ont T— oO ELEMENTARY ComBINATORICS Basics of counting s- Basic vules of counting are Ewo kypes Ttheg ave ) Sam Role ily proctuck rule — TF an event can be performed th 5 Stare Rule 3 Sm) Ways and anothey event can be pey formed f'n’ wags and TF these Ewe events ceonnot be performed simultaneousk then one of Hie tro evenkk can be Wd: performed in mtn Waep = =) ata ty Hay Ex: If there ave I+ bom (x gfyls in a class, find and of selecking one strdenk os 6 th number of ways ceclection of one skudenk etthey of He following Sef: Fer woe Less % b be pey formed y seleckeng a bey nmeng lt key er iy, selecting & givk among I> 9hrls the Fevsk of these can be Rey Formed th M4 wap anel , wm Ral Second ade ey as Rae “he nevek Ways of felecling a stecenk ie qa t2 = 26 Ways. ex If = Library has w books of mathematics , (© bocks of phypies , 1c bocws of chemistry Wl books of English - find the ne of books of choosing one of The above books Set Novef ways = It 1OFIC+M = Ga ways. Scanned with CamScannerpro duck Rule t- Th an evenk ean be performed ih ‘mi wey and a Second event can be performed tin ‘nw ways % and i tke nook Ways the second event peytorm cor be depend spon the pevform of the ftvek event, them the Fe ta eee et ev tome! stmultancously th “nn ways QQ) i Ex: A peysen has 3 shivts and 5 Hes then find the ne: oF Ways ef choosing & shtyE and He. Sel» Novof ways 2 3x5 = 1S Wey: Ex cthyee pevsens enter nly cay, theve theyve ave 5 seals Tr How many Ways can they bake WP they Seah 3 Gels The tsk person hab a Choice of 5 Seals He can stk th ang one of Whose & Senate , So theve ave Sway of cccupying the Sivek seat. the Second Similarly the thiyd Person hata choice of 3’ seats. person hat a Choice of H Seale cthe tokal Mov of Woy = Sx4xsr 66 tap, E sheve ave 20 mavvied Cobples th a party Find No.of m way cf choosing one Women and ene man from the pasty Sreh that kwe ave het marvted te each olkey gd, Wlemen Carn be Cheosen th 20 Wasy One man ts hey ee husband» So ene choosen fh 11 Ways man can be Nevof clays = 2eXIT = BBO wars Scanned with CamScannerpermutations and Combinations : Factorial Nokabion t- The proctach of ftyst'n’ natteral numbers 1, Pyro Lm” 16 clenoted by nl and feis yead aS factevial ‘Wy (oy) » factovial. thos ne = nCne Ona) -- 25 Bete Gl = YXBE2KI = 2G, 5) = SKUX3xX2x! = I26- Ex; wind “WH i (nt) Yo wxtH-y! (nt) = ya%x mr! (nay nCnv 1 = lax Mest (nen = 12 9 we n-12 26 3 (94+4)(N-3) = 0 » ned Cw ne 4 Deve n= -\& is nok defined ee ee a \8\ eA 20l _ aexiaxi®! = 386. Hl ee be OR = ist 121 fe ol =l Net. TE nee then nhl rE ne Yen nh = no)! pevenubalions :- An ovclened Seelechon (x) avrange— enti of a qtven Sek of objects Faken some oy alll L ther ak a beme fs called a permubalton of the | ° objects | Rng arvangements of “¥ objects trem a Sek of 4 d 2 “rh objects & Called Y= peymutabion of ‘ni objects Eaten “Vo ak a bime and Te fs clenoted hey pony) (ev py: n\ Py = Scanned with CamScannerNote: The numbey ef permutations of we asstinch aie | Laken ‘vi ak abtme wilkent vepitrdion is | pinyy) = Car ONW BD oe nee (n-y¥41)- proof: the Ye- of peymukations of “n’ dtstinch object yak a Etme fs Squtvelent fe Filling ‘vy’ post tons with Ww’ ebjeck . the fist place con ke filled thn ways % any ene of the given objects can be pub th ie. aktey filleng the first place i» ang one of the n° tangs te Second place Con be Filled wp by ang one of the Yemaining (n-1) objects. atheye