Marne > Poked Yash ™.
Ered) Moe QovdAGOS {1 O50
Bubs “DSP
erg - wath [A ~
Das Fos each Of “the following system letermiog wneshen
== gyarerns oXe U) stable (3) canto (8) Uneire G) Tene Tovotat
(5) Memory Lot
(@) “T (tt9)) = inno)
Ae(x) xm = xen)
~@ Teh] = sin on)
A hinye + fol nen
<0 ff 0 fame
he
co wo
2S lhe) cE Bl -ro) = +
nO nee
SSHenve the gren astern is gtoble.
xs
(1) “the systern te cousad becouse the ap depends only on the
price and past vest of es
(a) yin) = TOI = (n-ne)
Youn) = T [x,(n)d = X2(0-N9)
2ythe weighted een of ofp is i
ay,tn) + dyin) = AC 2, (n—noj] + 60 %6N-0)I
=y the ofp due -+to weighted sun af yp is,
J Sty) 2.7 Ca 09) + bx Cn)
y
3 OLX (n-neyIt BOA (9-907)
At Ygln) ay, (9) + by,n)
Sy thesefpte, the. Gren syste he Uneer,
(ex) he pat to Yp selayed by K vnits fn
ke senn) 2 FLACK) = 900)
Ne
Pare try ee em
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Byes) a4 $ yin-2) = axtn-4)
defermine yin) for 070 * shen x) 1S 600) and yin) £0, 940.
fos 2p Taking a toans 1m,
e@ “yw oye +t 4 2 yee) s 2 He)
| aye) p4 oe 4 .“} con xt)
Has VO) - aoct
Xe) ~ gagct tan
4 ¥
“aye
x)= 619) .
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A cougaf CTT syste 1g deacnbed) by the tiffesene
equeten? — Yes) — Syln-4) ~ By(9—2) = 24¢n-4)
|
i
is
ba System)
© (@) Determine the hommeneos Tepmre of the 49
: &) Detumine the sespenie Cmputse) of athe syste
Ans (@)-To sue this equotion, we asdume a solusion 4 4
; + yom = Aa —@
where A and A ox Goostantans. Substituting this jako the:
we 9v, eo
Ss Aah — SAAN! = GAAP 20 -@_— When Yp aim eo)
=y Dividing by parce.
Ws ye ~ SA - 6 0
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ace and a, ord
Sp Theretore , the general solusven of the homogeneous equation 1,
A Ca)" + A,6 vl
() Meo) — Syin~ 4) — Sylora) = 24 co-4)
> MAKIny zc ~bans-forn ,
Ye) = SET 2) = 6PM) = BETO
LY@)ta- Set -ectt= at xy)
tHe) -Y@) = on!
KI) Agta ere
Hl) 22
| Zo S2-6
HO) oe 2 EA ee re
2 (2-6) Cet) =6 a
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@) Evaluate xtel)|20
(b) Evoluote ee) [e ff
© svatiahe Pree ee
Es
As Xtc Joa Or” a 1 Od tu
@ Swe Keow ther,
co ‘
= = xy err
xe) = Se :
Rt ic yar ae8 a eas) +24) a
owed = teas G san vei
i icye eee ud e ee Uy OE oS)
Hino
208) eis? —
* spe
sxteD ert eh +0. ser? -1.e ware etre
tee as + aloo gO
eta ne oi oa oe pelo oe
} i “ ‘ 20 S40 ee
2 o. ges eo”. re ee oe oes oe é€
fe a wo ea 294 a penn ese
@ xe o> © fee
| -e
| eri Sashes
f Bean
{3
| Tete! N= 4
er iv “iv jar “un 3
wae we eye te getty eg aa
etl) Capote) etsy +2 + eYy= ay
qaayertct tO eat :
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner v 4
© | yx tele) dio
= ee je
tT ei} wf oe dio ue-4) id
Leer
= xt) at
—T
7
v
v ; 2 gn +
+ fro ad +29 fea xo]
hen caus :
HW? guy + a | e
7
v ee + uy) |e
Fae) dio an
a]
et ee
~[ sin er)x $d - -[an sen ouie: [ a5 3]
ov
300 Or
ete eh a = e
+f ee
3 oe
eadeom + Csin tenet
(or) x21 ~ CoG) x 2
2 [sin(an) 23 I> (sio¢T)
: +2 Laine re 9 rose
ie oo tir oH os 0 = 9
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Qe Slob. and Prove all the propestes of TFT.
