Drug Study
Drug Name: Losartan - is an angiotensin receptor blocker used to treat hypertension and diabetic
nephropathy, and is used to reduce the risk of stroke.
Classification: Angiotensin receptor blockers
Indication:
Losartan is indicated to treat hypertension in patients older than 6 years, reduce the risk of stroke in
patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (though this benefit may not extend to
patients with African heritage), and to treat diabetic nephropathy with elevated serum creatinine and
proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Losartan with hydrochlorothiazide is
indicated to treat hypertension and to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left
ventricular hypertrophy (though this benefit may not extend to patients with African heritage).
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to losartan and it’s component
Pharmacodynamics:
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker used to treat hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and to
reduce the risk of stroke. Losartan has a long duration of action as it is given once daily.3,4 Patients
taking losartan should be regularly monitored for hypotension, renal function, and potassium levels
Adverse Effects:
Cough ; placebo
Upper respiratory tract infection
Dizziness
Nasal congestion
Back pain
Side Effects:
Blurred vision
burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings
confusion
difficult breathing
dizziness
dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position
fainting
fast or irregular heartbeat
nausea or vomiting
nervousness
numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips
stomach pain
sweating
unusual tiredness or weakness
weakness or heaviness of the legs
Nursing Considerations
may cause hypotension, tacycardia, angiodema, hyperkalemia
may increase digoxin levels
assess blood pressure and heart rate
assess fluid levels
monitor daily the blood pressure
Drug Name: Amlodipine
Classification: calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina
Indication: Amlodipine may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive and
antianginal agents for the treatment of the following conditions
• Hypertension
• Coronary artery disease
• Chronic stable angina
• Vasospastic angina (Prinzmetal’s or Variant angina)
Pharmacodynamics: Amlodipine has a strong affinity for cell membranes, modulating calcium influx by
inhibiting selected membrane calcium channels. This drug's unique binding properties allow for its long-
acting action and less frequent dosing regimen.
Contraindication: Amlodipine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to amlodipine
or its dosage form components. In addition, amlodipine is relatively contraindicated in patients with
cardiogenic shock, severe aortic stenosis, unstable angina, severe hypotension, heart failure, and
hepatic impairment.
Adverse Effects: The significant adverse effects of amlodipine include peripheral edema, heart failure,
pulmonary edema, flushing, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, skin rash, nausea, abdominal pain, and
constipation. Researchers observed edema, dizziness, flushing, and palpitations in controlled clinical
trials in a dose-dependent manner.
Side Effects: Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not
all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Swelling of the ankles or feet
Less common
Chest tightness
difficult or labored breathing
dizziness
fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
feeling of warmth
redness of the face, neck, arms, and occasionally, upper chest
Nursing Considerations:
Monitor patient carefully (BP, cardiac rhythm, and output) while adjusting drug to
therapeutic dose; use special caution if patient has CHF.
Monitor BP very carefully if patient is also on nitrates.
Monitor cardiac rhythm regularly during stabilization of dosage and periodically during
long-term therapy.
Administer drug without regard to meals.
Drug Name: Clopidogrel
Classification: Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Indication: Clopidogrel is indicated to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction for patients with non-ST
elevated acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction, and in recent
MI, stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease
Pharmacodynamics: Clopidogrel is a prodrug of a platelet inhibitor used to reduce the risk of myocardial
infarction and stroke. It has a long duration of action as it is taken once daily and a large therapeutic
window as it is given in doses of 75-300mg daily.
Contraindications:
Clopidogrel is contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or
intracranial hemorrhage.
Adverse Effects:
Chest Pain
Fatigue
Hypertension
Epistaxis
Bronchitis
Side Effects:
More common
• Collection of blood under the skin
• deep, dark purple bruise
• itching, pain, redness, or swelling
Less common
• Bloody nose
• bloody, black, or tarry stools vomiting
Nursing Considerations:
Discontinue medication seven days before elective surgery if antiplatelet effect is not desirable.
Proposed Health Promotion Plan: Clean Environment, Space and Personal Hygiene
1. HYPERTENSION OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Nutritional Modifications and Blood Pressure
Modifying your diet can aid in the management of high blood pressure.
INCREASE YOUR VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CONSUME
o Consuming fruits and vegetables can help to lower your blood pressure, lower your
chance of stroke, heart disease, and other underlying medical disorders; it can also
enhance your general health and way of life.
SODUIM REDUCTION (SALT)
o Decreasing consumption of salt could avert the occurrence of hypertension; it is also
one of the most cost-effective approaches to enhance health and lower the risk of
hypertension.
REDUCE STRESS
Chronic psychological stress might lead to high blood pressure; however, there are
o
certain strategies to avoid stress, such as making time to relax, practicing breathing
techniques, and engaging in hobbies or fun activities may help you shift your
attention away from stress.
2. PERSONAL HYGIENE
HAND WASHING
o Washing one’s body and hair with soap and water on a daily basis is a practice in
personal hygiene. Microorganisms can be stopped from spreading by using good
washing techniques.
PUT ALL NECESSARY TOILETRIES IN AN EASY TO ACCESS SPOT
o For the client to be able to access everything he/she needs while bathing himself
without any help.
SHOWER CHAIR
o It is necessary to have this because it is easier to bath the client if there is a shower
chair
TOILET USE TO SEPARATE FECES AND URINE FROM PEOPLE
o For safety purposes and to maintain the cleanliness.
3. CLIENT ENVIRONMENT
CLEARING OUT AND DUST OFF
o Get rid of and organize anything else that should not be in the client's bedroom,
keep dust from accumulating within the room, sweep the floor and keep trash off
the floor to avoid dust and contamination, keep dust and spider webs at bay, and
provide the client with a comfortable and clean sleeping environment.
