Differentiation

EXERCISE 3.1 [PAGES 90 - 91]

Exercise 3.1 | Q 1.1 | Page 91

Solution:

Exercise 3.1 | Q 1.2 | Page 90

Solution: y = x5
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
Exercise 3.1 | Q 1.3 | Page 91

Solution:

Exercise 3.1 | Q 2.1 | Page 91

Solution:

Exercise 3.1 | Q 2.2 | Page 91

Solution:
Exercise 3.1 | Q 2.3 | Page 91

Solution:

Exercise 3.1 | Q 3.1 | Page 91

Solution:
Exercise 3.1 | Q 3.2 | Page 91

Solution:

Exercise 3.1 | Q 3.3 | Page 91

Solution:

EXERCISE 3.2 [PAGE 92]

Exercise 3.2 | Q 1.1 | Page 92

Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to its price (y) if y =
12 + 10x + 25x2
Solution:
Exercise 3.2 | Q 1.2 | Page 92

Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to its price (y) if y =
18x + log(x - 4).
Solution:

Now, by a derivative of inverse function, the rate of change of demand (x) w.r.t. price (y)
is
Exercise 3.2 | Q 1.3 | Page 92

Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to its price (y) if y =
25x + log(1 + x2)
Solution: y = 25x + log(1 + x2)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Now, by derivative of inverse function, the rate of change of demand (x) w.r.t. price (y) is
Exercise 3.2 | Q 2.1 | Page 92

Find the marginal demand of a commodity where demand is x and price is y.

Solution:

Now, by derivative of inverse function, the marginal demand of a commodity is

Exercise 3.2 | Q 2.2 | Page 92

Find the marginal demand of a commodity where demand is x and price is y.

Solution:

Now, by derivative of inverse function, the marginal demand of a commodity is

Exercise 3.2 | Q 2.3 | Page 92

Find the marginal demand of a commodity where demand is x and price is y.

Solution:
EXERCISE 3.3 [PAGE 94]

Exercise 3.3 | Q 1.1 | Page 94

Solution:
Exercise 3.3 | Q 1.2 | Page 94

Solution:

Exercise 3.3 | Q 1.3 | Page 94

Solution:

∴ log y = xx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
Exercise 3.3 | Q 2.1 | Page 94
Solution:
Exercise 3.3 | Q 2.2 | Page 94

Solution: y = (2x + 5)x

Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log y = log (2x + 5)x
∴ log y = x * log (2x + 5)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Exercise 3.3 | Q 2.3 | Page 94

Solution:
Exercise 3.3 | Q 3.1 | Page 94

Solution:
Exercise 3.3 | Q 3.2 | Page 94

Solution:

∴y=u+v
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
Exercise 3.3 | Q 3.3 | Page 94

Solution:

EXERCISE 3.4 [PAGE 95]

Exercise 3.4 | Q 1.1 | Page 95

Solution:
Exercise 3.4 | Q 1.2 | Page 95

Solution:

Exercise 3.4 | Q 1.3 | Page 95

Solution:
x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 = 81
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Exercise 3.4 | Q 2.1 | Page 95

Solution:

Exercise 3.4 | Q 2.2 | Page 95

Solution:

Exercise 3.4 | Q 2.3 | Page 95

Solution: xy = log (xy)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

Exercise 3.4 | Q 3.1 | Page 95

Solution:
Exercise 3.4 | Q 3.2 | Page 95

Solution: log (x + y) = log (xy) + a

∴ log (x + y) = log x + log y + a
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Exercise 3.4 | Q 3.3 | Page 95

Solution:
EXERCISE 3.5 [PAGE 97]

Exercise 3.5 | Q 1.1 | Page 97

Solution:

Exercise 3.5 | Q 1.2 | Page 97

Solution: x = 2at2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get

Exercise 3.5 | Q 1.3 | Page 97

Solution: x = e3t
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
Exercise 3.5 | Q 2.1 | Page 97

Solution:
Exercise 3.5 | Q 2.2 | Page 97

Solution:
Exercise 3.5 | Q 2.3 | Page 97

Solution: Let u = 5x and v = log x

u = 5x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Exercise 3.5 | Q 3.1 | Page 97

Solution:

Exercise 3.5 | Q 3.2 | Page 97

Solution:
Exercise 3.5 | Q 3.3 | Page 97

Solution: x = t . log t ....(i)

y = tt
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log y = t . log t
∴ log y = x ....[From (i)]
∴ y = ex ...(ii)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

EXERCISE 3.6 [PAGE 98]

Exercise 3.6 | Q 1.1 | Page 98

Solution:
Exercise 3.6 | Q 1.2 | Page 98

Solution:

Exercise 3.6 | Q 1.3 | Page 98

Solution:

Exercise 3.6 | Q 2.1 | Page 98

Solution:

Exercise 3.6 | Q 2.2 | Page 98

Solution:

Exercise 3.6 | Q 2.3 | Page 98

Solution:

MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE 3 [PAGES 99 - 101]

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.01 | Page 99

Choose the correct alternative.

