INTRODUCTION

The Covid-19 pandemic Listen is a pandemic of an emerging infectious disease, called coronavirus
disease 2019 or Covid-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It appeared on November 16, 2019
in Wuhan[4], in the province of Hubei (in central China), before spreading around the world.

I- THE CAUSES

1- the original of the coronavirus

The first known case of Covid-19 is actually a vendor in the Huanan market in Wuhan, according to
the revelations of an article published by the journal Science on November 18. The World Health
Organization (WHO) stipulated from the start that patient zero was a man who had never been to the
famous Wuhan animal market.

2- The spread if the coronavirus

We know that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is transmitted from person to
person in several ways. The virus can spread when small liquid particles are expelled through the
mouth or nose when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, sings, or breathes deeply. These
particles come in different sizes, ranging from large “respiratory droplets” to smaller “aerosols”.
According to currently available data, the virus is mainly transmitted between people who are in
close contact with each other, usually within one meter (close distance). A person can become
infected when they inhale aerosols or droplets containing the virus or when they come into direct
contact with their eyes, nose or mouth. The virus can also be transmitted in poorly ventilated and/or
crowded indoor spaces, where one tends to stay longer, as aerosols remain airborne or travel
distances greater than one meter (long distance). You can also become infected when you touch
surfaces contaminated with the virus, then put your hands in your eyes, nose or mouth before
washing them. Further research is underway to better understand the spread of the virus and to
determine which environments are most risky and why. Researchers are also investigating newer
variants and why some of them have a higher rate of transmission (link to WHO status reports).

II- THE CONSÉQUENCES

1- Political conséquences

Following the development of the Covid-19 pandemic, for public health purposes, political decisions
were taken: state of health emergency, confinement, exit authorizations and controls on the
movement of people, limitation of travel in trains, planes, boats, cars, reinforced border controls,
limitation of public and private meetings, administrative closures or restrictions on crowds in bars,
restaurants, museums, theatres, cinemas, performance halls, leisure parks, stadiums, sports halls,
sports associations, schools or universities and new curfew measures are being put in place. In 2021,
due to the proliferation of mutant viruses, for example in the United Kingdom, crossing borders to or
from countries outside the EU is prohibited except for "compelling reasons" (including for French
returnees)[130]. A few countries are implementing strict isolation measures at the hotel upon arrival
in their territory [131]. Australia, which applies the "zero Covid" strategy, has banned the return from
India of its own citizens under penalty of prison[132]. Digital surveillance is put in place by some
countries, by means of mobile phone tracking. These exceptional measures are applicable on a
temporary basis. The measures can concern different periods and territories depending on the
intensity of circulation of the virus and the capacity parameters of the hospital structures[133],[134],
[135],[136]. Consumption of alcohol in public spaces may be prohibited to limit gatherings on quays,
squares, green spaces[137]. In March 2020, a vote in Hungary gives almost unlimited powers to
Prime Minister Viktor Orban[136].

2- the social conséquences

Health measures aimed at limiting physical contact between people are rapidly leading to increased
use of digital information and communication technologies. Thus, the French National Audiovisual
Institute notes that "all the countries which have established containment to deal with the Covid-19
pandemic" have experienced a "record explosion" in the consultation of information online, the
media beating audience records. The pandemic would tend to accelerate the transformations of
media or socio-digital uses and of the online public space, without however constituting a radical
upheaval[200]. During the Covid-19 pandemic, telework was offered whenever possible across
Europe[201]. Main article: Telecommuting. The pandemic is also very significantly leading to the
choice of decision-makers to advocate and promote distance education[202]. Scores of schools,
universities and training institutes are rapidly switching to distance learning, with school closures in
191 countries as of mid-April, affecting 1.5 billion students and 63 million teachers in primary and
from high school. This education makes massive use of digital means, which creates problems of
access to education for a large number of people, the digital infrastructures, skills and equipment of
institutions and students being very diverse. The problem posed by this digital divide leads to calls to
use other media for learning, such as radio and television broadcasts. Adaptation problems also arise
in well-equipped countries and institutions[202],[203]. In general, the pandemic is leading to an
increase in screen time, including among children, leading to increased risks for them, including
cyberbullying, child crime and sexual exploitation.

3- thé économic conséquences

A double shock of supply (linked to the drop in production) and demand (linked to the drop in
consumption, particularly in services) is occurring[1] and many companies find themselves in total or
partial shutdown , raising fears of shortages of essential goods, at the same time as health
containment measures are taken, concerning half of humanity[2]. Financial markets begin to fall on
February 24, 2020, due to a significant increase in the number of Covid-19 cases outside mainland
China[3],[4]. The decline continues in sequences[5],[6],[7] until March 23, particularly on the
European and North American markets, with the worst day in the history of the Paris Stock Exchange
on March 12[ 8], in a stock market crash phenomenon. Many events for citizens, businesses and the
general public (sports, music, fairs, elections, etc.) have been canceled or postponed[9]. Confinement
has psychological effects, on consumption, on modes of sociability, but also on the environment
(temporary reappearance of wildlife in the city, drop in CO2 emissions[10], etc.) nevertheless offset
in a few months by a rebound in fossil fuel consumption in 2021[11]). On April 15, 2020, the
International Monetary Fund renamed the crisis "Great Lockdown", in reference to the Great
Depression and the Great Recession[12]. The scale of the crisis is leading a large number of political,
economic and intellectual actors to imagine ways to reinvent society after confinement. At the
macroeconomic level, the decline in economic activity and the support measures are leading to an
unprecedented increase in public debt worldwide. At the international level, due to the increase in
inequalities and wealth gaps caused by the pandemic crisis, which risk plunging 6 to 8% of the world's
population into poverty[13], new experiences in favor of universal income are put in place[14].

lll- THE SOLUTIONS

1- Prévention mesures

While reinforced measures have been applied to the entire metropolitan territory since April 3 and
for four weeks, it is imperative to continue, every day, to respect health precautions. By the addition
of our individual efforts, we are collective actors against the circulation of the virus. It is the sum of
our individual behaviors and our general mobilization, which allow us to hold together, to protect
ourselves and to protect our health system and our economy . Because, against the epidemic, every
gesture counts. Every effort, however small, saves lives. These efforts must be continued so as not to
spoil those already accomplished. More than ever, let's continue to: wash your hands regularly or use
a hydro-alcoholic solution; - cough or sneeze into your elbow or into a handkerchief; - blow your
nose in a disposable handkerchief then throw it away; - avoid touching your face;

- respect a distance of at least two meters with others; - greet without shaking hands and stop
hugging; - wear a category 1 surgical or fabric mask when the distance of two meters cannot be
respected; - limit social contacts as much as possible (6 people maximum); - ventilate the rooms as
often as possible, at least a few minutes every hour; - use digital tools (Tous anti-Covid application)

2- Thé intervention of médicine

The aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP) of the Ethnopharmacopoeia of Martinique - around a
thousand - would be likely to provide great services in this fight against COVID-19, this viremia of
Asian origin which is beginning to seriously affect the population of Martinique. . While waiting for
the drug that will stop the replication and growth of the virus, it is important to pay attention to 2
elements of care: immunodeficiency and respiratory disorders. All the recipes offered here are based
exclusively on scientific work carried out by researchers around the world as well as the pan-
Caribbean network TRAMIL, a network in which Martinique participates ([Link]). Because
AMPs, contrary to popular belief, have dangerous side effects, interact with food, nutrients and other
medications, and therefore require precautions for use.
CONCLUSION