Scribd
Upload
203 views29 pages

Unit-1 Surfactants

This document provides an introduction to surfactants, including how they work and their structure. Surfactants, also known as surface active agents, reduce the surface tension between two phases like water and oil. They work by gathering at the interface between the phases and altering the interface properties. This allows surfactants to bind water and oil together. Below a certain concentration known as the critical micelle concentration, surfactant molecules exist individually in solution. Above the CMC, they start to cluster together to form micelles, which can solubilize insoluble materials. Surfactants come in ionic forms like anionic and cationic varieties as well as nonionic types, and each have different uses including in cleaning products.

Uploaded by

smitjpatel71
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
203 views29 pages

Unit-1 Surfactants

This document provides an introduction to surfactants, including how they work and their structure. Surfactants, also known as surface active agents, reduce the surface tension between two phases like water and oil. They work by gathering at the interface between the phases and altering the interface properties. This allows surfactants to bind water and oil together. Below a certain concentration known as the critical micelle concentration, surfactant molecules exist individually in solution. Above the CMC, they start to cluster together to form micelles, which can solubilize insoluble materials. Surfactants come in ionic forms like anionic and cationic varieties as well as nonionic types, and each have different uses including in cleaning products.

Uploaded by

smitjpatel71
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction

to
Surfactants
Why does surfactant work ?

Water : Hydrophobic Hydrophilic


Oil : Lipophilic Lipophobic
What does surfactant do ?

Water & Oil


Surface
are mortal
Tension –
enemies
Force
between
two liquids

Surfactants
acts as
clamp
binding
Water & Oil
are together
How does surfactant work?
Surfactant
Definition
Surface Active Agent
✓ Substance which reduces surface/interfacial tension
between two phases
✓ Compounds having tendency to gather around
the interface between two different materials by
altering the properties of interface remarkably
✓ Serves as good mediator to settle dispute between
two phases which are not friends
What is Surface Tension?
The Influence of Surfactants on
Surface Tension
Important Property
Small Micelle
Micelle

Extremely Dil. Soln Soln at Soln


Dil. Soln CMC above
CMC
Critical Micelle Concentration
(CMC)

Minimum concentration at which


surfactants molecules begin to
form micelles
Surfactant Behavior
Structures of Micelles
CMC and Micelles
Importance
• Micelles make insoluble material soluble in water.

• The structure of the micelles can affect the


viscosity of the solution.

• Micelles are reservoirs of surfactants.

• If not above CMC, the cleaning solution gets


depleted of surfactants and cleaning power is
lost!!
Important Properties of
Surfactants
• Wetting and penetrating effects
• Emulsifying
• Dispersing / Solubilizing effects
• Foaming / De-foaming effects
• Detergency
• Conditioning
• Substantivity
• Thickening
How Surfactants Work
Types of Surfactants
Ionic Surfactants
Anionic Surfactants

Carboxylates
Soaps

Alkyl benzene Sulphonates


LABS

FAS
Ionic Surfactants
Anionic Surfactants

Sulfosuccinate
Diester

Sulfosuccinate
Monoester
Ionic Surfactants: Uses
Anionic Surfactants

• Cleansing Formulation
– Shampoo
– Hand wash
– Bath gels
– Tooth Paste
– Soaps & Detergents
Cationic Surfactants(1)
Cationic Surfactants(2)
Cationic Surfactants
Ionic Surfactants
Amphoteric Surfactants

Cocobetaine (CB)
CH3

N+ CH2COO-

CH3
Cocoamidopropylbetaine ( CAPB)
CH3

CONH(CH2)3 N+ CH2COO-

CH3
Uses : Amphoteric Surfactants

• Betaines are used in personal care products e.g.


hair shampoos, liquid soaps, and cleansing
lotions.
• All-purpose cleaning agents, hand dishwashing
agents, and special textile detergents..
Nonionic Surfactants
Nonionic Surfactants
Water Solubility of Nonionics
Reason
Nonionic Surfactants
Properties
Nonionic Surfactants
Applications
• Cleansing agent in detergents

• Emulsifying agents household & I & I


formulations

• Wetting agents in textile processing,


agrochemical formulations
Thank you

You might also like