Ans
T] F Cxymd = XW) and FE apn) = %2)
hen F axyiny + bt = )
oO
Pao F Caen) 4 6x29 = =, Caro) +
any) + b% 5
je
txt) Je
os
A «© \
EJ jon raster
2S oxime. + Zo bxtn) &
=)
2 any (eo) * boxe, (2)
fx) “Tine shifty _Popert >
Oar ecxenyd = xis) .
shen FEX (T= ele pxfec) eoheve @ Ts an AKG
Pra, + ¢ Cxe-m)] = = Kinéme
nano
Splat am ef
qe ote ae
px corm) = STAD nett
pe-c0
. %
2 ee 5: x@) elt
pe
® ;
2 th xr)
=> This result shows athat the cime bitty of a nN: Ny, tNe 72 = ete 4
yest yO, YA) $2). 97 EF yor ees
Jetye YD YAD IAD 9OD, Ir oly foro
c: :
js cbtained by using Toloubere
yos)
Spothe oubrah response
meshed ,
®
Grvadiant- Syste is
z-transform of OP
e@
| Qh the Wp te a caused -Unewe stn’
2 fA)? ueny. The
xy) = UD) (4) ee
’ of this sytem is ye) 5)
3 the SysFero
Detesm Hie) the trans-fos furetien t
(@) BO aya Be are bo opecidgy tiem af
¥
eae convergence :
“h) woke es 4
(.) oho iS the FegIOD *) Convergence 7s ye
ted eteremnine yo). : ae
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i XK) s
|
| tee) 2 —_E pa
es 24,
ud 2 eck) este) 2 eae ee
ek) @-al=- 4)
KD t <4
e @-Dte-4s)
FNow, Hey) =I = a4 ea
ae ce
eo (= yz jure’) - ke
aye * (e-) L4
2 He) = =) mi
Alt) = tae
ES
e°- H(z) = Rocs- itl >t
a —-het
ss Ripihien ee woes = —_
(b) We & o) (44) (2-4) les)
“Ys +120
gre 4 Yo is wyro & =
Poet & Bt
chore she Roe of YR) 418 given by,
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pa : Unerr me touahan
Q2 The sysrerm qunckon 4 oe me
gyshom 1S Hu) < pict
14 2"
4
“be Wp + this system aim= (5) uto) t+ vin= 4)
find the enpulse weaponse of athe system , hid)
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Et) Gt)
ee
sername
Ss se
(et %,) ( 23,7)
=F Taking Gowense To trads-forrn 5
2 HQ) =
at hu) e €3) uw) = 2y" un’)
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xl)
yea) Wee) % KOS
i> for 402),
x10) =(4)° win) + Wbe OAD
DS
zak
ike + nt
Kis ele = (x-%) = x
aes ey
© MR) =e ABE y dercles
fyjrey 7%
2402 3 "5 % bay
ewes &H9
ee UZ) = =
fe-4g) (2419)
@ 2, A 6
YO < =% =f 4
= G-4p) (244) (es) GH)
ea Eee oe ae
a A= zB, Lo. %t%, ey, “a
ha he
yy =e ‘he
a 428. ( A
zt-n, Id Vtg
oe (sa) 4S
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yn) ck £4 (4 Ln a 2) juin’)
must be. 4
the aystern is stable Become the, FOC Ob Os
. oh taebeled the unit aiecie. “Mere4he » hun) a6 4
cohich # ou
sumpncble-
lowiay
Qs Find inves & roan following
@ He 2F 2c" te fos al posdore ROCs
1-22 Ho Ke
2
= Hes CH= ) reir.
H
[y-dc ue) a
¢ s ented od, ~ OaUSE poled are 45+ ede)
= Her) con be repres
“| Hi) = Be tT A + po
1-% zt j-t = :
Leng division method ,
The Genser Be Ca be rnd by ng
a
pacias fo fs2tttt
a a ve B27) +2
+ &
Day
: = a oe 2 4
after long division ts
Sch one step 4
ce Paes rent Te ois net nec erry +o Entinue
degree 4 oe
She Die: Thus, Hex) ae be expres
-I
SH te) 22 ch ya Se :
- ee” ces
re se 44S
7 Hoey Ms < c po tte Gayo *
Bet ie i
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As a2
2 ae atazt
© fon ne ciferentionin FPO
°. -l
nxn) ey pak = 208 il ziat
dz ata!
ay athe Uveorstty and the Hime shifting property , we cos)
nx %,
nx) = 4 cant gent)
ig) ee tee
oe tie) 2)
&s “+ K) = oz
(e448) (e-s)*
fp 2 bee se
= ees Sa) tee ee
2g co aero) t 6 cee
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(gel + ab 43
Lge h +8
ga Bt 2B
sez e-%, = ERE
tye & (ae) +t Ge)
LD
= aL,
e z ) an)
« a =)\t ay
s Ke) = ark += (Fe (< 4
fs “Ta a Yevesse TO ren frm,
2) 2 () a)? ue) “eye ee
. a lary
@) AD my (e40-9 (445) : a
Bs pe eee
So pe oe Te
Nir
goS\lerd) +8(Z L241) + cD tered
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Soe OOF COd-st os)
‘ oe kt
? ers
= Je=8
whey Tats
4% (ayue o-s)
coe Glee) + 8a) Ue) +
toe A2+2a + 6.