ave (n-1) wags of Felling the Second place thus, te Srvsk two places cam be Frlled Up fh nx-1) ways cmilarly Breve vemeins (2) Hangs te fall up Hie thd place. “thes, he frvst Five places can be filled in nin (n=) Wg proceeding tm the Same Hoy theye remains nea) = Myth way te Fill up the yt place. Thus | Whe ner of ways in Which ‘place Can be filled up te | Ney = pir = nln-y) \-2) ----) = Gey): impor tank vesul& i eS nl 1. pln vy) = PPR = (a! 2. P(nIND = NP, = on! poh? & MR 7 Pn zs. phn = we ol el- Scanned with CamScannerCombinaHionsi= An ovdeved Selecken of a given @ sek of object® Lawen some evall ef them at a time & called a combination. Ths ang eydeved SelecHon of ¥ objects from & sek of “w' objects fs Called an ve Com— binabions oF “yl ebjecl® and ib iS dencted by eC (h,r) en) Ney: Note: The ne ef all cembinations of ‘n’ dtstinch object taken Yo aba ime i given by Mey = nt @-n ty pro Leb ¢ln vy) be the yequived no. of corn bin ation of diffevent objects Faken 'y) ak a time: sthen each of Wrese Combinations fs a qrotp of We at ffevent objects which can be arranged 7 them Selves fh oy} ways: Se all the c Cn) combinations will produced yl eCny) peymu bation of W objeclg Laken eae Bot Rts num bey also equal t pln yy) ‘ Le = POO ne : (™m-y)! aa me tea > = re (ny) = Ney + po” ' \ (mn vhy bh incl’ Co bo fet Dm'povtank vesull :— 1 eCnjo (= Me = V 2 ein =e, =I 3. ¢th,y) = ¢Cn, n=) we Mey = MQ we eC attr) = <(n,¥-1) + ¢Cn,y) Scanned with CamScannerEx: Wen mang diff. styings of length 4 can be formed using the LeWeys of He word "Flower ” solr Gtven Word is FLoWER™ No.of Lelleve = C- All ave destinck Req Wor of skyings is pcouy = St 2 GE 2 GxSMERIEE Lage, (4)! 2 2) permubations of Lelheys of the word Ex! Find the nes of “computeR be orvanged 7 sd: Given word (s CompuTeR” i= Ne of leleys = 8, AN ave distinct Neo-ef peymutakions = 81 = Go320 wap, Bx: Hen) many Fouy aigik numbevs ave there with elestinck - agi ls 2 Selr the Foal No: of evvangemenls of Ten diails Ca re Taning “Woak a time is pCio,4) But these numbers alse Include these numbeys which has ‘o at fhe entveme Left C thousand’ place ) Suck numbers are nok fouy digztt numbeve Keeping ‘oat the extveme left, 3 placed Can be filled up with te yemaining “47 ater th p@,3) ways Hence the bobal No-ef fouy Aigik numbev = prog) — PCa.3) wel seer Ge-w! (a-9 = Soyo- soy = “S36 y. Scanned with CamScannerSet higpe Tie aces sp ong aah | yy En he many wags can they Stk th aves 1 Row mang sitting avrensements ave Weve with ne two gurls sitting together 1 jy Hows mang arrangements then all the givls never tigelly wy How mang ways all He girls sik fogelie, and all He Boys sik tegethe 2 stk tegethey and He girls do not si€ tegethey 2 In hows mang than can sib in avo i¢ Me boys ave te sci y Tokal No oF student = 8 CS+3)° No of way = el = Yosro Way ty The five berys con be sected th a vos = 7(5,5)= 5) Tn each of these arrangements place are created foy the qivls ab given belts Ge qeqeqeageg So ‘3’ gisls can Sik in 6 places fn pC, 3) Ways sothat ho two ols are te sit togeltey - Hence the total No of sitting avvangemenk = S!xXpG,3) = 51x Gxsx4 = 14400 iN) 5 boys can be avvanged among themselves fh 5) ways They can be considered a8 2-UntE and Can be arranged im 2haegs the kobal No of Seating arvengements « 24 x5)x3) = 14 Yo: , ity cthe Lobel hee of Ways when all the givls ave never | | th J 3 atyls can be arranged