ASTRONOMY RELEVANT TO ASTROLOGY (A R T A)

TOPIC – 1 INTRODUCTION.

Aayuh karma cha vittam cha vidyaa nidhanam yeva cha

Pancha yetaani api srujyante garbhasya yeva dehinah

Yathaa Dhenuh sahusreshu vatso vindati maataram

Tathaa poorva krutam karmum kartaara manu vindati.

Poorva janma arjitam karma shubham vaa yadi ashubham

Tasya pakti grahaat sarve soochayanti iha janmani.

Poorva janma krutam paapam vyaadhi roopena jaayate

Tut shaanti oushadhi daane japa homa archana aadibhihih.

ASTROLOGY IS THE SCIENCE OF HEAVEN IN RELATION TO ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN

BEINGS.

Rug Veda, Yajur veda, Saama veda, Atharva Veda, - 4 vedas.

Shiksha (phonetics), Kalpa (rituals), Vyakarana (grammar), Jyotishya (astronomy),
Nirukta (etymology) and Chhandas (metrics).
Puraana, Mimaamsa, Nyaya Shastra, Dharma Shastra.
Total 14 Shastra Vidyas.

Shiksha - Nose=smell - Deals with the understanding of the Vedic Varnas, Swaras
and Mantras. This is an exploration of the techniques of correct pronounciation.

Chhandas - Legs - deals with the appropriate lyrical expression of the Vedic Sutras.

Kalpa - hand - deals with the understanding of Sutras and the use of Mantras ,
concerned with ritual aspects of the Vedas.

Jyotisha - eyes

Nirukta ( explanation)– Ears. Explains the difficult words or padas or mantras.

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Vyakarana – grammatical aspects of the language.

Jyotisha - Siddhaanta, Samhita, Hora - 3 skandas.

One who learns the above 3 branches is called as TRISKANDAGNYA.
(ತ್ರಿಸ್ಕಂದಜ್ಞನ ಂದು ಹ ಸ್ರು)

Yathaa shikhaa mayuraanaam naagaanaam manayo yathaa

Tatvat vedaanga shaastranaam jyotisham moordhani sthitham.

Just like a crown on a peacock’s head and a gem on a snake’s hood, among the
six shastras of Vedanga – Jyotisha is the crown.

• Historical Background

The VEDAs are more than 10,000 years old. They are one of the earliest literature
available to mankind. Around 1200 BC Maharshi LAGADHA wrote a book ‘VEDANGA
JYOTISHA’ , which is not available in its original form.

As told earlier
Siddantha Samhita Hora are the three Skandas.
Jataka, Gola, Nimitta, Prashna, Muhurta, Ganita are the SHADANGAS.

Siddantha -- Ganita & Gola - deals with Mathematical aspects of Jyotisha

Samhita -- areas like weather forecasts, agricultural produce, natural and man-
made calamities like Flood, cyclone, war, famines, political events, life of the masses

Hora - Jataka, Prashna, Muhurta . Nimitta is Shakuna or omens.

The Five important Siddhantas are Brahma or Pitaamahaa Siddantha, Soorya

Siddantha, Vasishta Siddhanta, Poulastya Siddhanta and Lomasha Siddhanta.
Maharshi Varahamihira took the important points from these Five and wrote the
PANCHA SIDDHANTIKA which is used even today. For finer clarifications even Soorya
Siddhanta is referred.

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Ancient Astronomical Scholars.

 4000 BC - Chinese studied eclipses.

 2500 BC - Mesopotamia
 950 BC - Babylonia & Sumeria
 500 BC - Egyptian - Pythogarus
 400 BC - Greek – Aristotle

WESTERN SCHOLARS / ASTRONOMERS

PERIOD NAME DETAILS

85 - 185 Cladius Ptolemy Greek Astronomer, Mathematician
1478 - 1543 Nicholas Copernicus Astronomer
1521 -1680 Jhon Kepler Kepler’s Laws
1642 - 1709 Issac Newton Gravitation
1656 - 1742 Edmund Haley Comet
1621 -1788 William Herschel Uranus planet

Period Name Name of the work Details

10000 BC APOURUSHEYA VEDAS, Everything human
beings experience.
1200 BC Lagadha Vedanga Jyotisha Movement of
Planets and their
effects.
1st Century Maharshi Bruhat Parashara Jyotisha.
Parashara Hora Shastra
476 AD Aryabhata – 1 Aryabhateeyam Eclipses,
505 AD Varaha mihira Pancha Siddhantika Astronomy,
Bruhat Jataka, Phala Jyotisha
Bruhat Samhita
600 AD Kalyana Verma Saraavali Jyotisha
600 AD Bhaskara - I Laghu Bhaaskariya Mathematics and
Maha Bhaaskariya Astronomy
Aryabhateeya
Bhashya
600 AD Kalyana Verma Saaraavali
1114 – 1185 AD Bhaskara – II Siddantha Astronomy
Shiromani
1425 – 1471 AD Vaidyanatha Jataka Parijaata Jyotisha

