October 15, 2023
Values -
Development
First Platoon, Third squad
What is Self Development?
The army defines Development as planned, and
focused on objectives learning that deepens
and broadens a person's knowledge base, self-
awareness, and situational awareness.
SELF DEVELOPMENT
Perceived Self- is composed of a set of self-
cognitions regarding one’s traits,
competencies and values. It is reinforced
through feedback
SELF DEVELOPMENT
The Ideal Self- represents the set of
traits, competencies and values an
individual would like to possess.
SELF DEVELOPMENT
Self Identities- are those aspects of the individual’s
self-concept that are derived from the social
categories to which he or she perceives him/herself as
belonging to. Social identities link individuals to
reference groups, which establish a set of role
expectations and norms that guide the individual’s
behavior within each of the social identities.
SELF DEVELOPMENT
Self Esteem- is the evaluative
component of the self-concept. It is the
function of the distance between the
ideal self and perceived self.
VALUES EDUCATiON
Values- are the beliefs, which we hold to be true -
those noble ideals we struggle to attain and
implement in our daily lives.. Derived from the
natural and moral laws and not from an individuals
opinions and feelings.
Values Education - is based on a rational
understanding of the human person, specifically on
understanding of the Filipino as a human being in
society and his/her role in the shaping of society
and the environment
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION
Psycho-Analytic Theory (Sigmund Freud) suggest that unconscious
forces act to determine personality and behavior. To Freud, the
unconscious is that part of the personality about which a person is
unaware
Behaviorist View (John B. Watson). The behavioral perspective suggest
that the keys to understanding developing are observable behavior and
outside stimuli in the environment. If we know the stimuli, we can
predict the behavior.
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION
Social-cognitive learning theorist Albert Bandura,
when we see the behavior of a model being
rewarded, we are likely to imitate that behavior.
Behavior is learned through observation and
imitation, not conditioning through reinforcement or
punishment.
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION
Cognitive Theory. The cognitive perspective
focuses on the processes that allow people to
know, understand and think about the world.
The cognitive perspective emphasizes how
people internally represent and think about
the world.
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION
Socio-cultural theory (Russian
psychologist Lev Vygotsky) proposes
that a full understanding of
development is impossible without
taking into account the culture in
which children develop.
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION
Ecological Theory. The Ecological model, the
major proponent of which is Urie
Bronfenbrenner, seeks to explain individual
knowledge, development, and competencies in
terms of the guidance, support, and structure
provided by society and to explain social
change over time in terms of the cumulative
effect of individual choices (Berger, 2000).
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION
Humanism Theory. The humanistic
perspective contends that people
have a natural tendency to make
decisions about their lives and
control behavior.
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION
Evolutionary Theory. The Evolutionary Theory
stresses that behavior is strongly influenced
by biology, is tied to evolution, and is
characterized by critical or sensitive periods
(Santrock, 1999)
ETHICS AND MORAL EDUCATION
A. Ethics – comes from the Greek
word ethos, meaning character or
custom.
ETHICS AND MORAL EDUCATION
B. Morality
The term morality can be used either:
1. Descriptively to refer to a code of conduct put forward by a society and
that it is used as a guide to behavior by the members of that society.
2. Normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions,
would be put forward by alL rational persons for governing the behavior of all
moral agents.
Morality affects our daily choices, and those decisions are
guided by our conscience. The purpose of morality is to
provide a frame work of optimum human survival. The
standard of morality, however, is absolute and immutable
– long-term optimum human survival.
SUMMARY
SELF DEVELOPMENT
VALUES EDUCATION
FORCES THAT SHAPES CONTEMPORARY
VALUES
THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION ETHICS
MORAL EDUCATION
MORALITY AND OUR CONSCIENCE
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
