , ) (Lo, ) (6.3) ( 0 5)
2) 1dtmti ty wah'am a E
stA dene
ACUn E
Scie be
b-icumtity tseneullydumoks
t A ,3
isunhity iu onSUA A.
iduntit
m-y huleion
ds a se A , A An
he niH je olitthancSek A
AxAX An iocolled
A An 9 An
R- thim A i acullol cy
CoyPloh'n
i Re A X AnA x XA o.
Pin Caullod Univenucd Ru",
R A
in
Co-demin o
amuu
111 n,1.5 4tn R Cauled
unauy
b y Hncunuy _Ap.
len
Propurieu 2autioms
A U R ASatse
pnbh a
dainedo
REELEINE RELATION
R on S
inhaxive
A Laa CR a&ATuo miany
hea ath elamanmtA ~ulatd toite
D A ,2,3 e m
a R i ) (3
3
_aGAA
b R 2ciL
1,2(13 3,3 i
onA z1, 23}un Rin nor
meoaM
TRREELEXIVE RELAT10
A u Kon_o A
AIV u yny A (a,o R
aEA
wwnold thn trl A
a,a)GR.( OP. )
Alltxivt Jhn eleaiv an xhim Case
Relexixt mlcim hcu
C GA 4 JnneeaivaEA
the CRe
A 12,3
A K}6 Intai SE
NON-AEELEXIye RLATON
ARelTn
n0a- ulexivi ni thUn uNnive
texiVe Ra
Sm ut n Oru,
The u R n,3 (n,29 (3,
i
Lel b'co 2R in nue u
CLL
RBLAION
A
ek whwnven Ca,b) R t
SucSymmthut
h,a R
aR a Thu midnd
Ome elmun UD alakd to diy
also hlaeal toh uu lumin
tA1,2,3
ASYMMR RbLATADN Au R'
on 4 A _ esmmtni
( b ) G R tALm b , C) R wn o b a+
whunt a Rb 2 bKq n ab
7hip mn h hu puiun
oh b n ecluelut pctbility o
rnatnLL 0 ha) im Rhan b
R
xR: 0D2,3) (3, ) S PSymmeh
lahn ) S e A
33
6 NTTXMnETRTL AtLAT1OM
Ahum Ron a SeABn
cAntisymmthi cUcw b GA )
Ta Rb4Ra 5 C
Ou o b,a) e p q a6EA|
Th u"_ L ) n,1) C
Clmh mebu' ~u on Se A d,2,3
TRANS1 TIVt AtLATTON
A um_Ron a Se A2
n.cmeh whtoktn Ceb) G K 4 Cb,c)GK.
2 a,b)ER aul(b,c) ER c ) ER
aRc
d e e o l to SeLono4 SeLond umunt o
Raloeolt hunol m elumunt
l e e o d to thie llamkmt
C1,2 C2432, CL3)
Ex A2
fncentive u
P. T-O um bak)
wute.
TostsAathe
Cmeleed Set
ytroatt )
Paeha
oei ng 1elahem',
A
AS Ceuieo aelahom R Onfel
n e
Pa ck) esdeAing
ARPeie qmk&ymme,
ic
a a eR
amoAronihv
a
ab) E R O
eA
b, CR CPefenti ve)
Ca,t mis mmemé
cC cbc)CR co)e R
b,c (hram&i e
PCUOHa ere ed Sel CPet'.
A Se A tehen
o e e n elah o
s,Cuile a Pe&e
den
S emttec l CA,RO (A
CO ) R me mi|Cun e2relah cm, (aie e
ak eden elh o
e
ane a
nnce a b C 2 G,b,CE-
Hence iOK C
C. *S
De (
R? Cmde
,1
) ce AA o A
SnCe ACr BEA mle
molr:'y
A 9
amsymym e P
9 n
ACC
e n CR CS Pan C dering
elauemo) pCS)
he nR melaN ny.
om C
1 e n
Sn ce mm e m imbly
SCumh S7mmehn
omo mr imp1/e
h p
an
S a parha! n
n e i CH m
PEAE
Aput CP Cruted
al lethice vny two iltnemt Suhs
e hau both ltout u ptn b
umd CA
sintebarJuwtn baundic 3 lub a.y
qtb Y esist
eveny Y in P
In 46u Ccue w olumot
lub{rY}V y
CReada Jain Y)4xAY: glb kx,YJ
(Read d imet Y)
Neny Chau'ni c leuhic Sinë Cly fwo
QurmintS a b chcum c Ccmpencuble
Hunthuu wt n e
Vy Juh rY}
*
Lbe any Lethce thim un clny
ab,6 L
D a va C
b)_aAa
)C) a y b a b va
b) aA b a
avas u b ha, a
Aub ca}
CVC
www.akauety
Cna clb a
lb Aa}
a 2 CA
2 a a db 6 lubia,b}
2
ub b,a
Vb bN a
b aAb olb a,b6
bAg
Cnb e bbna
Functions
B clny Two
Om-mpty S 1h ecth Ntny Alunim
A ihudedfo On mly
One lomut
A LD_Ccullod cuunchicn Drn Se
to these B.
