ICE 4071: Industrial Internet of Things
(IIoT)
Arduino & Raspberry Pi
Dr. S. Meenatchisundaram
Email: [email protected]
What is an Arduino?
Open Source electronic prototyping
platform based on flexible easy to use
hardware and software.
What is an Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform.
It is a small microcontroller board with a USB plug.
Based on a simple i/o board and a development environment that
implements the Processing/writing language.
Arduino can be used to develop stand-alone interactive objects or
can be connected to software on your computer.
Easy-to-use hardware and software.
What is an Arduino?
It’s intended for students, artists, designers, hobbyists and anyone
who tinker with technology.
It is programmed in Arduino Programming language(APL) similar
to C/C++.
Way more easy to program compared to other microcontroller
packages.
The Arduino is a microcontroller development platform (not a
microcontroller….)
It is the winner of “worlds best interaction award 2012”
sponsored by Google
Arduino
Pinout
Different flavors!!!
There are many versions of Arduino board. Versions differ by size,
microcontroller, etc.
Shields
Printed circuit boards that sit atop an arduino
Plug into the normally supplied pin-headers of arduino.
These are expansions to the base Arduino.
For example:Arduino Ethernet shield,Xbee Shield,Touch Shield etc
External power
Should be between 9V and 12V DC.
Must be rated for a minimum of 250mA current output.
Must have a 2.1mm power plug on the Arduino end.
The plug must be “centre positive”,that is,the middle pin of the plug has to
be the + connection
ARDUINO - Software
Arduino boards can be controlled using an implementation of Wiring, Which
is a version of Processing developed specifically for electronic I/O.
Arduino looks like Processing, but is actually built in C,so there are a few
differences to look out for.
Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) can be downloaded
from http://www.arduino.cc
Currently used version is 2.0.
The Arduino IDE
The arduino is programmed in C language.
The language is very simple and provides many abstraction for
simplicity of reading and writing powerful applications.
It provides a serial monitor to see the serial data from the USB
virtual COM port.
Allows one click compiling, verification and burning of code onto the
arduino.
Arduino Programming language v/s Processing
Arduino has two reserved functions:
1. void setup()
2. void loop()
There is no pop-up display window, hence void draw() is not special.
Loop() can be considered to do the same thing as draw() for the arduino.
There are three types of variable in Arduino:
i. char
ii. int
iii. long
Arduino has a few reserved constants, which do not need to be defined:
1. HIGH//5 volts
2. LOW//0 volts
3. INPUT//pin is input
4. OUTPUT//pin is output
Conditional statements are the same as in Processing.
Functions can be defined the same as in Processing
Arduino Programming language v/s Processing
Steps in Arduino programming
Open the IDE
Write code and logic
Click the verify/compile button to check your program for errors
Attach the arduino via USB to the PC
Install drivers if first time
Setup serial port being used.
Setup board which we need to program.
Click upload code to send code to arduino.
Arduino - Simulator
“simulator for Arduino v0.95” is the simulator software to make virtual
implementation of the Arduino.
The benefits and features are:
1. The ability to teach and demonstrate the inner workings of an Arduino
sketch
2. Test out a sketch without the hardware, or prior to purchasing hardware
3. Debug a sketch
4. Demonstrate a project to a potential customer
5. Develop a complicated sketch faster than using the hardware
Simulator for Arduino v0.95
Simulator for Arduino
Why Arduino?
It is Open Source,both in terms of Hardware and Software.
It is cheap,(about $20,the cost of going out for pizza)
USB connectivity(MacBooks don’t have serial ports)
More powerful than a BASIC stamp(it costs around $180)
Simple and easy to use by someone without formal electronics training.
Editing and rewriting is often easier than writing from scratch.
Getting started with Programming
Bare minimum code
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run
once:
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run
repeatedly:
}
Bare minimum code
setup : It is called only when the Arduino is
powered on or reset. It is used to
initialize variables and pin modes
loop : The loop functions runs continuously
till the device is powered off. The main
logic of the code goes here. Similar to
while (1) for micro-controller
programming.
PinMode
A pin on arduino can be set as input or
output by using pinMode function.
pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // sets pin 13 as
output pin
pinMode(13, INPUT); // sets pin 13 as
input pin
Reading/writing digital values
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // Makes the output
voltage on pin 13 , 0V
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // Makes the output
voltage on pin 13 , 5V
int buttonState = digitalRead(2); // reads
the value of pin 2 in buttonState
Analog to Digital Conversion
What is analog ?
It is continuous range of voltage values
(not just 0 or 5V)
Why convert to digital ?
Because our microcontroller only
understands digital.
ADC in Arduino Uno
Converting Analog Value to
Digital
Quantization the signal
ADC in Arduino
The Arduino Uno board contains 6 pins for
ADC
10-bit analog to digital converter
This means that it will map input voltages
between 0 and 5 volts into integer values
between 0 and 1023
Reading/Writing Analog Values
analogRead(A0); // used to read the
analog value from the pin A0
analogWrite(2,128);
ADC Example
// These constants won't change. They're used to give names to the pins used:
const int analogInPin = A0; // Analog input pin that the potentiometer is attached to
const int analogOutPin = 9; // Analog output pin that the LED is attached to
int sensorValue = 0; // value read from the pot
int outputValue = 0; // value output to the PWM (analog out)
void setup() {
// initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// read the analog in value:
sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin);
// map it to the range of the analog out:
outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
// change the analog out value:
analogWrite(analogOutPin, outputValue);
// print the results to the serial monitor:
Serial.print("sensor = " );
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.print("\t output = ");
Serial.println(outputValue);
// wait 2 milliseconds before the next loop
// for the analog-to-digital converter to settle
// after the last reading:
delay(2);
}
Arduino Vs Raspberry Pi
Arduino Vs Raspberry Pi