among themselves fn al ways. Total No-of arrangements witlyouk ang vestrichen| tegethey = _ Tekel Nook arvengements in ustich all the airls koether Scanned with CamScanner= Bl— 61x31 = 3bece Wy The boy cons! a Ee eet fn 3 way stprce bows have te sik together Ihey can be constdered as one Urls shen there ‘0° oy Vor ts oy 3) girls have fe sit te the Left of boys ont E Buk ‘o) and 3) caber ave te be ommi tted ob the otrls do nok stk together - Hence yequived nor of avvangement® 2 ay eoly 3h = (Go: permutation with veptlon 5 Nee TE vepebition f& cllowed Ren the novef permuta Gens ok 7 objects From a sek of 9 objects _ | athere ave W Wa4s ts select te Ftvsk ebjeck- Attey we have Selected the fexsk object. theve ave nays b gelece the Second objec We cenkinue Selecting objech untill we have selected all ‘Y' ‘object - By the produck yale these selechions Can be made In ne VX nvr xn = n Heys ex. considey the 6 distbs number 2,3,4,5,6 and S and ¥ pri tions of Aigite ave allewed a) Wen Many 4 digit numbers Can be Symon 2 by Hen many a degik humbeys musk contain the cisit's a er ne Argi& numbers We have te fill ap three placed + since wepthi ions of the Atgtk fs allewed , each of the placc® can be filled up fh 6 ways. Hence the yequived 3- dott number = 6x6xe = G2 = ME. | Scanned with CamScanneri) Excluding the oigtE & the noe of 3 deget numbers © that can be Sovmed Svom the vemaining & digtl 2,3,4 ay 2 G and & WS SSE STS yas \yence the nbembey musk contain the dtegiG total 3 argik number — the nove 2 dzgik number that co nok contain & eG eo en note: the ner of permutations of n ebjecls th which “P ghject? of ene bype, y objects ave of Second tgpe, vy objects are of third Egpe and west ave all destincl =, ot rr vir ow Mang different words Can be Sermed with the Letters of the wor pe alte e) Uprsote ST PRT” ithel tiowsa| Sol: the i sew lis | Ts 4 Jetteys , p= 2 letters. 1 ence, the keokal hes oF words = WE = 24660 ayeq 2} — = meng seven leltey Words can be formed using the Litters of the word BENZENE” cd: ened Letters to the word = 7 Se a letters et letteys ence th tobal We. of Words = TL = = 3,2) Ex: Hons mang yedigte numbers ton be formed by using the Atat & ayy biG when ve pth Lions of ctegtts i allocsed ? eA No ef At = 4 = filling nels place = 4. Ne of Way of Scanned with CamScannerNorof Wary of lang Een's place Nore way ef ailleng Hundreds place = 4 Moet wage of Fclltng teutand t place = 4 sthe kokel Now of yedegiEs numbeve =4x4xGguG = tS. How Meng podigits even numbeys can be formed by using The etegtts 1344, 6.8 when vepitt Hont ef oegr& fs allesed ee ee a. Lie edd numbey ee ways of tilling unit place =3 ne ef ways of gelleng Ten's place = & obel No: of two Atgits even numbervs= 3x5 = 15 cx: find the no: oF words that can be fevmed by Using the Letteys ep Phe - Wert MATHEMATICS” rat start g wet ab end with 1 a tee tee weve = MW ae me 2 letters , az 2 leltevs | T= 2 letteys the no of Werds that begin with T and enc with T ts = oh Be 2 aetze Le Here f ommn Hed eet Ex. ten mang Four tigik numbers Cen be formed using the Argi hk 0, 42,345 Ft vegret tions of ieee et one allowed wy vepi bi tions of Aegrti is allowed sds) Ln a four ci git number “o' cannot appear the frouganas places So tReusands place can be filled in sway: since vepititien 6f adr git® ts nob allowed Scanned with CamScanner, © at hundved's place, So hundyved & “oy can be Used place can be