voLUIerN O ry Sysntm N INDIA
Jht exalulan o pasty tyslem in Idia aftu Jndspendna
tAa Audy ansosmalum favm one-Pashy
demnant ykm to a Complex of mulliputy,Coniqua
Shap up b fagmentaibn factionalin and.
yienalsm
INehedas, hare iduilefad tou tasus a eedin.
Ondian lasly Zyilini
Phase T :1952-67denolye the On domunant paty
Spstem tha Cong.es Dominance phas
masking he ovesushelming dominance theAengnesu
styboth at theLerte as llas h
falesinqsess duuing thi peuiod an4a ent
oConenslls
Dusng thi phase, clectnw swere a mutipasly
aivhe Lorgsrz but te Congsesw swen uilh
veshelming majoiily
e AcaAen {or Kongsess hegemany n L he halleuun
(DThe party as 0med opeopla with dihÁ
buiend.hi plinalusm bxought it zterpreal
accaplanee amongst Te mas3es
2 hada shog gansalionalwenat-up dup-raatid n
th gndian s feciely Jhis t bippast in may
&t alks o the Countiy
The panty was lad by tauering pssenalities-
jandhiyNehau, base dnd latel, amang renal others
Tke apPesulhuen was too durnded anl weak. Th
9masefecuve dssenl camrem sithun the
Conysess hien em the ppestun
elttererl .
alasSMate
Dute
Ihe i t phast. is also masked by tomateiu
t Gouup d t o c i t c cnd Secular valucs- INC, iulist at.
lemee and Seme
stak pulies
2d GropSovict values cnd Chnese model supper ters
Commuuntst fauty of ndia and other MarxLst
tics
ad qep- Seclarian axties-Bhartkya Jan Sanyh(615),
Kam Kajya lanishad,ctc._
rth 9aoy- gional agenda- Akali Dal, Tharkhand lat
Dmketc
Jhe pesied wctncs tel Ahe gonenance onany skeng-
Chief munislena- NSanjiva kidy k kamarai ameng
knouUn as felnaluatünv othe
many othess Jhis
Congicss fasty
huse :
Jhe cond hase began n1167, ehen tCsunliy
itu deminance of the Cengsess jelt thuained er
h st tint Jhe Conguss weno'), Velis, in centat
with 7 ) dunng the fist Assemly_electint
Jhe pusty mtned at theentu, but lest
eA &
sdale assemb lu &, incluling Uttar Kadesh.
To Terter Pauea un these Stalks weLe
Many cays e
and
hud aut- it includee dilulug the mayeity
inpesulen fhestdent k áule kut they suesc met
te ehtectiw
Jnlia Gandhi, who becanu the Pnm o H66,had to
deal uodh th syndicate h he puuby, who
Could net _infuence des s h e n d i a attenpted
to &eal hes exuen authu the uly
t p u t , t Cnguss
rdi lounchs
s gerted a
kt-tnetalen Her gavemu nahnab
Ppeluey a
bauks alup abouhad piry waA
ard
d 1ndia
Behese be end of hu hut tn, zhe hod 1ndia on Lilha
viiilesu 0gainst Pakistun, setturig e bial
- n d Last akiutan
ThreughGarci Hatao, Indisa alw fuund a AuPpot
bas ameng thu disodastoged
uung 1920s, be Congruss wad maskud y eatrene
dcnsalisatv e peues and popust mass motnlisalin
dhtesot
inde Sndiaaundh, Cengus ought l971 elechient,
and s t d y at psshen r at tbu Cenbu asuell
She became the omnioint kades-no qorm o
factienalama u arieplahe tohu,and she sucun
d thu asty in a way hat hun decusund MmaneA
lasgely unsppetudemugeney iv belumed to de one
Sur d i u 8Many cppostuo leadus wt Jaled4
and hu Laueda pesenalanumosity tourard
andi
n aua 1g1, tbpoMon PAskes mpaned nundus
banA oJhal fast and wen daamaucally
i n Masche Eackunng
unprun4 consentus by
D44am hat shessed deceoaluaum, duvpl
usl dsdi his, and Lmpleymunt opponituis
peililty of o a t yelm ennged Bu it
frilld dui o disinlegratuon o thu
and elusn e logeks in l F o Janatafast
Ycerdu Yadv- o-polar sylem (vefer dive nes) elassnate
PAAe-ndiral180-8),Rajiv(&-sV{>hof s, iol Dale
1167--Carkitin
9fowseen, the LongAts& Avas ma longe an unbullaa
pantyo e Nehsuwian daysJt aulied enluie ly on
hpopulasily e Uu åupuine luadn A politLoaL
si
rtalignmeat t rhapbe indianasty sslm wde
as auay
Jn 1980, anwthu imposlant eren aaN tha fvundug athu ths
