SAINSTEK: JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI December 2022

Vol 14 No 2
Publisher: AMSET IAIN Batusangkar and IAIN Batusangkar Press
ISSN: 2085-8019 (p)
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E-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 2580-278X (e)
pp : 103-111

Evaluation Study of Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) IND-1000 Pump

Model with Analysis of the Flow Rate of Crude Oil in Production Well

Isnani Agriandita1*, Abdul Kamid1, Reza Luthfi Atha Wijaya1

1
Program Studi D-3 Teknik Perminyakan, Institut Teknologi Petroleum Balongan, Indonesia
Jl. Soekarno Hatta Pekandangan, Indramayu, West Java
*Email:[email protected]

Article History Abstract

Received: 10 October 2022 ESP is an artificial lift with the principle of a centrifugal pump,
Reviewed: 16 December 2022 where the production fluid that enters through the intake will be
Accepted: 30 December 2022 thrown by the impeller into the diffuser which will then be directed
Published: 30 December 2022 to the impeller above it so that this process repeats until the
production fluid reaches the surface. The longer the production well
Key Words is produced, the smaller or weakened the Pwf pressure will be,
Well production rate; Pump therefore an evaluation is needed in order to produce optimal
Intake Pressure; Total production. The data needed include: well production rate (Qo),
Dynamic Head; Vogel well flow pressure (Pwf), Pump Intake Pressure (PIP), Total
methods; Range Capacity. Dynamic Head (TDH), Pump type, namely IND-1000 pump,
Number of stages, Type of motor, HP motor, motor voltage,
Electric current, OD motor, Total voltage, and Total starting
voltage. The evaluation methodology used is to determine the
optimum production rate through IPR calculations using the vogel
method, Pump Intake Pressure (PIP), Total Dynamic Head (TDH),
number of stages, and horse power (HHP). From the results of this
evaluation, the optimal production rate (Qopt) value was obtained,
which was 988.552 BPD. This optimal production rate value is still
included in the capacity range, which is between 600-1260 BFPD.
Because the optimal production rate is still within the range
capacity, this production well does not require a new pump
replacement.

INTRODUCTION not been reproduced because it has reached its

Each production well to be produced is maximum production limit.
expected to flow naturally under the surface, but In making undersurface fluid flow above
the longer the production well is produced the the surface or optimize the production rate, a tool
smaller the bottom flow pressure (Pwf) will be. is needed, and the tool used is an Electric
Pwf is the bottom flow pressure of a well that is Submersible Pump (ESP) pump. ESP pumps are
closely related to the rate of production flow in very suitable for use in offshore wells. The next
the well. If the flow rate of fluid production is in reason is to facilitate scale countermeasures, the
the maximum condition then the Pwf value will Gas Oil Ratio is low and the viscosity of the well
be at the point of 0 psi (Ahuluheluw et al., 2020). is high, it is one of the reasons why an ESP pump
This can be interpreted to mean that the well has tool was chosen, then the next reason is that the
wells that want to be optimized for production

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rates have problems with their paraffins so that the well and left submerged in the well fluid. The
they are suitable to use ESP pumps, The last ESP motor is in the lowest position so that during
reason for the consideration of choosing an ESP operation they will cool the engine by a stream
pump is because the optimized well has an of fluid from the well passing through the outer
oblique or vertical shape. surface of the motor. The motor is connected to
The way to optimize the production rate is a shield that plays an important role in
to find the IPR first, after already knowing the maintaining the safety of the motor against leaks
IPR, the next step is to optimize it to determine and the ingress of well fluid into the motor
the size of the ESP pump, determine the stage of during operation or when not running. At the top
the pump at the stage of determining the pump of the protective plate, a pump inlet or air
stage, determine the Vertical Lift (HD), Fluid separator is installed to allow fluid from the well
Over Pump (FOP), Friction Head (HF), and to enter the pump and at the same time remove
finally determine the Tubing Head (HT). part of the volume of dissolved gas in the
production fluid (Jayanti et al., 2015). The
Electric Submersible Pump principle of operation of ESP is to use
ESP is a centrifugal pump with multistage centrifugal force, where the production fluid
(many levels) of which each level of this electric entering through the inlet will be discharged
gymnastics pump consists of a moving part through the impeller to the diffuser which will be
(impeller) and a stationary part (diffuser). A directed to the upper impeller for this process to
simple scheme of the ESP device is shown in repeat again until the liquid is produced to the
Figure 1, where the ESP device is inserted into surface.