Silled fh & hays nets any one of the vemaining four cligile canbe used wow en's place , Se, ten' place can be filled t wmys amety place can be filled from We vematntng tevee in 3 Wes the vequtved four Argit numbers = SXSKYKR = BOC- iy) Fev a four adegik Rumbey ure have ts Fill 4p Sour cannok =Ppesy in He tkousand’s place places and ‘oe! can be Filled fm S Wags: co tkeusand’s place Lions of drab fs alloweel Seach of the since vepi hundreds , tend and one's three places & wags - fou digit numbers yemart ning ean be filled tke vequtrved Hence = SKEKEKE = LOGO problems 0? com binatiens i— Re aan Noe cx, compre the no-of Sub committies of three members @ ech thet can be deormed “trem a |‘ Committe of 2s vaern beys 7 Beetroot cet committees of three people each SA = ts equal & the numbey of Selection of Hiree members Aororn 25 ™embeys laince the vequived nambey of Sub Commi th ees = €(aS,3) = %5e _ xs 3 2g. 24. 23-224 S24 RR tL 2 a s00- aA 3-24) Scanned with CamScannerReet SERRE EEE CERES eee EEE OPEC EEE eee Ex: Gry hou a Commeller of 6G members can be felecled fram Go men and 6 blemen consislir 4 of men and 2 blehen oul of Goran car be Selectes tn gel: “thyee men (Gye) way: bb tinmen Carn be Selecked th €(5,2) bmn two women ont of Hence — the yequtyed number ts GHSYG y SFU aN 2) Gia) x CCF) = athe question papey of mathematics conkeins Ewe = questions clivided thle two gvoups of five qyrestions cach. Bn ho meng Ways Can an examine answey Sit questions Eaking akleask EWo questions From each grey) get: “the examine Cah ansey questions trom two groups th following Say yk From fivst group and 4 from the Second group iy 3 trom Arysk group and 3 Frem the Secend group iiy 4 From dirsk group ond 2 trem the Second group tls tthe ne of ways oft Selecting the €question fm ci? = 05,2) (CC 54) = 54 Fey = lOxS = So no of ways of selecking the questions ft CD = els 3) 60,3) = 1exlo = 100 oe op of selecting the questions th GID eof we ee Guy C512) = FEO E FO there Fore, the Yequtred nov of ways = SO+4 loot FO = doo Woy. "Scanned with CamScannerGeb them Ledtet and 93" a@ Amen hat 1 Yelakives ave Ladses EX: gentlemen bts wife Kab hy vatelleves ,-a oF them and 4 gentlemen «Th het! many weys can they inurle a Ataney party of 3 ladtes and 2 gentlemen so that there ave a of men's * ates’ and 3 of Wife relatives 7 sot stheg cen inuile y’ pessible tags ~ a get 1) B hadtes Svem hushand’s Side amd 4 Grom wide’ side Norof Ways = cD x 6 G2) = 4Go* 4c, = 16 4B ents vem husband's side and ‘3 ladzes Seem wifes wy Baer gicte , Norek Heys = c G3) x ¢@) = 3 dadies ond 1 gent Ayem husband's Sicle and one wy Es ~ re ite’ Siele lady and * get from site's (amp > Je Go * eGre teGi* [email protected])} neve — ' = 324: lady and GR gents from husbandlc side and vy ome te cares and ent gent frem wifels Stele edt es f yp = bee aay x Ca dpx fe C32) * C4) } of oe way athe betel leo of Ways = Lott 32% thee = FSS combine ions with ve pitt Hen t— athe number of wnorelerrec| choices of fem nh’ oe ts ellewed oS © (nav-t, ¥) (ems — Scanned with CamScannerEx! Considey the sek Jab,ca y +n how many Ways we can Selected Fwo of these Lelleye chen vepi tidion is alloweed and vepitition fc allowed there Sof: Th oy elev matters ove ot = 1G possible selechtons and they ave an ba ca da ab bb ch db ac be ee ae ad bd ed aa TE ordey does nok matey bak rept ti Lens ave llewed theve ave 10 pov bid: bres and Urey