I ndunokd y i A B
lad_cufnoub orn A8
I C
nC hian
E o n0 a
claniicdh on
ourtiond i
ehonu Ci be
g a n c m l
into tvo uns louiird
. Alcbnic ueie
hdnitdtntl urnch/n
ALUntBRI FUNUT1ON
A whih (omail
inih CATd invølvirs atne
edts
Ineletmdemt Veniehlex the
Act umdcmentcul htacthio u + *, an
alleel cAsalqebric Um cimn.
Thuit CLN thate nu
ulgtbre umchcms
Poly romicu huncham
i) Reletioned
unChanm
ii) atimal uncham
moni ntiem
ttl
tt
C
pciienceie intgen
clo, C Cm cune lcl (onitats
Co 0
otymomicd i , clteee
A n u m en ced eperpeR
nolymumieulclegnae 3
iiRelethemod umchd
Ha no
polymormiads i )o
Callect atirma unchion
4 -2
C n t n i
t a Tuemi
h auch Iwölvt
C
aducuu C knga mlod nchdmcy
resendS S q u a v aA s e t
p os,
s +5 o_c
an
Innehioma unchcdm
2 TRANCEOENTAL fUNCT10N
nchidn whuwh -
not Cgebriein coullad c trunLedum u
Unh n -
Jo3
rume oltn cl
i TYiqondnen uncany
ionUmehm thor
xpontmh a unthonM
iv) lo qc
thnic unchond
i aigOToTthnt mchora
Th ix unchomd in X
Cot
tnhnsta Ciricyle
adicin- CUlL Cctltd Cu aicsremchm(unchdrs"
ji InvnA nunomltnh umchuns
The x unchamd Si
(os ton , se z (ojeL Coti
d CultooCL
nigomumtic
Hiun
porni uecham wnchon hi
QUmu
is
a 0
Scuhisyimq ht douw
a. c C
tY
G
iN)ogcunithneC
(
untion
The Iavent
Exponenhou Colli C
Aoganithmic C
thim
panitmic fem
Pe untion
no unthun
Omho uncham
Ome toom unchom
Many ho 0n unchón
S Biunve unfam
Iroto unchm
A A B
t
fnuhen Aubtet_
i orcpmain thLnt Jcuicl i b
inho
LoS
Ont0 unthon
A A B
n Souid t o be Onhunthon 3 cry
umhdn RDRoucu hu is Co durocun
3. 0 o _ 0ne unchom i
A
Scuc ho he me on unchom,4
tulces-di htnunE Vculu cu im
I clomcu
106
4. Monyj On unchtm
A A i d
to
Leeunecda torettaA ed-tat
hedmoun hoxe Somme Value in lo-dcrarn
A
5
Bijeutve unthom
A n Sud h he
bigethivt untbam AD dth cne ho
e Ormo
A
A
Set
Dommain Codorcncu
cimpSt (ocdamaum an Roucu thtm
ncculte c imply st
Demottol by C (
coolonin
Se
Denoieal
Coopudition unction
n t nut mpdnkin
ncuh9r Onunthon o Camndaiham.
k A3
Co nLThdn
cltrnoiedby h ad c
LLu tn ane unthiemden A toC
yef; A
anah
AGE NI)
DATE
NEm by 1xsqt)4xEA
xConiden ABc2R ks A3
3 a n L dohintd b
t94qLyiY*+2
nd tlawing Compsihsm
) Cupq Ch)
ii loe Cb in qu ch
viog
2t9+
li)C9oq (b)
+3
+35+3
66 +12
Coo tb
+32
43 +9
b12
ivcgocb) cb
bHCD)
Cbr +3
b Yb t81+3
L4t3
4
v1 hoq) c-3) 2 gc3)
2
J-ovenAR UDctio
C A B àp
One to One Omto thun exsist
One
to One
onto
uLh that A
y e
OAT
en h 9 in Cclloc the he
Amvente AD clinoteod by
ShOth
1eR XR 4
CoqCx)a gcx)
loth thn