Figure 1. ESP component (Takacs, 2007)

The criteria for a suitable production well are (1) For production wells or injection wells in
to be installed ESP pump are (Sugiharto, 2012) water flood projects; (2) Very suitable for

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coastal discharged wells; (3) Production fluid The calculation of the petroleum production rate
with low sand content; (4) To make it easier to uses the Vogel method because the type of fluid
overcome scale; (5) For pumping large amounts is a two-phase fluid.
of liquid; (6) Low Gas Oil Ratio and High
Viscosity; (7) For wells that have paraffin Number of Stage Pumps
problems; (8) For inclined or vertical wells. The basis for calculating the
determination of the pump stage is the price of
Productivity Index (PI) the Total Dynamic Head (TDH), which is the
Productivity Index is an index used to total pressure at which the pump works, which is
express the ability of a formation to produce at a expressed as the head or height of the liquid
certain pressure difference (Pranondo et al., column (ft) (Nataliana et al., 2018; Sari et al.,
2020) or is a comparison between the production 2016; Wahono et al., 2015). The steps for the
rate produced by the productive formation at the basic calculations begin with determine Number
drawdown which is the difference in the bottom of pump stages (SN) as describe in equation (3).
pressure of the well during the state condition The next step is to get Total Dynamic Head
and when the flow occurs. (TDH) (equation (4)). Then
TDH
Productivity Index (PI) can be determined SN = (3)
HSP
in equation (1). TDH = HD + HF + HT (4)
𝑄
PI = J = STB / day / Psi (1) SGf = ( (1 − WC ) SGo + WC X SGw) (5)
Ps − Pwf
Q is the flow rate of petroleum production or 𝐺𝑓 = 𝑆𝐺𝑓 𝑋 0,433 ( 𝑃𝑆𝑖 / 𝐹𝑡 ) (6)
commonly referred to as the production rate in Pump Intake Pressure (PIP)
Barrel Per Day (BPD).
PIP = Pwf − (Depth Differences x Gf (7)
Depth Difference
Inflow Performance Relationship ( IPR ) Depth Differences = Mid Perforasi-pump setting
Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) is depth (8)
a description of the reservoir's ability to
produce oil. IPR is given as a graph which is the Fluid Over Pump ( FOP )
relationship between the flow pressure of the FOP = PIP / Gf (9)
wellbed (Pwf) and the fluid flow rate (Q) which Vertical Lift (HD)
also comes from the flow of oil and water (single HD = pump setting depth − FOP (10)
phase) and oil, water, gas (two phase) (Pranondo Head Friction (HF)
et al., 2020). Reservoir pressure (Pr) or writable HF =
(Ps), bubble point pressure (Pb), and Pwf affect Friction loss per 1000 ft x pump setting depth /
the shape of the IPR curve. The shape of the IPR 1000 (11)
curve is straight if the Pr condition > Pb and Pwf
> Pb, while for the Pr > Pb and Pwf < Pb Tubing Head (HT)
conditions the shape of the IPR curve is curved HT = Pwh / Gf (12)
according to the pressure drop (Pranondo et al.,
2020)(Guo et al., 2017). Friction Loss
Q 1,85
In the calculation of the Vogel IPR curve 110 1,85 (
34,3
)
can be done in the calculation as equation (2) F = 2,083 x ( C ) x (ID)4,8655
(13)
(Sugiharto, 2012)(Wahono et al., 2015).
Qtmax Horse Power (HHP) is define as equation (14).
Qt = 𝑃𝑤𝑓 Pwf 2 (2)
1− 0,2 ( ) − 0,8 ( )
Ps Ps

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Hp adjusted to the expected production rate, the

HHP = (stage p𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎 x stage x SGf ) + 5 (14)
production rate must also be within the
recommended optimum range so that efficiency
Description:
is obtained as recommended.
SN = Number of pump stages
SGf = Specific Gravity of Fluid
SGo = Specific Gravity of Oil METHOD
WC = Watercut, the percentage of water in
The data processing used in this study is
the production well
secondary data that had been taken from
TDH = Total dynamic head, ft
petroleum production wells.
HSP = Head per stage pump
The data used in the data processing
HD = Vertical lift, ft
process is Inside Diameter casing, tubing, top
HF = Distance of pressure loss due to
perforation, depth mid perforation, bottom
friction loss in tubing, ft
perforation, pump setting depth, pr, pwf, p
HT = Pressure loss distance along the
tubing, p casing, fluid production rate test (Qt),
tubing, ft
oil production rate (Qo), actual fluid production
F = Friction Loss
rate (Qaktual), water cut (WC), pump type,
HHP = Horse Power
frequency, stage, API, specific gravity oil (Sgo),
specific gravity water (Sgw).
Submersible Electric Pump Size Selection
After the data are collected, in evaluating
The selection of the size of the
the flow rate of production fluid with ESP, it is
submersible electric pump should correspond to
necessary to calculate the Productivity Index
the magnitude of the production rate expected
(PI), Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR),
on the appropriate head. Besides , casing size
determine the expected flow rate, calculate the
is also a decisive factor in choosing an effective
number of pump stages or SN, calculate the
source power pump size, usually by choosing the
Total Dynamic Head (TDH), determine pump
highest series that has the largest diameter as
intake pressure (PIP), Total Dynamic Head
long as the casing size is possible. (Wahono et
(TDH), number of stages and determine horse
al., 2015)
power (HHP) (see Figure.2)
In choosing the size of the source electric
pump to be used, in addition to having to be