ave aa bb ce dad a. ab ex: Tn hew meng “op cam 12 ballens be dc stributed among to chilelren 7 nk a Btrtrday party st: this fs uneretered Selection wits repr tt tron Beye Hale and oye Ih rm the number of selecHion Te ance the ¢ (21,12) = ¢(21,9) cCinsto 1,\2) = that every child geti at Leash one th we want fe ensure ballen , We must give a ballon le each child, then Aatstyt bute the Yemaining Ewo ballns tkhich Can be aone tm C (tot 2-4/2) = CCU,2) = Sb Mags. ex: A fees cr hens, 2 pigs, and 4 cows From a i x hel © ere 1G Elo and § Cols + HOW many man bho NO” a belces does the — - F Cheict sat. ered oo casas he hens th CE O13) Ways = A cows. 2 wy, pigs te CC oir) WSS, hers th cCS,4) Ways Scanned with CamScannerHence tke yequered Nambey of Wags are @) oC G3) ¥ C512) ¥ (814) 61S LS Be VG Se x Fe 7 = Sty * PS 4 Berl BV Gare = tox tox 10 = 14,000 Ways ag there ave (2 persons in a party and if each two Ex: of trem shake hands wit each other» how many hand shakes} happen, te the Par ty? Set hen Ewe persons Shake hands + MH fs counted as one hand shack , nok EWeo- athe total nie of handshakes fs He Seme ob hor of of selecteng % peysons From among |? persons wap a ite sl IRRN = 66. ea 2x1 Bx: eonstaey m pact of cards = How mang 5-card hands consist only of Hearts 7 yy to = oO ands Consist of ¢ Ha. snl. i Hew mong g- card han ‘on ards From a single suck 7 gets owe OF bokal $2 Cards We have 13 hearls = inte there ave '3 hearts te choo se from , each Shch i hana & % 5 - Combination of 13 objecty Pictoee is} = IBMIEKNRIOKD 2 13x HKG = tT ‘ 5! Sx 4x 3K2¥1 out of cach + gusts, spaces, hearts, dramonds ov clubs | ove 51 0(13)5) cards th hand theyre lence there ave @ Fokal ef q- €C'3,5) Such hands. | find the namber of anovdered Samples of size five Ex: Crepe kt trons allesed ) fyem the set fay b,c, 4, es} ay No further vestrictions by a occurs ab Leask twice | gy a eceurs exactly twice Scanned with CamScannerSof: a) Weve nb, TSS So, the vequtved member CC 645-1,5) = Ello) = WESXEXINE = asa SHAK BY?) by stnce ‘a’ eccuys at Leask twice we have le find the number ef unordered Samples of stze 3 From 6- Clement selz< So the “equtred number |S cCb43et, 2) = Cle2) = RUE = 56 22x! eg) stnce ‘a! occurs exactly twice we have bh find the number of unordered Somples of stze 3 From 5- elecre nk Sela 0 the required number fs oC 543-1,3) = © G12) = THEXS 2 35. xox! EA! Mell many Hays ove theve te place 20 fden tical balls wig 6) antterent bases which exactly 2 bexes are eingly ee ae of theosing + boxes te be empty ol pov er Grex: ts ¢ (6,22. plow firek place one ball th each of tre Temotning 4 oes then le count the number 6F wags ef arstyrbuktng (6 identteal balls inle 4% boxes with wept kt Hons. athis can be done th co Cle + 4 -1,'@) =e €G9,0) = 5 0937 \eence ‘the vequired number of Ways Scie) eC Cle) 2 sx 369 “ess: Scanned with CamScannermined problems on Permutations and Combinakions @ Sell temsonants and 4 vowels, hoa mang words of 3 consonants and > vewels can be formed ? te ont of J and 2 Volels ont of Y Sol: athree Conconan can be cheesen ip 6 G3) ¥ 6 GD Nags ence Reve 9v% co Gia) & C&D qrenps each con teaming 3 consonants and > vewels + ch | 3YOUP conkains & letters , which ean be ead since e fm 5! way arranged amend themselves 1? ys f words = cG.ax (4.2) x8} So the Yeast yeq nore = Te,¥ 4 oe! 443 KEKUKEKLEE! = 25206. Ax exe « 2xI Laie exaorl pind the num bey of Wags & Seat 5 boys tn a yew of to chatys 7 P eymulk akon a Sol: us wt athe problem sine ( differnt objects are 5 bays and J un fe be arrange (nebjects that ave of 6’ SHAS seecpted chavs: thud the MAmbey ef orvangemente f ¢ » 3 2 = Vex eter ie Pere 2 1ae 2 pie “ A KY aK 2] using combination s— Ree eee Ctve boys can be arranged in aves fh S!