Se
. 2S
Fe 4(4)
48428
= 9 bdss) ad (<3)
LeWey -*( aed * Rae
e * ae sans fore,
=] Taxing NversS,
ya agg - B Costa + CNM)
eat 4m)
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~—
anid = (2) Se)
Lee) = 2 (4) 2 CPW
oS
be en) 2a an) i
6) é Nuin). from. che -Hme-
ce. Aime -wewersed veasied a
aT fet property “ak follows: ther,
igi 1 ae ieiete |
j-az :
= nah uin)
a0 car acoyd
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=. We know theh,
zgine
“ ~ [ sinfo=n) wend] = prea eine
ty Ol rey or
. aon .
= Usiog the muthptic
a lee sin(ven) ar)] e 2[ inconrv?] 0a)
a La Sins @
acne
zp QZ coswort
a aq
Zp sinwe
ate ree 2qz @sWot PF
2
tzl 74)
its
ye zicoS, “Bind impulse “FespOnse nun) cy .
Hee) = -
QS Suppose = ;
fnverse system fer alt possible Ro €S-
alos
2 H@) = acl
BE EAS
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner SE TR eR a ee
oe
hin) = (0-4) wens) — ons (0-9) UA)
«fhe = Gap fue )- 0 wo} |
Qe find cut aly path minirourn phos
Systom,
‘, 1700)
e seutphn op aK
Hite) atdet
RACE) reer meel
s+det
Ang ° Ri ile
Spade + inside tne mir a é
‘ a ore
Sy ten & oukide the uAr
_\*
awe (Ste)
Leal
sy a06),, OTE)
(=) ob)
sat © eee ae =
® ae) 2
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner a y
Os Define Poe . Wah propeaies ¢ Pot.
As ROC stands for regio? af tonverger® » whith is. the seh
oh vabres of complex variable “fof wahich a power sealed
Ra c- srans-fpem Com er-ged
sk Ropesties a a
@) Roc cannot contain any poles -
(b) BOC is a Connected wegion tn the complex plane
is ne exresiol
©) Roc an infinite - dusaion causal uignad
a chtte , which incldes infiaitye
(2) Rot a safe = erotion anit Causol signal is the
of a circle , conich Ineades the oxgin-
iaatre - urohen hop sided sign
Inteniok
oh iS aang: eohich
@) Roc et an os
excuides the ogi? anct_inginily-
QE Prove at the prepares 4 cotansform -
(1) Uneority © axyend + GEN) CES aH) 4 bxz(e)
(2) Time ahifping © x (n-ty) eet wi Kz)
ates eueusad © -N) ety xe)
(a) Time expansion 1 (Mx) ey xtz5)
S pi Pferental on K ares |
() 50 See aes nxn) —-2 Feat
6) Cenjugenon oe en De Cet
yon 21
wien pe Ly day
weed
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner 4 Defermine the unit step mrespanse of, ae causad syst)
fot cobicl ace oansfIn 4 impulse rresponse 15 4
Hex) = Ge)
| (124
| Ay Hee) = end) - eS (a3) tel
YA yaa) Cre”
| Dy we know thar,
cs
une > = a
2 8) = HO) a
@ see tte
te query
[email protected] ce Ce
Ante ac
eS
Qs Egeih colaorhly Wo eC) and TFT.
As => the t fas 98.
6 a Xbe) = 2 nie ee (),
Sethe fowler ‘alsin 5°
J. Mes) & £ xine -wy) ——O
qe
ler w= mete
ax) = 5 xinyoey?
neo
2 es
ex). = Cxeoper Je?
Net. ,
ta he fourier Aransteten of xen)
Spe fpurite benim of 19)
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te | XCC)
QA Consideg the Cound UTE Syste uly 2ysher function
a
aide eee =o.