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Figure 2. Research flow chart

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 09 STB / day / Psi and a maximum and optimum
production rate through the IPR curve with the
The secondary data are used in this vogel method in figure 3 and the IPR table in
evaluation study are pump data consist of well Table 2 is 1216.49 BPD and BPD with an
data also (see Tabel 1).
optimum Pwf of 416.155 Psi. The optimum
Discussion production rate value obtained from 80% x
From the data obtained in table 1 with a
maximum production rate 973,19 𝐵𝑃𝐷 (Jaya et
production rate (Qo) of 960 BPD, reservoir
al., 2014; Wahono et al., 2015).
pressure (Pr) of 1066 Psi, and well flow pressure
(Pwf) of 430 Psi, a productivity index (PI) of 1.5

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Tabel 1 Pump Data ESP

Qo 960 BPD
Pr 1066 Psi
Pwf 430 Psi
Pwh 80 Psi
Spesific Gravity Oil 0,9111
Spesific Gravity Water 1,015
Spesific Gravity Gas 0,746
Pump Setting Depth 7491,9 Ft
Water cut 90 %
Types of pumps IND 1000
Tubing (OD) 1 Inch
3
2
Tubing (ID) 3 Inch
2
4
Range capacity 600 - 1260 BPD
Case size 7 inch
Number of stages 187 stage
Mid perforasi 7596 ft
Bottom perforasi 7611 ft
Top perforasi 7581 ft
Types of motors Seri 540
HP motor 240 HP
Motor voltage 1710 volt
Correction Factor 110

Figure 3. IPR curve, Q vs Pwf

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The curve in Figure 3 is obtained from curve data results of IPR in Tabel 2.

Tabel 2 Curve Data Results IPR

Pwf ass Qgross ass
0 1216,49
50 1202,94
150 1162,99
250 1105,91
350 1031,70
416,155 973,19
450 940,36
550 831,90
650 706,30
750 563,58
850 403,73
950 226,75
1050 32,65
1066 0,00

Figure 4 ESP IND 1000 Pump Performance Curve. The blue line is the Qoptimum value, the green
line is the Efficiency Pump value, the red line is the head/stage value, and the yellow line is the HP
value (PT. Epsindo Jaya Pratama, 2006).

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Tabel 3 ESP Pump Result Data before Evaluation and After Evaluation
No Parameter Symbol Before After
1 Laju Produksi Qopt 960 BPD 973.19 BPD
2 Pump Setting Depth PSD 7492 ft 7492 ft
3 Pump Intake Pressure PIP 37.4 psi 394.3738 psi
4 Total Dynamic Head TDH 6747.62 ft 6845.36 ft
5 Type of Pumps - IND1000 IND1000
6 Stage S 187 stage 324 stage
7 Type of Motor - Seri 540 Seri 540
9 HP Motors - 240 HP 96 HP
10 Motor Voltage Vmotor 1710 Volt 1710 Volt

Calculation of the number of stages vogel method is 1216.49 BPD and 973.19 BPD
After the IPR chart is known, a pump with an optimum Pwf of 416.155 Psi.
evaluation is carried out by calculating the The results of the evaluation of the
determination of pump intake pressure (PIP), optimum production rate that is still included
total dynamic head (TDH), number of stages and in the range capacity of an ESP pump model
determination of horse power (HHP) through IND-1000, so in this production well there is
Figure 4. Pump performance curve is the pump no need to change pumps.
performance standart from the oil company
consisted of the variation of the pump, optimum
production rate interval, efficiency pump value, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
head/stage value, and horse power (HP) value).
So that the results of the evaluation of the esp The Authors are giving credit or
installed pump can be obtained which can be appreciation to the student Reza Luthfi Artha
seen in Table 3. Wijaya and Institut Teknologi Petroleum
From the head / stage value in figure 4 of Balongan (ITPB) that already support this
the IND 1000 pump performance curve is 22.2 ft research and publication.
, the number of stages is obtained 307 stages,
because the pump does not provide 307 stages, a
pump stage that is close to the total stages is REFERENCES
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