Bhaaataya Janata Gty Cer?), with dtal Bihiri
t hesicant Alihough il.moe had
Vaypayce a i
itt sasts in the Bhastuya Jan ohroh, l adoptadaa modennlu
t o
pted
btance y p u w -eth gand
andhandrcalsm au uls
Jodh
desl t,the asty Couldn't Arcwe msssu
desloay
cal
han 2 Stats.he Conpess kd by Kau andhi wonv
mith its hest enA pefecnmance, aaa u s u l of Mm
s assassinathen and the anu- Stkh iuotu hat
andhi
alleased
Post 1989, heBr? began meving closes to RsS, auecse
tssked polithicol imeleyan
At his ume, th Conguss aluo undesuant a n ielogu
wa4 maskia
dhupt ha pemod belwenn 1984 and (9s9
-
Commuaksm, and
ey uaskut erienlad ecenemy, Competie
cntalsalen pelicius t a t
Houwener the bojers Scandal, Aisiug miüli tanuy inw funjal,
th_ ciil_war beliieen LTTE and Silankan goresnmmnl
ovesnmnt
Caused dibsnt agaunst Kayrandhi Thus, he farcd
badly in b 1184, and thu Ybu
ushed in a g u
phase in Sndsen poluty
Pha il: (1981-48)
ho d iu characlued by Fest-Congsess
lelity cund te Emeemiyene f a Miultu- þary ustem
multipola cConstellatu_of
hyeas gare way to
ferces in ohuih thi Consess was no lorgen u sngle
Kisny &t- 2-N1, jat
lasat
haxaksund aokich pelitics ALeloed bn lnat nd Conlo
lamt ond a
Uhe pend make tk utt al abtd Ihe.
tist Stuh Jewinmunl ss twas V. nph led
Reudrla
Natenal nt 1989-21), thu being
cend Bns beny
PVNasimha kab-led Congses(J) (11-6)
End h tuid on ing A-8
payee lk gannment,
O thue hee, theonly V Nasnha kao could
Complele hi im amuinernty geAn ment Jhe ahen
Tue ceuldat eemEe
fer ariges full.0m
Jhaus, thhist 3 gevianmnt thivsole.cade had=to
nese
minesity gewanminto a a sisult sh hun hung
AÁLLmblis. They nuene masid by instability , lnitalens
Bs the pausese fLunu Nluuses, hising pous
th ustdza.cy, disapertionli nflutwr emal
Aimal atus in 'deeuu -nakiy ,and lack
s acceuntab1lty tmeng tu leadks6 wh iegands
to lapsci, i_ay
The TP did ackuw a let cluung thii pesod,
kut in edzn to acquise peues and "fama stale
nnaE, itnuded to Cemz eut ef iks polibical
utuchalb stallk The Congresscentuuud to
lase áat graduully i thi enid, ut dek Ttuined
et kusaliy
Andher key featuseof hie peruwd u the aise a
soak Ldentity pelltics Jksee ousetiful ferces
tlandal,Îasyid and nask1tdemualad the &ectal,
eere ad poliealandcape in bue umes
44 Phase N : (998-2014)
J a thaue oStable Caallinv cia' JL reherts
elassMate
Date.
Page
te secOneftguiaturn tfamuntad Pasty syslion-
to a b-polas one
Se wadictf 1ga9 eketonwtnesed the calul
pelassatuem Paty Systin wth Cmugence
Natuenal Aemcratie Alanc in 1991 and lalE
mation Llided Progressive Auance in 2004
Athsugh th NDA Conuptutdie tm,it couldnot
Come back to Pauwer in 2004The elechen that
eas åaua to be_a bilat upheaal. Jer E
olcade,thu BF UPA himaingd in_pouses, uth
atshan Singh as the_im Muutes
asnt-day scenasio: 2ol4 and latv
20IN sumauns a satsshud menient n thu eluctosal
ulisy thu cuntay. Ihat yeas, the BJP Came to
beuus as the sigl lasgest pasty, rettheet sn the.
Snly pat to achiune hia feaB in3 dicads
Ruudcdiaks ladesshup and huge anl-inumbency
04aunstthe UA resnmaat ost Congsa deaniy
JAse_eluen6 a wake-up Calli all
Mgenal astesJhaugh t may la eo_easly to
Aansuna bhei deeline thy nead a stkatngue
uthinkuy Neeathelkss, e Ane La deny the tac
that thze pails still_play a deciswn sle in
t h Ltai lagslatineeleetuens Ihe Nictory o
Aam Aadmi
Paaty,fist in uhi C2013-14,201pesent)
and ten in urýab 2022), andJinamee Congsess Gc2)
0gaunst BTPsheuls thal it e yet tullu
auttain the pepulanty E hld by thi Cenguss in
huydays Iogetin, they kel keep p a stuble
equulibsuum, and _sLmauns yet_to bi äun
hthu bhe ung Payweuld rernai as infuen=
ul as t_is Today An thu Cemung_ yass