As tye =e
ia)
Ih thar
Draw a signel flo arr
Parallel cernbineHion of ar pies crrans pes
e Secon, ;
‘ Ane 2gsheO dou
Pos 5} Using, parsiod Feaien) eepansien + 48
atten She piten O48,
py idvase _cthe.:. 102 groph trek impleneds
4 fist tdek
Now, we &
paranied combination
| ths system ob 2
ren acer fooen (IE) seasont
acs) su)
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner G2 Ta he system fuoction :
- hide ae? AE
qogettte:
q e 3
Draw the — fow grephs of al) possi
System af Carcade of, fish Dtdep Syshe-
. this
Wie xtldeaion por tH!
)
os a wee Use -
eieye
A
Hey) = see), jez)
Say or
He Cosede Feten t- ; 6
| Fc |
LG j ‘ ,
vy 1
Hy &)
ghost nore on stouberts Of :
eter thot hag an infinite
yo)
ree)
Q3 Were
@ gate is a algal ee ae
a meaning ara ‘its ofp depen
le ‘Ip ales -
aye cron and par
i R system
; Bifferent ways te implemesr ao I
a aia pen, "ide pons peraliel fptm — nck
eT is obtained by Avectly applying he Mifeence
* equotion tne IER ayster:
> all cero section and ald
fay Breet fern) ae 3
: «ep Fete (ET)-7 Consisrs af the Sern
wor fo parallel.
cused
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner es
SE Cascade (orn s-this ehruchire 15 oblained by tecempo te)
athe bams-fof ofunenvon of dhe “TR sysremn ee
Produk of secant. pidet sections each with two pales ard te
TeUS.
KPoratiel foley ethis ghevehnre
canst function
oe of socend a ae
canes
(4-47 esaeture)
He) = tae wip ate? t 46 (4+
Qe et)
es Lact Crt)
he) = 6a are
(5-32)?
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner Qe Deows Tmpulse jnvanane method fof rk filkey design
RG
Aes =p'the impulse lavaniance mebhod fs a technique fof
= designiny —Aigited UTR filters by sempling the impulse “rea
Pee ek an analog filter. the basic steps ase?
(2) choose an onotey filter prototype thal meets the deatred Speci
fications in the conHnucus — frequenty domain
(1) Gover the analog {ites transhey fundien -t0 its
Jovese leplace pans-form-
jpudse seaport
using
(2) Semple the Fmpue vespearse esith a chosen Sampling period
de obton the discrete ene impulse Ee UPENSE-
Adisesebe — time Tenpulse
Get) Apply the cc bonsfeten “ete
meppnse to obtain the agit
oO Name, different
= end explain Kaiser om
Arssrthere are many types of
Pop ETR filkes . tesign
@) Rectangular cinco
(b) angular window
©) Hamming window
@) Hanning windor
©) Blackman window
) kaiser window
atten transteh — tunerien-
windows used fof FIR filter design
dow iy defell-
cindowws thal
euch a8,
can be wed
=
Kofser window
The Kotter winded , also Knoad oS the
tony developed by James kale
te gene = paramere spernily of
can approximate — the opined — prrvh
cokich maximizes the raHO of molt)
tobe energy-
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner lhe parmeber B controls Whe shape of the windnw and
athe velba side Lobe attenuahin: Fr a given B , -the -relahive,
Side lobe attenuation Ts fred with -weaped to lhdiaud
Neng th
=> As B ineveases, “HE
gike Labe ened — detreodtd.
rain Lobe width fncreabes and +he
othe kaiser windao funcheo fs given boy,
To (a)
o ‘
to(®) , fop inn eNO
aa | for otherehe
G arnined
@Z where x is an independent variable dete hy
kaiser. “he parametey & is expremed oS
2 ps «[4 ie cay
Q.to Gonpare TTR and FAR filler
i
pa TER _Filtes FIR filters
(2) [AN he infinite semples ab gS ire Mae aE
lenpag reapers. “art considestd . | coenples Impulse ‘aponse
are consid ered.
(2). [The “wnpulae reaponie cannot be [he fanpulse Tespense can be
diwecHy Converted to atighrat direcHy Goaverted to cigia!
ilrer teeeter function. Biles Aranster -famenten.
at
o) | Unease phase charactensHies can) uneor prose fates can) be
Mor be achieved- — eosily aleasigned.
ek Bites are easily reakized | FIR Altes ean be penlreed
iS 0 —reeyrsialy,
specifications ‘indude the, [the sf cide the
sed choactensties oy | eth ee
2. MOSponse Only. " : phade
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Kio” 7d
y 4)
*U) ih
xe) a0
Bat)
seus) 474 sce o
e a
Veclmets) | [hehe a
x) Laid -l tes
x2 45 273
Ko 0444243 6
Vseeay | = | On-2 ¥aj | = [25-7
2) or 43-3, 3-25
OY Aj H2-3s
as xekdel 6, -2423f 2 28h
— ie -24
Q.2 Find 4 point IDET Of KR) LG n24aj m2? 3
ted - $
Bes {eet s
Pee DETER ON S| pce [ra
: @ Pid 2
2-3
ae Go ee
fe -2425 2 2-25
“|g 42h te +2 2+?