} ways. peskvt bule He 1 Uneceupied charys arbitrarily in bplaces shen Tebal Numbey of ways = six c(c4t-41) = S!* e271) yo} a —_— V42r 7 2 Scanned with CamScannera nM% oe wheve NZ YZ) ane chore That hey 1 PQ , wy ore natnyel number : ni ow 4 ond acoahe tr “ Viney! (n-vny LORD! cal nt 4 Gans (nev -! yore $7) | mb (meray they ny nConvat sy) el Sel leery be (nerd LCA osetia \ nye(net) 2 OY ei Misco ¥ Ty e-vau! (nar tv} e (mann) — Comer — Elman) = han Shew that c (manid) (men EOD Qmany! a a Cemanser ie} (eayhet Grentz! ayo momajerrol 2 nin 6n2! (eb e = fman) Cman-1) om tm a 2 yy mn em amn +R ort ai ony = ¥mn 2 my ae a o Concstieined Vepre Sentaltions :— pevmudobions: the numbevef permutations of nw atferent objects bares y' aba time ty ufich ‘im’ teulay © part jechh ave y Mevey included be pO n=m, 7) em be p (nem, vem). prim) rasp. tn cle cted whee NzZm, TZ Scanned with CamScanner————————— Ex: Hew many words 6& Four er the Lellews abcd, er Fig ome then Ultiers can be formed US nek GK be included y € ond ave i, ‘el and “Ff ave te be included Y) a. y We are given with Ei hk letters / a mie ave bake Four letters after Keer ing aside “2 eo and ‘fo are nek med vye4 , 8 © Heve EB, ; te be included then 3 _ wags = PON, fe vequered nor oF ye ~~ Corie tate Ba) ee ' le Now We Ave inkevested in included 2 ¢ ¥ ° wy laces of @ leleys Wordts- a places euk Of OP Soy 2 hy fee eee) aa pCn-m,v-™) pO%,m) athe eqere rpCes-2, ye) PCD rC6,2) PCG) = be 4h, Boe ways ex: Hon mang 6- sate numbers Can be feyvmed by Using the ator Gh eed eH, 5 OTE iF every umber EK Skave wile so? witty ime de git vepeated 7 Sel all the numbeys begin with 30 choese 4- tg from the vemaining So we have te ae digih athe Folal Number of hambers thak begin willy “30 i 1 S 7 = = a aAxG*¥SxGx3! ‘ " - — = S4e (a-4} 3) Scanned with CamScannerthe numbey ef Combinations of 2. combinations: ty object taken x ab a bime fn ishich “m' paki culay objects ave etwas wneleded & Crem, vem) Ways i, : J re eed eee iy ex: En hes Many ways a Foolball eleven con be chosen ee eas Five Included pavbiculay players ave fe be alwnys twe particulary playeys are fe be always excluded. five inteyested th Including sd: y Fiysk Wo are gaa br cular playevs , Thus aftey Selecting five we ave best with a players one of ishich we are celect mes, Y=" Yemai ning “¢ playeys Hee n=l, the vequived Nee begs = e (nem, x= ™) ~ cles Hes) = 60) a OK AKER 424 ways pd ei! gt el G2-etel Bee re eer eee aera ity We tote with ts playeys ok of which we are fe Select eleven which can be done. Neve nen, von a rC——“ fo) Se Cet WF Gs, ex, How mang dtffeyent selection of 6 books Can he ade Leon dAtffevent books Jif t wo pavki clay book ave talwoys Selected y Wo Twe ax ki cular beck ave nevey Selected iy if Scanned with CamScannerSol since Thre particular books ave Ahowgs Select Were one UW, Maa, ¥= Noref Requived bar (nem, rem) =e e( ner, & 2) 6 04,4) : - M RK IKE - tne Ney ” oe Grae 2K ft) stnce tic paykiculay books are nevay Selected . Weve Wet, MER, Vel No. of Required Ways = © (nem, v) cane WRK TKO HS KY = c(9,6) = Ve, : eXT 