If y = (5x3 - 4x2 - 8x)9, then dy/dx =
1. 9(5x3 - 4x2 - 8x)8 (15x2 - 8x - 8)
2. 9(5x3 - 4x2 - 8x)9 (15x2 - 8x - 8)
3. 9(5x3 - 4x2 - 8x)8 (5x2 - 8x - 8)
4. 9(5x3 - 4x2 - 8x)9 (15x2 - 8x - 8)
Solution: 9(5x3 - 4x2 - 8x)8 (15x2 - 8x - 8)
Explanation:
y = (5x3 - 4x2 - 8x)9
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.02 | Page 99

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.03 | Page 99
Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.04 | Page 99

Choose the correct alternative.

If y = 2x2 + 22 + a2, then dy/dx=?
1. x
2. 4x
3. 2x
4. -2x
Solution: 4x
Explanation:
y = 2x2 + 22 + a2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
Dy/dx = 2(2x) + 0 + 0 = 4x

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.05 | Page 99

Choose the correct alternative.
If y = 5x . x5, then dy/dx=?
1. 5x. x4 (5 + log 5)
2. 5x. x5 (5 + log 5)
3. 5x . x4 (5 + x log 5)
4. 5x. x5 (5 + x log 5)
Solution: 5x . x4 (5 + x log 5)
Explanation:
y = 5 x . x5
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.06 | Page 99

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.07 | Page 99

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.08 | Page 99

Choose the correct alternative.

If x4.y5=(x + y)m + 1 then dy/dx=y/x then m = ?
1. 8
2. 4
3. 5
4. 20
Solution: 8

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.09 | Page 99

 1. -y/x
2. y/x
3. -x/y
4. x/y
Solution: x/y

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 1.1 | Page 99

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.01 | Page 99

Fill in the Blank

If 3x2y + 3xy2 = 0, then dy/dx = ________
Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.02 | Page 99

Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.03 | Page 99

Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.04 | Page 99

Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.05 | Page 99

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.06 | Page 100

Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.07 | Page 100

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.08 | Page 100

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.09 | Page 100

Solution: If x = t log t and y = tt, then dy/dx = y.

Explanation:
x = t . log t ....(i)
y = tt
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log y = t . log t
∴ log y = x ....[From (i)]
∴ y = ex ...(ii)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 2.1 | Page 100

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.1 | Page 100

State whether the following is True or False:

If f′ is the derivative of f, then the derivative of the inverse of f is the inverse of f′.
1. True
2. False
Solution: False

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.2 | Page 100

1. True
2. False
Solution: True

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.3 | Page 100

State whether the following is True or False:

The derivative of f(x) = ax, where a is constant is x.ax-1.
1. True
2. False
Solution: False

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.4 | Page 100

State whether the following is True or False:

The derivative of polynomial is polynomial.
1. True
2. False
Solution: True
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.5 | Page 100

1. True
2. False
Solution: False

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.6 | Page 100

State whether the following is True or False:

If y = log x, then dy/dx=1/x
1. True
2. False
Solution: True

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.7 | Page 100

State whether the following is True or False:

If y = e2, then dy/dx=2e
1. True
2. False
Solution: False

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.8 | Page 100

State whether the following is True or False:
The derivative of ax is ax . loga.

1. True
2. False
Solution: True
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 3.9 | Page 100

1. True
2. False
Solution: False

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.01 | Page 100

Solve the following:

If y = (6x3 - 3x2 - 9x)10, find dy/dx
Solution: y = (6x3 - 3x2 - 9x)10
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.02 | Page 100

Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.03 | Page 100

Solve the following:

If y = [log(log(logx))]2, find dy/dx
Solution: y = [log(log(logx))]2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.04 | Page 100

Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to its price (y) if y =
25 + 30x – x2.
Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.05 | Page 100

Solution:

Now, by derivative of inverse function, the rate of change of demand (x) w.r.t. price(y) is
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.06 | Page 100

Find dy/dx, if y = xx.

Solution: y = xx.
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log y = log (xx)
∴ log y = x log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.07 | Page 100

Solution:

Let u = xx
log u = log (xx)
∴ log y = x log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.08 | Page 100

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.09 | Page 100
Solution:

Also, v = (7x – 1)x

Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
log v = log(7x - 1)x
∴ log v = x. log(7x – 1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.1 | Page 100

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.11 | Page 100

If x3+y2+xy=7 Find dy/dx

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.12 | Page 100

If x3y3=x2-y2, Find dy/dx

Solution:

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.13 | Page 100

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.14 | Page 100
Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.15 | Page 100

Find dy/dx if x = 5t2, y = 10t.

Solution: x = 5t2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.16 | Page 100

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.17 | Page 100

Differentiate log (1 + x2) with respect to ax.

Solution: Let u = log (1 + x2) and v = ax
u = log (1 + x2)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.18 | Page 101

Differentiate e4x+5 with respect to 104x.

Solution:
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.19 | Page 101

Solution: y = log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.2 | Page 101

Solution: x = at2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.21 | Page 101

Solution:
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.22 | Page 101

Solution: x2 + 6xy + y2 = 10 ....(i)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
= - 8 × 10 .....[from (i)]
= - 80

Miscellaneous Exercise 3 | Q 4.23 | Page 101

Solution: ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 ....(i)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get