642-25 -2 Des
[6 -aj-2 +2 425-2.
petix Ole [9 ]
g
4
OFT Trt) y, et) =
ie p42
qi
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner Sti) s (0,45? 3h
Qa Compre “DFT Cte transform and DFT.
a See] TFT | Z- transform et :
(a) Poe} “Time <~ plane, “Frequency
Cpiceete) Clomplex) (pisos)
Repwes- .
e) eee xe) x0) «UD
Ipisevere in beth “He
[Time | Conkioums in both Fremendy “eapanse 10
and — Fresuendy
©) VS | time ard Freqventy z-plane
haat |
Reio-| Continuous pexsodic | Zabisre dunroker | Dieerete periodic
oes
=
© Roc Entre z-plane Debined by Unit ciecle
poles and cers
| pret Brabysis 8} Contin~ | Contre! &oe2 . YDS hued
hiej=. nies,
hse
D forncs , =8 cae
ha)en hiro
. hte)=L i A
Crete Gnvoluhon methe
2% yo) =f, 3.8.3} 3 usin 4
Sp Now, we can verify this ansioes using Fabuahen — Methed
7 :
As 2
4 2 3
Ei eb ga ae
oye st 4 Dad 243 BF
i gene {Ly 3538
2 Bnswoeg is verified jusing bel om
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner QS Bypein crtaber shift ond symmehy popeties af DET.
AS & Civeday_ shift
@) Groter Frequency giyht-
DET trem} = KKK) |
2 Laem oA: 4 af (K-LD , (med ny) |
hen, DET
() Circle Hoe shih +
TE DET Cater} = xk) i | -fotrnt
DET tx fO—ns}), med NTS =xikle
Then , DET yvendys
@ xk Symmety This propatier cheba: theak Uf xc) is «read-
Salued signal, Wes DET XK) has 2 spec syrmmeby ,
the read pauk KUO fs even- symmebic and the magne) |
Pee 4 XK) is add —ssmmebrc.
wn which |
2X ON-E) = X* Ck) = KER)
SF for even sequence | xck) = ‘= mtn) Cos (2%)
nes
ns odd sequene . ee) Jy aye (amis
nro
Og Gen xin 2” and Neg. Bad xk) ving DITA FFT
“algesithm.
By Ginen yen) =t4,2, 4,2. 46. 2, GY . 128}:
ays N=g ae
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner A446 A> 13469 ay X60) 28h
+ Se :
© tek >
AGJ=AG. + =
ee ats oe at
| GP. 63 tee,
xyes
Stas ter
suey Ls xt)
x6) =64 bx = is
a L 4tesy) | Gay | ss
| oes2 | Le)
Ud)=2
8.63 NG.
xs) = 32 —p>—+ xis) 9
wer | :
Che F492
xO)=8 is. x)
| i UE. 6a flO
Liar 34 ; — + xa)
= Ra eae at a ce Fal
we Bnd
Uk) =] DSB, WAG oF, TL tod , 98-0 Tj¥seh — BE
=H GS -j4eot , ~SA- jac2, GP 63> jabs. oF} :
O4 Gren Xtn)= 2" and Neh, Bod xe) sing THE FFT algo~
“Ee Whe.
BVM ge 32, 644 VR
dy 3 Gren, ape}
SO Bee
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9d. : x
1) 2 .
Awey
LP) “i "
"4 Ka 496d
= + 166+ 085
NBk aie
c
- Bees
> a] Aro. Eph he Youd
ae on mated)
47 gory , —7R6S + 4E-OT,
2 xu) =] 2, ag cy ttecayy 7 SATION
*. = - [Aer 49.63 — jabs 07°
ae *
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= alge
Ae Sy To decirmker, 4G
darmoin sequence. £068)
DET: re Corrpubed ard ey oe
4 N- poink “DET.
In generas we can sas Shel In WIT Algonithm the Ke-polsk
moohired faery two bunmbess, Nor port DFTs,
f la ¥*
Perm, hijo Cueshe
Hene (DIT) algatihen, the Hime
is decimobed — and smaller pot
Conibined 40 gph dss
| DET can be
Lake My pola
| 4 yy pein ETS « and to on,
—@Str ovo aodix-2 FET, +he N-poiak Hene dernainy
seante ec deinoked ino Q- point
“a -poink DFT for each Anuenoled — sequence
ET Cae be qeodieed
sequences and ‘he
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