2 ay From lo progvammeys in Selected when ty A particulay G*OK GY EFIE) hott tnang ways can S be preqrammey included uD every ttme wWoA particulay programmer is nob Included at all cele ft) tle have be Selech 5 pyeqvemmers trem Me lo se the no ef ways selected them fh 'ce = as2- y when o particular pregvammey is Tacluded every bime then the requived nto ef ays eee ee - eC nemyy- 9) ne) CD en ax 8x 7XG ee ong 4 UX3% 2xt a par kituler PYegvammey is nok Ineladeq abalt vequived Novek Wags = CU nem ,¥) oC ww, &) ¢(4.89 i> Jee = = 126 Scanned with CamScannerBtnomial Coebbectentt t= the quantity Db wrillen as ¢ (nx) o(%) Wmevt rt fe known of Bnemial Coctbecen&. ‘the Sgmbel ¢ (nx) hay Ewe meanings ty Combinakorial meaning algebraic meaning 6 fn Whe Sevst cope Te vepvesenty Hie ne ef Woaps of choosing ‘yt objects from ‘n’ distinc obyects and th the Second case 6 Cnt) = Ex Ve THT 228 | axexie ene+(7 ~ 2 ae Gx3xrxl * we (n= (1) 9 eee Binomial Ttheoyem t— —_ao - Foy ohy veal number X.Y and ang Integer M20 yn ” acl n-2 2 ne¥ ys Wem (x44) eneg etre * gare, % yee t he ge 9 oun gece A Mey eT preed: mulkiplying eHk th Uf hand Side we gee (neq) = (x+y) ORY) ee - (x49) Con bimes ) ahis gives a sem of tevms, each of which is obbained by mullcplging fogethey one choice of “x? oy y’ from veck weeckel 24% OB chosen From exactly "> bracket ay then (x must be chosen from the vemaining (o>) by te. So the wll in | Deen _y acre o the ve selling erm wil be put thi cen be done in e(nrje, WSs eince © (ner) County the numbey of Wage of Selecting things trem “Wo items . Scanned with CamScannerEE Te TNA eg thus x7 % 4” appears C trix) times: & DL follows that a nen 2 Crepe seca MPs eC PGs con Gt Boca tere (orn) x 9 i - na 2 n ar 4 mee grog Goto 49nd - tau ltenomit al ae “ the expression to The form oy4%. if a a mulkinomial fan expression of lie form bine miel , wilh 723 m4 Gtr Fh My ave nen negattve thlegers TE, Ma, such that Wyeangt oe Me = Ren C (nym) mE is called a mbt this Coekkectent denokes the mulkinomial Coefbetent nembey of drstinguéshable arvvangementl of 1 object . - Scanned with CamScannertheovem % Multi nomtel post bive then no and ine gey Foy any manenemre BCT Salted ie per of non negalive aK the summation ts taren over all K- Luples integers (ny me ee PK) HEH Pha nytt enh. proof: when the Oy fae mull pled — + es ne a dypi cat produch evm ay Ay crt MK ce by the An choosing them #1 kerr Svom 71 of the fachyrs, of the factors and So 6n - fan fom OF term Corresponds fe ts Re seb the tqypt cal sek of 1 fachoy that ny of He factors ty other words on from the a Gun chi with tke property de meee, go fe 1M of them 9° te % and So on: ey the de font kon mu (Enemial numbers Mere ore ( : functions oF the Kind and Se thy : ” n n me yh KO mber of berms % ee the = pro duc ” : 7% = my Ne mK SO at BT «) ny me Me AR \o (Ky Att FG tS) 3 iy. ts L Cochbecient of = % Ha %GAS the = 12,600 - p(to5 aol) = 210 wate! Scanned with CamScannermeee 8) ( Wave (aby) & (Rtg) Cutty) (44) Cb bimes ) par bthat Wo Ue Coekherieal ef vat Ide have de chose ana rom tise feelers and aly! frown the vemaintng loav fachys. © (6,2) & OK as 2 2x) the coebhectent ef per what i the Coebbeetent of xyz? in Geeyre) 2 sels othe coehhectent fs the Some as hows many ways ene can chesse 4! efram three brackels a ty lene ad Lvecnele and a [7 from ‘x! breckels th Hie expansion: day veoCarry U2) - Cargr 2) (a Limes) ay