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 1500 Vaidyanatha Dixit Jataka Parijata
1600 AD Mantreshwara Phala Deepika Jyotisha
1600 AD Venkatesha Sharma Sarvartha
Chintaamani
1522 – 1600 AD Rama Daivajna Muhurta Chintamani Jyotisha, Muhurtha
1600 Neelakanta Taajika paddati
1700 AD Kaalidasa Uttara Kaalaamruta Phala Jyotisha

MODERN SCHOLARS.
Sri. B Suryanarayana Rao, Dr. B V Raman (Founder ICAS), Sri. K N Rao,
Sri. C S Patel, Sri. Bipin Behari, Sri. P S Shastri, Sri. Santhanam. Sri. J N Bhasin
and many more.

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SOLAR SYSTEM.

Milky way is one of the many Galaxy in the Universe. It is referred as SOURA VYUHA
in our Jyotisha.

The Solar system consists of Stars, Planets and Satellites. (Nakshatra, Graha,
Upagraha)

Stars are Self-Luminous bodies which radiate light and heat. Sun is also a star. A
group of Stars is called constellation.

Planets – Other than the stars, Sun and Moon there are other heavenly bodies which
are visible to the Naked eye and moving around the Sun. As their motion is different
for each planet they are called PLANETS or MOVING STARS. Fixed stars twinkle
while planets shine with steady light. The planets which can be seen by naked eye are
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus and Neptune can be seen through
Telescopes.
In Jyotisha even Sun and Moon are considered as Planets and thus we have 7 planets
and 2 mathematical points thus making a total of NINE PLANETS.

Satellites - The Heavenly bodies which move around the planets and in turn move
around the Sun along with the planets are termed satellites. They are also called
Moon of the particular planet.

Our Solar system is centered round the Sun and all other planets are moving in
elliptical orbit around the Sun. There are 8 planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. We are living on Earth. With the Invention of
telescope several other Large and Small planets are seen or identified

The names of the Planets in their order of distance from Sun are

Mercury
Venus INNER PLANETS or INFERIOR PLANETS
(EARTH)

Mars OUTER PLANETS or

Asteroids SUPERIOR PLANETS.
Jupiter
Saturn
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 Uranus (Herschel)
Neptune
The Planets whose orbits are between Sun and the orbit of Earth are called INNER or
INTERIOR PLANETS. - Mercury & Venus.
The Planets whose orbits are outside the orbit of Earth are called OUTER or SUPERIOR
PLANETS - Mars, Asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune.

Mean distance from Sun

Sidereal Mean Mean daily
Period Synodic motion
Astronomical
(Days) Period (d m s) Miles
Unit
Moon 27.3216 29.531 13-10-35 0.00257
Mercury 87.9692 115.878 04-05-32 0.38710 36000000
Venus 224.70080 583.921 01-36-07 0.72333 67200000
Earth 365.25636 ----------- 00-59-08 1.00000 93000000
Mars 686.9798 770.936 00-31-26 1.52369 141600000
(1.9 yrs)
Jupiter 4332.589 398.84 00-04-59 5.20280 483600000
(11.80 yrs)
Saturn 10759.23 378.092 0-02-01 9.53884 886700000
(29.46 yrs)
Rahu 693.470 340.620 ------- ------ -----
(18.60 yrs)

EARTH –

Earth is the 3rd planet in order of the distance from Sun. The orbit of the Earth is not a
perfect circle but an ecliptical one. Sun is at one of its foci.

The Minimum distance - when earth is nearer to the Sun – PERIHELION

Is 91,400.000 miles.
The Maximum distance – when earth is farthest to Sun - APHELION
Is 94.600,000 miles.
Its MASS is about 6 X 10 (21 times). Consists of 77.6 % Nitrogen and 20.70 % Oxygen.
Earth is not a perfect sphere but an oblate spheroid.
Its diameter is 7926 miles at the Equator and 7900 miles across the poles.
Earth completes its one revolution around the Sun in 365 ¼ days.
The Earth is rotating around its axis from West to East and it causes the formation of
day and night. The rotating axis of the Earth is perpendicular to its Equator.

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