Mary January Chan
BA Political Science III-B
Activity No. 3. Sampling
A. Discuss sampling as a concept
In statistical analysis, sampling is a procedure by which researchers select a predefined
number of observations from a larger population. Sampling enables researchers to use just a
portion of the population in order to conduct studies about a large group. Depending on the kind
of analysis being done, the sampling strategy may involve systematic or basic random sampling.
In the fields of statistics, psychology, and finance, sampling is frequently used.
It reduces the need for gathering data from every member of the population, enabling
researchers to draw conclusions more quickly and cheaply. Sampling becomes essential to our
thesis because it helps us figure out who and how many respondents to interview in order to get
the most accurate and trustworthy data possible for our study.
B. Construct a summary matrix of probability and non-probability sampling following the
table below:
Types of Sampling When to Use it Advantages Disadvantages
A. Probability When you wish to High representation is It has a high
Sampling make sure that each provided by complexity
component in the probability sampling compared to non-
population has a techniques, which probability sampling
known probability of guarantee that the and it is more time
being taken into sample accurately consuming.
account in the reflects the features of
sample, you use this. the total population.
a. Simple Random When you want to Simplicity and its lack Difficulty gaining
Sampling make sure that every of bias in regards with the list of a large
unit has an equal choosing the samples. population and that it
chance of being costs majority of our
included and the time.
population is
relatively uniformly
distributed, this is an
excellent option. that
each person must
have an equal chance
of being selected to
serve as a sample.
b. Stratified Implement when it is More accurate data Requires a detailed
Sampling possible to separate since it allows data analysis on the strata
the population into gatherers to absorb being sampled.
discrete strata or more information
subgroups based on accurately, as it also
shared traits. reduces bias and is
time friendly.
c. Systematic Implement when It is simple and quick Success relies on
Sampling you're seeking some to implement. population count.
unpredictability Samples are evenly Unequal selection
mixed with a more distributed. might be possible.
methodical approach.
d. Cluster Sampling When a population is The sampling is more In general,
large and dispersed feasible when the specimens formed by
over a large area, entire population is the clustering
cluster sampling is divided into approach are more
employed. The homogeneous groups. likely to have larger
population is split up Moreover, the study sampling error than
into segments rather can include more samples formed by
than being counted in subjects because each other methods.
its entirety, and a few cluster represents the
segments are then entire population.
randomly selected.
e. Multi-Stage Implemented to a Multistage sampling is It does not
Sampling multistage design in simple to use, accurately reflect the
which it is not adaptable, and population in its
feasible to conduct economical. There are entirety. This is due
individual research no limitations on how to the fact that
due to the size of the you split the groups; research studies
population. you can use as many never have a 100%
stages as necessary to population
reduce the sample to a representation.
manageable size.
B. Non-Probability This is employed The use of non- Undercoverage bias
Sampling when establishing a probability sampling is likely because
sampling frame is works well for small- certain units in the
impractical or when a scale studies because population have no
representative sample it is frequently more chance of being
is not necessary to practical and included in the
achieve the study's economical. sample.
goals.
a. Convenience This method is Convenience Convenience
Sampling employed when it's sampling's main sampling's primary
most convenient to benefits are its low drawback is the
gather data from cost, high sample's unclear
readily available effectiveness, and ease generalizability.
individuals or of use.
sources.
b. Purposive Use purposiveThe broad range of Research biases like
Sampling sampling when you sampling techniques selection or sampling
want to select
that can be applied to bias can affect
specific individuals various qualitative purposeful sampling.
or elements that research designs— Results are highly
possess certain
from homogeneous susceptible to bias
characteristics sampling to critical because the
relevant to yourcase sampling, expert researcher's
research. sampling, and more— subjective judgement
is one of the main was used to select
advantages of the sample units.
purposive sampling.
c. Snowball This is applied when Samples are easier to Snowball sampling
Sampling a researcher makes locate: Because carries a higher risk
contact with a limited referrals originate of sample bias and
group of the target from reputable error margin. Since
and ask them to sources, finding there is no random
introduce you to subjects is quick and selection involved in
other members of the simple. this process,
public. participants are more
likely to recommend
individuals who are
similar to them.
d. Quota When it's necessary A quick, simple, and The one
Sampling to guarantee that affordable method of disadvantage is that
particular subgroups obtaining survey there is a higher
are fairly represented results is through chance of survey
in your sample, quota quota sampling. bias due to the
sampling is utilised. absence of
randomization.
e. Theoretical Information can be By giving priority to The application of
Sampling obtained from a the gathering of rich theoretical sampling
sample of the and comprehensive demands more
population through data, theoretical resources, including
theoretical sampling. sampling helps time and money,
population about a researchers fully than other sampling
subject that a comprehend the techniques because it
researcher is most intricacy and breadth is a highly
knowledgeable. of the phenomenon systematic process.
they are studying.
f. Sequential An initial sample is Sequential sampling It is unlikely that this
Sampling drawn first in can reveal whether a sampling technique
sequential sampling. batch of light bulbs is is representative of
Should this first faulty considerably the total population.
sample fail to yield faster and more Only when the
Additional units are affordably than researcher opted to
added, possibly one random sampling. use a very large
at a time, to reach a sample size
conclusion of significant enough to
acceptable reliability, represent a
until a significant portion of
The point at which a the entire population
trustworthy deduction does it have any
can be made is chance of coming
reached. close to
representativeness.
C. The table below shows the distribution of members in six civil society organizations of a
certain local government unit. Determine the sufficient sample size needed in each
organization.
Civil Society Organization N n
A 145 40
B 177 48
C 254 69
D 188 51
E 90 25
F 214 58
TOTAL: 1068 291