athe Cotkfeutenk of X42 S ai = tsir0 ayelel of 2° th the expansion of ex px pre the coehbeden & ay Be jie} theover Sof : ey pes 7 yy wy JOY YK . tes) Gx) (prs (7) > py * y We wank wore 1C a ee Ger & y (12)y = HAS whe coopbectenk = (17) * Ca) = 1% ace 5 ; ex: Find the coekkectent of at Ped th Ba enpansion of (a-b+e-A) f becra ts 7 elbedienk of arb ¢ no . celts aie as Weed 2 fowseys of b and a’ 7 4 oad = 12600 i =o ay ches! ond! Syeins qyayen! ; a he weyeu! = Scanned with CamScannerExt ernd the coekbedent of we th (arbacy 9? 4 gets the Corhbe tent of ple i : by ovuy Bo ie : iene yo} 442 ft, Hie en pansi o te find the Cochbetenk of 4g fe tHe expansion oF = A2 @x-399 “i he overn 2 binemial ve oVern Sol: By Ve NOM 7 a ~ Y le) awry 34) teat es Co vay \2-¥ vw 2 wopiey 3) AG -& Up yeo wore ih In tis crpansion Ceebbectent of *Y 3 13 ! v= . Ve Does 22) 3 & 4 7 =) a 2 ona x lzx We 10 x94 = atx neice = 1946 { 3¥2%1 > te the erpansion of Ex und the Coekbe tent of Ager ta We ° ion of (n-4-2)* Sa By the mulkinoemieal \ Heeevem 4 cm ome rao" by ae) CP EP CP > nye 2 nye, Me), MD ‘ 2 a af 4 ) a ep ed *YF ‘a \ eve ye athe coeybertent of 4y2 S 4} S 2 2-0 = = 24 - yy ved i. eee eee AC tothe expansien o& (a4rb-30 42445) Scanned with CamScannerSot: Given @ ie 1h Qto2b -364 2445 my Me AS Me EC dame vc) “env eo © eve n= 2B, Ns=h, nye, Ms= 16m (2434245) = lb-12 = 1G 3 2 = : ae en (30 EY st. 2 B24, 22 5° = the coebbetenk of ore A Y 3 es | = ee x2 e383) 268 pysher ste) 3, e.2°5 _——— . tet 2 3 5 Toh 3 wee BERT E 2) % XG BE ARLE EK 3 et wey 2% 345k ar 6.3 4, 4 Ex: what is the Cochbetient of 2°G” (a4 y sot: 84 rs EX: shal (su He coekbeuenh of a7y! in @-y) "ENON BE ‘ 5 Ex: thak is the Ccockbeuent of wg th Gr-y Sol aq6eo . , re wane the Coeffectent oF yr in Qtyte 210 - . Lshak ts He cockbetent of wogta® th Coty zy” : as ro 4 what ts the coeltetent of xyz th (2x-gt24i)- Scanned with CamScannerprtnetple of Tyelusion- Exclusion t— hel Ay flay ee An be -frntle sets sto caleulete [art nr UA = Uo) Hie sizes of all pogible intevsecHons of sets From Jar ,Ae,-- An 5, add the yesulk ob bained by inter se ching an eed number of sels and then Subtrack He vesults obkatned by inberse ching an even number of sels, Tn genevel Javel = talelel- laced): Bx. How many integers th S= Li2,-++ 1000} ave devistble by ex they ‘Sov’ ‘5’ ov beth 2 gd: ek page Les is Atvistble by 3 f Dy = {nec fs devistble by 53 Noe [P3\ = \oce/, | = 333 \ps) = \_teee/s | = 70° jones = Lees} > (padea) = 1P2) + \Ps) — \Pan Ps) = 3az4 200-66 = 407. | ex efae= people Who Save papey OY bottles for yecge ling is and 14 save bottles Find the no-of people yaks y BOre beth Hy Save enlg papey Wy Save onty e belles y, bek p and & denote the Sets of people Savin x pey sa r J PoP Bey abetiles | le five ly yome nOpae) = nr) An(B) —n Cre) Scanned with CamScannerBony - aye V9 © ity me nC rio) = NM nCrap) = ao-i2 = 18 Wy m= HCBY) = nom) = HCrns) = Weir s 2. ext Ina Sample of loo logic chips , 22 have a defect Di, au have a defeck Pa, 30 have defeck D3, 1 have defect 0, cma ba, Bhah Dp PPa, Whave Ps #Ps , > have all 3° -Fing Ie nero ehtps having y ak least one detect iy ne defeck af lol = le tansl= 7 = Wane 2o Juenc|= {ei = 74 eee \el = BO Jansac) =3 y Ak Leask one defeck & AURUC Jausucl = yale eh tle Janel — \enct -\rnc|t Janene} ast et ee. - 57 ay Mo detect & J@ueee) _ = 3 —— jul = \oueee! = worst = NB y ) ave" | - Scanned with CamScanner